• 대한간호학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.257-266
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• 2017

Purpose: The aims of this study were to construct a hypothetical structural model which explains premenstrual coping in university students and to test the fitness with collected data. Methods: Participants were 206 unmarried women university students from 3 universities in A and B cities. Data were collected from March 29 until April 30, 2016 using self-report structured questionnaires and were analyzed using IBM SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 18.0. Results: Physiological factor was identified as a significant predictor of premenstrual syndrome (t=6.45, p<.001). This model explained 22.1% of the variance in premenstrual syndrome. Psychological factors (t=-2.49, p=.013) and premenstrual syndrome (t=8.17, p<.001) were identified as significant predictors of premenstrual coping. Also this model explained 30.9% of the variance in premenstrual coping in university students. A physiological factors directly influenced premenstrual syndrome (${\beta}=.41$, p=.012). Premenstrual syndrome (${\beta}=.55$, p=.005) and physiological factor (${\beta}=.23$, p=.015) had significant total effects on premenstrual coping. Physiological factor did not have a direct influence on premenstrual coping, but indirectly affected it (${\beta}=.22$, p=.007). Psychological factors did not have an indirect or total effect on premenstrual coping, but directly affected it (${\beta}=-.17$, p=.036). Conclusion: These findings suggest that strategies to control physiological factors such as menstrual pain should be helpful to improve premenstrual syndrome symptoms. When developing a program to improve premenstrual coping ability and quality of menstrual related health, it is important to consider psychological factors including perceived stress and menstrual attitude and premenstrual syndrome.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.579-586
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• 2013

Purpose: This article provides an update and overview of a nursing research program focused on understanding the pathophysiology and management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods: This review includes English language papers from the United States, Europe, and Asia (e.g., South Korea) from 1999 to 2013. We addressed IBS as a health problem, emerging etiologies, diagnostic and treatment approaches and the importance of a biopsychosocial model. Results: IBS is a chronic, functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and alterations in bowel habit (diarrhea, constipation, mixed). It is a condition for which adults, particularly women ages 20-45, seek health care services in both the United States and South Korea. Clinically, nurses play key roles in symptom prevention and management including designing and implementing approaches to enhance the patients' self-management strategies. Multiple mechanisms are believed to participate in the development and maintenance of IBS symptoms including autonomic nervous system dysregulation, intestinal inflammation, intestinal dysbiosis, dietary intolerances, alterations in emotion regulation, heightened visceral pain sensitivity, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal dysregulation, and dysmotility. Because IBS tends to occur in families, genetic factors may also contribute to the pathophysiology. Patients with IBS often report a number of co-morbid disorders and/or symptoms including poor sleep. Conclusion: The key to planning effective management strategies is to understand the heterogeneity of this disorder. Interventions for IBS include non-pharmacological strategies such as cognitive behavior therapy, relaxation strategies, and exclusion diets.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to identify psychosocial factors associated with smoking cessation attempts among Korean high school students who engage in intermittent and light smoking. Methods: Cross-sectional secondary data derived from the 2018 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey were analyzed within the framework of the biopsychosocial model. The sample comprised 829 high school students who reported current intermittent and light smoking, which was defined as cigarette smoking on 1~29 days in a 30-day period and no more than 10 cigarettes per day. Purposeful selection logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: In total, 71.7% (n=586) of the respondents had tried to stop smoking during the past 12 months. The main result was that respondents who had viewed an anti-smoking advertisement in the past year significantly more smoking cessation attempts than those who had not (adjusted odds ratio=2.59; 95% confidence interval=1.45~4.62, p=.001). Conclusion: To encourage smoking cessation attempts among high school students who engage in intermittent and light smoking, healthcare providers, including school and community nurses, should develop effective interventions using anti-smoking advertisements tailored to adolescents' interests and developmental stage.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with intermittent and light smoking among Korean high school students. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we employed secondary data from the 2015 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey, and used the biopsychosocial model as a framework. The analysis was performed using the data of 2,851 high school students who smoked. We defined intermittent and light smoking as smoking on 1 to 29 days in a 30-day period and no more than 10 cigarettes per day. A logistic regression analysis using the complex samples procedure was conducted. Results: Among all the participants, 1,231 (43.2%) were intermittent and light smokers. Factors significantly predicting intermittent and light smoking were gender and grade (biological factors); subjective stress (psychological factor); and mother's smoking, sibling's smoking and academic achievement (sociocultural factors). Conclusion: In smoking cessation programs, health care providers both at school and in the community should consider the unique biological, psychological, and sociocultural characteristics of intermittent and light smoking behavior among high school students.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2019

