• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2018

Breeding bird surveys provide the reference information for understanding bird community structure and function in the ecosystem and conserving biodiversity. Recent rapid change of biodiversity due to climate change and other factors has made it necessary to utilize acoustic sensors for accuracy and spatial expansion of forest bird survey data and for time-series monitoring of forest birds. The objective of this study is to investigate the possibility of using acoustic recording sensor to evaluate the diversity of forest birds at breeding season by comparing and analyzing the recorded data of bird songs and field bird survey data. We conducted the site survey and recording in 186 points in 48 areas of 4 regions of Gombaeryeong and Jochimryeong around Jeombongsan Mountain and Jugryeong and Gochiryeong around Sobaeksan Mountain from May 2nd to 16th in 2013. The analysis of the correlation between the recording result and Bird Community Index based on the field survey showed that the number of bird species, population, and the number of bird songs by recording was significantly correlated to the number of species and population by field survey. Moreover, the number of bird species and the number of bird songs by recording showed a significant correlation to species diversity and species richness but no or low significant correlation to species evenness by the field study (observation and listing in parallel). As a result, it was possible to check species composition and species diversity of bird communities by analyzing acoustic recording data on the field. The acoustic recordings of bird songs in the breeding period were more reliable than the non-breeding period in the correlation of recording result and species diversity and for utilization.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1281-1283
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• 2003

By use of RS and GIS, the QuickBird image and geographic map were used for the survey of the foreshore resources of Shanghai. The image was processed and interpreted. The distribution maps of sea dike, foreshore, vegetation, soil, hydraulic structures, landscape, topography, and so on were extracted in manual classification. These data have been integrated into the information management system for the shoreline and foreshore. It plays an important role in the evolvement analysis of the shoreline and foreshore.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.195-206
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• 2022

Gaining an understanding of bird communities in different habitat types is essential for the conservation of ecologically important habitats. Wetlands possess different types of habitats and provide an important environment for wintering waterbird communities. This study compares avian communities in five different habitat types in the Moeyungyi Wetland Wildlife Sanctuary (MWWS), Myanmar. From December 2014 to the first week of February in 2015, bird and habitat data were collected from representative areas of five habitat types (i.e., short grassland, tall grassland, lotus fields, open water areas, and rice fields) at MWWS. We established nine sampling plots in each habitat type, and used the point quadrat method to survey habitats and the point count method to survey birds in the habitats. Simple one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc tests were used to determine differences between bird communities. We made 95 detections during 19 daily visits to each of the five habitat types. During the survey period, we recorded a total of 10,389 individuals belonging to 52 different bird species, based on 7-min observations at each of the 45 point count stations. Furthermore, we detected significant differences by habitat structure (i.e., vegetation coverage, height, and density; water depth; and plant species diversity) as well as bird communities (i.e., species richness, abundance, and diversity indices). In addition, the detailed analysis of 52 avian species revealed significant differences among 45 species with respect to the mean numbers of observed individuals in the survey habitats. The findings of this study revealed significant differences in the structure and composition of waterbird communities among the five assessed habitat types. Because natural marshes provide preferable habitats for a larger number and greater diversity of birds, relative to rice fields, natural marshes should be prioritized for conservation and restoration in Moeyungyi Wetland Wildlife Sanctuary.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 2024

This study conducted a survey from April 2021 to December 2022 to investigate habitat factors affecting bird diversity in the region between Cheonwangbong Peak and Aghwibong in Baekdudaegan protected area, South Korea. Since the region has a spatial scale of 736.4 km² and is an area where a wide variety of habitats are mixed, we selected 20 survey areas of 3 km x 3 km by analysis of habitat homogeneity. As a result of analyzing the relationship between habitat environment and bird diversity in the survey area, it was found that the diversity of bird communities was directly or indirectly related to the diversity of terrestrial insects, slope, average habitat area, mean size of patches, elevation, and forest type, and distance from agricultural land. The slope of habitat, forest type, and distance from agricultural land affect the occurrence of food sources directly and indirectly, and the average area of habitats and forest type is closely related to the structural diversity of habitats. Therefore, it is determined that the diversity of bird communities is affected by the amount of food generated within the habitat and the diversity of habitats. It is determined that the relationship between bird communities and habitat environments in this surveyed region can be basic ecological data for establishing forest management measures to promote the diversity of bird communities.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.174-183
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• 2015

