• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.163-182
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• 2014

This study examined the effects of informal grandparent-provided child care and support on married women's additional birth plans. This study applied panel data analysis to three waves of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Family (KLoWF) and obtained two major findings, as follows. First, having a mother-in-law and co-residing with parents-in-law had a positive influence on married working women's additional birth plans. Child care provision from the parents of a married working woman also positively influenced her additional birth plans. Second, the analysis showed that housework assistance from a woman's mother-in-law or mother had no effect on her birth plans in both models investigated: the additional birth plan model for all women, both employed and unemployed, and the additional birth plan model for only working women. In conclusion, the findings of this study demonstrated that child care availability, with grandparents as the trusted providers, is a more important factor in married women's additional birth plans than housework assistance from their mothers-in-law and mothers.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1-29
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• 2020

Objective: The present study aimed to explore the experiences of mothers who have abandoned their additional birth plans since their first child was born. Methods: During in-depth interviews, mothers were asked to recall their own experiences of motherhood. The interview data were analyzed using the grounded theory. Results: The central phenomenon was 'The burden of raising a child is too heavy for mothers to carry alone.' The causal conditions were 'First experience: Unpredictable life', 'Physical and psychological difficulty', and 'Spouse's absence.' The contextual conditions were 'Expectations and reality of parenting' and 'Workplace conditions.' The mothers used interaction strategies of 'Defusing conflict only on a surface level: Giving up', 'Reliance on grandmothers', and 'Downgrading career aspirations.' These strategies were mediated by intervening conditions, 'Stereotypes and experiences of non-family nanny', 'Child's development', and 'Family conflict.' The results were 'Endless guilt', 'Ambivalence between independence versus interdependence' and 'Unfairness: Why only me?' Finally, the process of psychological conflict was identified to account for the steps leading mothers to give up on their birth plans. Conclusion/Implications: During the first experience of motherhood, mothers' conflict gets escalated despite their struggles. These experiences might discourage their additional birth plans. These results provide implications for policies to increase fertility rates.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.233-239
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• 2018

A rapid decrease of total fertility rate to 1.08 in 2005 prompted the Korean government to plan and implement a '5-year plan for ageing society and population policy' starting from 2006. The 1st and 2nd 5-year plans had not shown any discernible impact on the fertility and the 3rd 5-year plan was launched in 2016. However, the fertility rate is going down further. The author reviewed the contents and assessment reports of the fertility promotion plan to suggest ideas for complementing the shortcomings of it. Author defined the major determinants of marriage and child birth as philosophy, politics, sense of value, social norm, culture, healthcare, and education. The plan was examined in view of these determinants. Transformation of Korea from an agricultural society to an industrialized society in a short period of time had brought about changes in most of the determinants of marriage and child birth; in particular philosophy and sense of value. These aspects were not put into consideration in the plan. Author suggested to launch a social education program for the general public to establish a sound philosophy of life, reform the sense of value on family, child birth and education, and cultivate the skill to draw a consensus through discussions on the social issues. A special program to promote marriage of women at the optimum age for child birth was proposed. The government should implement well balanced policy for economic development and labor. Multidisciplinary approach was recommended for these tasks.

• Architectural research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 2019

In the spatial configuration of a unit plan, two rules exist: one that governs the arrangement of spaces, and one that controls the design process of generating a unit plan. This study defines space grammar as an integration of the two rules that give birth to a given spatial configuration and as the process of the generation of unit plans. To understand the distinctive features of Indonesian row houses, this study analyzes the unit plans of row houses in new towns of the metropolitan cities of Indonesia, derives a common space grammar from the unit plans, and interprets the sociocultural background that has produced this space grammar. This study employs Seo's (2007a; 2007b) graph-theoretic methodology to analyze the spatial configurations of unit plans along with a topographical approach to systematically illustrate the design process. The guest space was found as the most unique space of Indonesian houses, which cannot be found in other Southeast Asian houses. Kitchen was clearly seperated from the dining and living spaces, following traditional custom. Dining space was found to serve as a circulation center, connecting the entrance, the lving area and the kitchen. This study locates the basic orders of primary space and the design principles that dictate the unique spatial configurations of Indonesian row houses. This study reveals the basic space grammar that underpins the forms of Indonesian row houses, explaining the sociocultural and geo-climatic factors affecting this space grammar and proposing unique characteristics of Indonesian contemporary houses.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.153-165
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• 2024

The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of the social parental role and attitude of prospective parents recognized by adolescents on childbirth plans and child rearing, and the mediating effect of parental role confidence. Based on the data collected from 614 male and female high school students in D Metropolitan City who cooperated in advance, the study results were derived through Baron & Kenny's three-step regression analysis. First, it was found that the social parental role and attitude as prospective parents perceived by adolescents had a positive (+) effect on birth plans and child rearing. Second, it was found that the social parental role and attitude as prospective parents perceived by adolescents had a positive (+) effect on parental role confidence. Third, it was found that the social parental role and attitude as prospective parents perceived by adolescents had a positive (+) effect on childbirth plans and child rearing by mediating parental role confidence as a positive (+) effect. Based on these research results, it is hoped that it will be provided as basic data for the development of policies and programs related to low birth rates.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.103-121
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• 2012

