• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2009

The immature neonatal brain is susceptible to the development of seizures. Seizures occur in 1% to 5% of infants during the neonatal period. Neonatal seizures are most commonly associated with serious acute illnesses, such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, birth trauma, metabolic disturbances, or infections. Thus, newborn infants with seizures are at risk for neonatal death and survivors are at risk for neurologic impairment, developmental delay, and subsequent epilepsy. Experimental data have also raised concerns about the potential adverse effects of the currently used anticonvulsants in neonates on brain development. Therefore, in the management of neonatal seizures, confirmatory diagnosis and optimal, but shorter, duration of anticonvulsant therapy is essential. Nevertheless, there has been substantial progress in understanding the developmental mechanisms that influence seizure generation and responsiveness to anticonvulsants. The currently used therapies have limited efficacy and the treatment of neonatal seizures has not significantly changed in the past several decades, This review includes an overview of current approaches to the treatment of neonatal seizures.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.205-213
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• 1977

In order to evaluate the therapeutic effect of thoracostomy on the patients with pathological changes in pleural cavity which were caused by various etiological factors, a clinical study was carried out during a period of 5 and half years from May 1972 to September 1977 in the department of thoracic surgery, Hanyang University Hospital, and the following results were obtained. Of a total of 264 patients, 205 cases were male, and 59 female, exhibiting the ratio of male to female being 3.5 to 1. The pathological changes in pleural cavity could occur at any age from 4 months after birth to 76 years old, the peak incidence being in the third decade in either male or female. The incidence decreased in the second, fifth and fourth decade in order. The type of pathological changes observed and their frequencies of occurrences were 93 cases [35.2%] in pneumothorax, 62 cases [23.5%] in hemothorax, 48 cases [18.2%] in pyothorax, 46 cases [17. 4%] in hemopneumothorax, 13 cases [4.9%] in hydropneumothorax, and one case each in hydrothorax and chylothorax. The incidence of the primary diseases which predisposed the pathological changes in pleural cavity were, 119 cases [45-1%] in trauma, 64 cases [24.2%]in lung tuberculosis, 38 cases [14.4%] in pneumonia or empyema, 14 cases [5.3%] in lung emphysema and blebs, 13 cases [4.9%] in process after thoracotomy, 3 cases [1.1%] each in lung malignant tumor and lung paragonimiasis, one case in mechanical ventilator and 9 cases [3.4%] in unknown origin. The pathological changes in pleural cavity were located in the right side of the cavity in 124 cases, in the left side in 133 cases and in both sides in 7 cases, indicating that the difference between the incidence of the left and rightside occurences was insignificant. Of 93 cases of pneumothorax studied, 63 cases were found to have been tension pneumothorax and 30 cases non-tension pneumothorax, showing greater prevalence of tension type over non-tension type. Of 119 cases of trauma observed, 82 cases were accompanied with rib fractures and 37 cases were without any fracture [non-bone fracture]. Patients with the rib fractures were characterized by multiple rib fractures and multiple double fractures of ribs, accompanying with or without fracture of bones other than ribs, and patients with non-bone fracture were characterized by penetrating stab wound and blunt trauma. Of 264 cases who received thoracostomy, 207 cases [78.4%] demonstrated that their pathological changes in pleural cavity were removed and subsided by a simple measure of thoracostomy. In 43 cases [16.3%], various surgical measures including radical operation and thoracotomy were required for complete healing, since their pathological changes were not abolished by thoracostomy alone. The rest 14 cases [5.3%] were expired following thoracostomy.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.406-408
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• 2007

Purpose: Despite a high frequency of acquired nail disease, congenital absence of the nail, also called as anonychia, is a rare anomaly. It may be seen as an isolated of phalangeal bone(ectrodactyly), nail-patella syndrome, birth trauma, impaired peripheral circulation, alopecia areata, and pemphigus, idiopathic atrophy of the nail, bullous drug eruptions, periodic shedding, lichen planus, Stenvens-Johnson syndrome and so forth. Methods: We have experienced a rare case of 40-day-old neonate, suffering from intrauterine growth retardation, but without familial history, chromosomal anomalies or any other diseases. Results: There was no nail on left 5th finger and distal phalangeal bone of same finger. So, We diagnosed as Congenital Anonychia with ectrodactyly of 5th Finger. Conclusion: We report this case as congenital anonychia of 5th finger which have developed from underlying distal phalangeal ectrodactyly. We also review other reported cased in the literatures.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.289-297
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• 2008

Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia ( PKD ) is an unusual dyskinesia often precipitated by voluntary movements and characterized by brief episodes of choreic/ dystonic movements. Little is known of the pathophysiology of PKD, although secondary etiologies such as multiple sclerosis, ischemic stroke, birth injury , head trauma, drug abuse, etc. are known to induce the disease. We report a case of a male patient suffering from both legs dystonia for 10 years. He had a past history of drug abuse, and was diagnosed as PKD by a neurologist. We treated him with acupucture and herbal medicine and was able to observe the improvement in certain symtoms and general condition.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.14-17
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• 2005