We have conducted a verification test of correlation between bird community indices and bird sound recording results in order to use the equipment which deals with the automatic sound collecting system, the song meter. The study areas include four sites which are Gombaeryoung and Zochimryoung in Jeombongsan Mountain and Jookryoung and Gochiryoung in Sobaeksan National Park. We collected the bird sound data five times using a sound recorder and field survey results in the same place of the study site. As a result of the sound recording from the field survey, the species recorded by three researchers of sound analyst include common resident species or species which have a relatively conspicuous call and song. On the contrary, the species recorded by only one researcher are a relatively rare or inconspicuous species or was familiar with the personal experiences of each researcher. The number of species recorded by only one researcher totaled fourteen species (36.8 %), and that of two researchers totaled twelve species (31.6 %), and that of three researchers totaled twelve species (31.6 %). The correlations of the number of species among three researchers was not significant in some results, but the sum or maximum count of the number of species was useful to estimate a significant correlation between the result of researchers and the indices of field surveys. As a result of correlation analysis by using sound recordings, the maximum number of species among the three researchers significantly correlated with the number of species, the species diversity index and the species abundance index in the field survey at the same site, however it did not correlate with the number of individuals and species evenness index. As a result of sound analysis collected from the stationary sound recording system; song meter, the number of frequencies in bird songs and calls correlated with the number of species in the field survey at the same site. The number of calls and songs decreased as time went by. Finally, we could test the active time range and change the activity strength by using a sound recording system. In particular, that sound recording system is able to collect data in same time and site, so it is expected so that the equipment not only replenish a shortage of researchers and survey periods in field research in a short term monitoring survey, but also be able to acquire statistical objectivity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.167-185
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to prepare a plan for improving the bird habitat environment of Linear Park. To this end, after grasping the status of bird habitats on the Gyeongchun Line Forest Road, a representative linear park in Seoul, the habitat environment was evaluated and the correlation with the bird habitat was analyzed to derive a plan to improve the habitat environment. The results for correlation between diversity of birds and habitat environment were as follows. For the habitat environment inside the park, the order of positive correlation was in the order of park area (0.92), number of insect species (0.87), green area ratio (0.77), average width of linear park (0.74), Biotope area ratio (0.73), Immigration planted species (0.57). Also, for habitat environment outside the park, the bird diversity was influenced in the order of area outside the park (0.88), green area ratio of the park (0.76). Thus, in order to enhance the diversity of birds found in the park, the bird habitat environment inside the park needs to expand the park area, secure insect diversity, enhance green area ratio and ecological area ratio, expand the width of linear park, and lower the impermeable layer. For the bird habitat environment outside the park, wider area, green area ratio, and forest area of the park influenced on better bird habitation while lower ratio of road space and building-to-land ratio influenced on higher bird diversity. It is necessary to create an environment inhabitable for various species of birds and to make a healthy and pleasant city urban system for co-existence of human and living creatures.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.223-229
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• 2017

This study analyzed the relationship between environmental factors and the temporal changes of the bird populations during the every January from 1999 to 2016 (18 years) in Donglim reservoir. 'Winter Waterbird Census of Korea' data by National Institute of Biological Resources were used for the bird population data, and principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to analyze the changes of annual population. The average temperature of January and the average storage rate of the reservoir were used as environmental factors. According to the results of the study, the population changes in the study area can be explained by the increase and decrease of two water bird groups and a mountain bird group. The average temperature of the years when the population of water bird groups increased was more than $1.4^{\circ}C$ in comparison with the year when mountain birds increased. On the other hand, the influence of the water content was not clear. The visiting of Baikal Teal affected by temperature was a factor affecting the other group of water bird and a mountain bird group. The results of this study suggest that the temperature change affects the global spatial distribution of birds and the migration of large population species such as Baikal Teal affects species composition and populations of birds at local scale. Therefore, understanding of environmental changes at large scale and spatial distribution of species and flock contributes to understand the temporal variation of the bird population at regional or local scales.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.347-356
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• 2010

Forests are being seriously fragmented as a result of land development. Land development with disregard to its subsequent environmental impacts is a primary threat to biodiversity by incurring massive habitat losses and changes in structure and composition of forests. The purpose of this study was to develop the impact assessment model for quantitative distance or degree of disturbance by land developments. This study conducted a survey about structure and composition of forest species to determine degree of impact from land development. The edge effect of forest fragmentation on the number of bird species, population size, and bird diversity was obvious. In particular, the bird diversity sharply declines around the forest edge where intensive land development projects take place. To assess the disturbance of forest species, the factors selected were the bird diversity and the rate of edge species. The impact assessment model about bird diversity was explained by type of forest fragmentation and type of vegetation ($R^2$=0.23, p<0.005). The other model about edge species explained by a distance, type of forest fragmentation, type of vegetation, and width of road ($R^2$=0.34, p<0.001). In order to test the applicability of the model developed in this study, the models was applied to the Samsong housing development in Goyang-si, Gyunggi-do. The impacts of land development on the bird species were reasonably quantified to suggest effective mitigation measure. The impact assessment model developed in this study is useful to assess the magnitude of disturbance of bird species. Particularly, the model could be applied to the current Environmental Impact Assessment practices to predict and quantify the impacts of land developments projects on forest bird species.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.267-281
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• 2012

This paper reviews the flight mechanics and control of birds and bird-size aircraft. It is intended to fill a niche in the current survey literature which focuses primarily on the aerodynamics, flight dynamics and control of insect scale flight. We review the flight mechanics from first principles and summarize some recent results on the stability and control of birds and bird-scale aircraft. Birds spend a considerable portion of their flight in the gliding (i.e., non-flapping) phase. Therefore, we also review the stability and control of gliding flight, and particularly those aspects which are derived from the unique control features of birds.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.185-190
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• 1972

A preliminary survey for classification of coccidia isolated from domestic animals and poultry was broadly conducted by the morphological aspects of the $o{\ddot{o}}cysts$. The number of animals and birds used in this survey were 762 chickens, 30 rabbits, 37 goats, 18 swine, 39 cattle, 8 dogs, 132 ducks, 23 deer and 15 horses. The species classified in each animal and bird were six species in chicken, nine in rabbits, nine in goats, six in swine, six in cattle, one in dogs and negative in ducks, deer and horses. The coccidial species in each animal and bird were as follows: In chicken: Eimeria acervulina, E.maxima, E. mitis, E. necatrix, E. praecox, and E. tenella. In rabbits: Eimeria irresidua, E. magna, E. media, E. neolepolis, E. perforans, E. piriformis and E. stiedae. In goats: Eimeria ahsata, E. arloingi, E. crandalis, E. faurei, E. granulosa, E. intricata, E. ninakohlyakimovae, E. pallida, E. perva. In Swine: Eimeria deblieki, E. perminuta, E. palita, E. scabra, E. scrofae and Isospora suis. In Cattle : Eimeria bovis, E. bukidonensis, E. cylindrica, E ellipsoidalis, E subspherica and E. Zurnii. In dogs: Isospora bigemina.