This paper used data which consisted of 109 female managers who married and 109 female managers who gave birth over a 2-year period (2008-2010) by 'KWMP: Korean Women Manager Panel' from Korean Women's Development Institute (KWDI). The results of this empirical study exhibit that 1) female managers' marriages and childbirth did not have significant effects on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and plans to leave. 2) Female managers' marriages also did not have significant effects on life satisfaction, however, their childbirth did (t=2.49, df=108, p<.014). We used to believe that female managers' marriages and childbirth could disturb their work. However, this study disproved the previous stereotype that female managers' marriages and childbirth would have negative effects on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and plans to leave. The results of this study will provide useful information to human resource departments or female rights and interests organizations.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to analysis on periodical changes of rural houses of Korean-Chinese people residing in Yanbian area, China focused on periodical changes of floor plans according to Chinese government's policies and regulations influencing on rural houses. Changes of floor plans are classified into four periods; immigrating settled period, 1960-1970s, 1980-1990s, and after 2000. Total number of 67 cases were analyzed that data was collected 48 cases of literature studies and 19 cases of field study in Yanbian, China. The results are as followings. In immigrating settled period, floor plans of the rural houses have tended to be continued the pattern of the Korean traditional rural houses. Nevertheless China was changed socialism system, rarely floor plans were influenced by the system during this period. From 1960s to 1970s, the livestock and rural mechanization are influenced by the "People's Commune" policy. The "Barn" and "Mill" were converted into "warehouse". The residential part consists of one Jeongji (space mixed dinning and kitchen) and one to three of Ondolbang (room). From 1980s to 1990s influenced by the policies of "Cultural Revolution", "Birth Control" and "Chinese Economic Reform", the Korean traditional customs like "elders first" and "distinction between the male and female have been gradually vanished. Meanwhile, spaces of the rural houses have consisted of Jeongji, big Utppang (room), and warehouse. Each space is opened and mutual. Since 2000, influenced by the policy of a "new Socialist Countryside Construction", the bathroom and kitchen are added in interior spaces, the life style in rural houses has been changed as for both the sedentary style and western style.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.155-172
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• 2015

This study aimed to identify the effects of mothers' variables and present children's variables on subsequent childbirth plan and to explore predictors of subsequent childbirth plan for non-employed and employed mothers. The subjects were 1,635 mothers participating in the Panel Study on Korean Children from 2008 to 2010 and having no subsequent children until 2010 after giving birth to children in 2008. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t test, ${\chi}^2$ test, and decision tree analysis. The main results of this study were as follows. Firstly, mothers' child-rearing stresses, child value, marital satisfaction, social support, present children's birth order and sex influenced mothers' subsequent childbirth plans, whereas mothers' average family income per month did not. Secondly, in the case of non-employed mothers, their present children's birth order and sex, and mothers' child value predicted their subsequent childbirth plan. Specifically, mothers whose present children's birth order and sex was first and female had the highest possibilities of subsequent childbirth plan, followed by mothers whose present children's birth order and sex was first and male, and child value was higher. Thirdly, in the case of employed mothers, their present children's birth order and mothers' marital satisfaction predicted their subsequent childbirth plan. Specifically, mothers whose present children' birth order was first and marital satisfaction was higher had the highest possibilities of subsequent childbirth plan. Finally, the study suggested the role of Home Economics Education in raising the rate of subsequent childbirth.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 2009

In recent years, reductions in infant mortality have mainly been accomplished by improving the survival of premature and low birth weight infants, however premature infants still remain at great risk. The purpose of this study was to review the maternal child health service related to premature infants and to provide a future direction for improving maternal child health (MCH) in Korea. We reviewed two MCH services which are directly related to premature infants: 1) a registry and financial support program for families with a premature infant, and 2) financial support to build neonatal intensive care units in rural public hospitals. Suggestions are made for the development of a national vital signs record system to identify high risk infants and to monitor the trends in infant mortality due to prematurity. Prevention efforts and preconception care for childbearing women is also an important strategy to reduce the rate of preterm births. Finally, we need consider long-term follow-up plans for premature infants for a successful transit to the special education system. Developing MCH policy related to premature infants that decreases the occurrence of premature may decrease infant mortality, and also improve maternal and child health services.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.261-268
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• 2024

This study focused on social connection apps and support among various measures to prevent 'killing and abandonment of infants', which has recently become a social issue. The research method attempted to show the necessity of a social-linked app by analyzing the contents of 12 cases with peculiarities in the infant murder process in the judgment after 2021. Infanticide mothers were found to be economically and socially vulnerable, and they killed infants to continue their lives. Focusing on the mind of human respect rather than the judicial meaning of punishing crime, the development of social connection apps and support services that allow both mothers and infants to be healthy and socially protected were proposed. The first is a great transformation of economic support and awareness for pregnancy, childbirth, and parenting. Second, it is necessary to develop a confidentiality counseling and information app that can comprehensively support medical directions and social welfare in consideration of the health status of the fetus and women and the socio-economic situation. Third, it is proposed to promote the use of the Internet such as joint childcare facilities of social communities, child protection institutions, and adoption systems. The government should investigate the reasons for not being able to register birth, the root causes of killing and abandonment of infants, and come up with practical plans and policies for them.