By the influence of the descriptive approach of DSM-III, the anxiety became the same thing as the anxiety disorder to the clinicians. This unfortunate result sacrificed psychodynamic model of symptom formations and simplified the anxiety as one of the disease entity not as the overdetermined symptoms. These phenomenon awakened the psychoanalytic interest which was in sleep. Freud was the first major articulator of the basic significance of anxiety in human behavior. He attributed the particular quality of the anxiety experience to the trauma of birth, and subsequently to the fear of castration. Such classification of the anxiety according to the psychosexual development is helpful for the clinicians in understanding the origin of anxiety which the patient shows during the psychotherapy. The other analytical view of interpersonal psychoanalysis came from Sullivan. A large part of his therapy is taken up with recognizing and correcting parataxic distortions that interfere with realistic self-appraisal of events and of oneself in relation to others. Perhaps no explanation is the 'most basic' explanation for human anxiety. Anxiety is a multifaceted entity consisting of aspects of realm of discourse. Existential anxiety is inescapable in Western culture but it can be transcended by the cultivation of mind in Eastern culture. The analysts need to stay attuned to their own propensities for anxiety and must permit their own experiences with anxiety to be the grist for the psychotherapeutic mill.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.4
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• pp.806-831
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• 2020

Musculoskeletal injury is the most common cause of children visiting the department of emergency medicine. Since the bone is still developing, pediatric patients have characteristic radiological manifestations, including plastic deformation, greenstick fractures, and buckle (or torus) fractures. Furthermore, growth arrest can occur in those with physeal fractures. Various mechanisms are responsible for pediatric musculoskeletal injury since children have different ranges of activities, depending on their age, such as birth injury and fall and traffic accidents. Some fractures have characteristic locations and radiological manifestations. In this review, we will discuss various radiological manifestations of fractures involving both upper and lower limbs in pediatric patients.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2019

Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurologic disorder with a prevalence 1/10,000-30,000. The cause of PWS is an abnormalities of chromosome 15q11.2-q13 which is an imprinting gene. Obesity and hyperphagia are characteristic features on a PWS adult. On the other hand, the birth weight, height and body mass index (BMI) of PWS infants are 15-20% lower than those of normal babies and there is a failure to thrive until 24-month-old. Most of PWS patients are treated under general anesthesia and conscious sedation. This case is a treatment of severe caries in a PWS 46 month-old child without general anesthesia and conscious sedation. He came to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea with a trauma history. He had a medical history with heart surgery and needed to take antibiotics prophylaxis. The luxated left upper primary tooth were removed and caries treatment were done as an outpatient without general anesthesia, conscious sedation.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.467-473
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• 2019

The amputation of body parts of wild animals can affect their activities in the wild and the behavior of mothers raising their cubs can cause behavioral characteristics in their offspring. In 2017, an Asiatic black bear was caught in a snare at the Jirisan National Park and had a right forefoot amputation. It was released into the wild the same year and gave birth to two cubs. The seasonal analysis of the behavioral rites of five females who gave birth in the same year as this individual showed specific home ranges, activity altitudes, and movement distances compared to other populations. Physical disabilities in the mother could lead to difficulties in food activity, hibernation, and cub-rearing, but the bear's maternal instincts helped to overcome difficulties in the wild and ensure the cubs' survival. It also became a special experience in the process of promoting the restoration of Asiatic black bears at Jirisan National Park. Although the Asiatic black bear's cubs, which grew up in difficult conditions compared to other populations, are not currently causing problems, continuous monitoring will help determine the success of the disabled mother cub-rearing study. Furthermore, these case studies will be used to establish long-term management directions and plans for conflicts with people from various perspectives.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.22-25
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• 2012

Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy(HIE) is a condition that occurs when the entire brain is deprived of an adequate oxygen supply and associated in most cases with oxygen deprivation in the neonate due to birth asphyxia. Children with HIE develop problems such as cerebral palsy, mental retardation, learning difficulties, and other disabilities. We hereby report the case of treating a child patient with HIE whose chief complaint of severe lingual ulceration. A 12-month-old boy referred to our hospital to treat ulcers of ventral surface of tongue. He has been suffering from lingual ulceration due to persistent tongue thrusting. He has bitten his own tongue involuntary. The ulceration was apparently seemed to be not healed because of the constant irritation by lower incisors. So we designed tongue protector to prevent lingual ulcers. The appliance was proved to be effective to reduce tongue trauma by lower incisors and periodic follow-up is needed.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.504-508
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• 2008

Delayed eruption and abnormal morphology of the primary incisors following intubation may be due to follicular displacement and localized trauma caused by the process of intubation. Result of such damage included palatal groove formation, defective incisors and acquired clefts. This clinical report presents effect of intubation on the primary dentition of premature low-birth-weight children prior to tooth eruption.