Background: As of now, the impact of low back pain (LBP) and its chronic state, chronic low back pain (CLBP), on mental health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has never been investigated among police officers. The present investigation aims at studying this relationship using a biopsychosocial model. Methods: Between May and October 2014, a Web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among Quebec police officers (Quebec, Canada). Mental HRQOL was measured using the role emotional (RE) and the mental health (MH) domains of the SF-12v2 Health Survey. The impact of CLBP on mental HRQOL (as opposed to acute/subacute LBP or no LBP) was studied with a multivariate linear regression model. Results: Of the 3,589 police officers who participated in the study, 1,013 (28.4%) reported CLBP. The mean age of respondents was $38.5{\pm}8.7years$, and 32.0% were females. The RE (44.1/100) and MH (49.0/100) mean scores of the CLBP group were comparable with the scores found in populations suffering from cancer or heart diseases. Compared to officers without LBP, the presence of CLBP was significantly associated with lower RE (${\beta}$: -0.068; p = 0.003) and MH (${\beta}$: -0.062; p = 0.002) scores. These relationships were not found in the acute/subacute LBP group. Conclusion: Our results underscore how frequent CLBP is among police officers and how burdensome it is. Considering the importance of good physical and mental health for this occupational population, police organizations should be aware of this issue and contribute to the efforts toward CLBP prevention and management in the workplace.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.452-459
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between general health condition and biopsychological traits of Sasang typology which determines the disease susceptibility and treatment responses. We had Korean Constitutional Multicenter Bank (KCMB) listed 1156 participants for measuring Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) and Body Mass Index (BMI) for biopsychological traits of each Sasang types as well as Short Form 12 (SF12) for general health status. All the analysis was performed with consideration of gender and age. We analyzed the differences in general health status between Sasang types and the correlation between general health status and biopsychological traits of Sasang typology. We also analyzed how much the selected SF12 subscales can be explained with biopsychosocial characteristics. There were no generaliszable differences among Sasang type groups in SF12, no significant correlation between biopsychological traits and SF12 Physical and Mental Component Summary. We found that there were significant correlations between SPQ-Behavior subscale and SF12 Vitality, and the regression model with SPQ-Behavior, SPQ-Emotionality, age and sex can predict 15.4% of the total variances in SF12 Vitality. We discussed the possibility that the Sasang typology is not a determinant of general health status but a moderator for the susceptibility and response. This study would contribute to the development of Sasang type-specific life nurturing program focusing on the psychological perspectives.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.319-328
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• 2009

측두하악장애(TMD)는 측두하악관절, 저작근 및 주변 구조물과 관련된 많은 임상적 문제들을 포괄하는 집합적인 용어로 정의되어 왔다. 1934년 이비인후과의사인 Costen이 턱 내측과 주변부의 통증 및 관련된 귀 증상이 교합의 변화로 개선되었다고 주장하는 논문을 발간한 이후, 턱관절장애의 진단과 치료는 교합이라는 개념 안에 속해 있었으나, 이에 대한 대부분의 최근 저서들은 교합장애를 더 이상 그 범주에 포함시키지 않고 있다. 측두하악장애 영역에서 교합장애를 배제시키려는 이러한 경향에도 불구하고 측두하악장애와 교합치료와의 유대는 여전히 강력하다. 현재 측두하악장애의 병인에 관한 가장 대중적인 이론들은 사회심리생물학적 모형에 기반을 두고 있으며 따라서, 향후의 치료방식들은 관절 및 근육 통증의 병태생리학적 과정뿐만 아니라, 만성 통증의 사회심리적 측면들까지도 그 대상으로 해야 할 것이다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2022

Objectives: The combination of Harm-Avoidance (HA) and Self-Directedness (SD) of Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) has been reported pivotal for mental health; however its clinical usefulness in integrative medicine has not sufficiently reported. The purpose of this study was to illustrate multi-phasic mental health of subjective satisfaction with life, emotional well-being, and psychopathology, following the HA-SD profile groups. Methods: A total of 527 Korean university students reported HA and SD scores as to render their HA-SD profile, and multi-phasic mental health characteristics using Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) with composite well-being scales of SC (Sum of Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness score) and HI (Happiness Index, subtraction of Negative Affect (NA) score from Positive Affect (PA) score) as standardized. Pearson's correlation was used to report correlation coefficient, and the ANCOVA with age and sex as covariates, to show significant differences in mental health and well-being between the HA-SD profile groups. Results: The HA-SD profile groups showed distinctive multi-phasic mental health characteristics; health related scores of SWLS, PA, SC and HI decreased following the order of hS (low HA and high SD), HS (high HA and high SD), hs (low HA and low SD) and Hs (high HA and low SD) profile groups; however the non-health related scores of NA and BDI showed contrasting order. Conclusions: The HA-SD profile was found to be clinically useful for examining multi-phasic mental health and well-being status, and the TCI may be an imperative personality inventory for integrative medicine.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.49-61
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• 1979

A review of this literature and discussions reveal a development of ideas concerning the elements of nursing models. The elements of a nursing model are the nurses view of the human being, nursing's goal, and nursing activities. It has long been recognized that human beings, at one time or another, require nursing care. Varieties of literature were reviewed in regard to the human being as recipient of nursing care through the theory development in nursing. Florence Nightingale initiated the modern era of nursing and described more clearly man as the recipient of nursing care. She looked at man as responding to the laws of nature whether the person was healthy or sick. Henderson added to Nightingale's concept of man , the recipient of nursing care by emphasizing that man is a whole, complete, and independent being. Her view is further specified by her enumeration of the activities the human being must perform. Johnson has developed a very comprehensive view of man as the recipient of nursing care. Man is a behavioral system which has a tendency to achieve and maintain stability in patterns of functioning. Like Nightingale, Johnson sees that similar patterns occur in both health and illness. Johnson postulates that the whole behavioral system of the human is composed of eight sub-systems: affiliative, achievement, aggressive, dependency, eliminative, ingestive, restorative, sexual. Roger's main contribution to the development of nursing models was her emphasis upon unitary man. She pointed out that man is a unified whole, possessing his own integrity and manifesting characteristics that“are more than and different from the sum of his parts.”Rogers focuses on the life processes of the human and points out that these processes have the following characteristics. Wholeness, openness, unidirectionality, pattern and organization, sentence, and thought. According to Roy, man is a biopsychosocial being in constant interaction with a changing environment. To cope with this changing environment, man has certain innate and acquired mechanisms. Man's ability to respond positively or to adapt, depends upon the degree of the change taking place and the state of the person coping with the change. When she analyzes man as an adaptive organism she further describes man as being composed of four adaptive modes: physiological needs, self-concept, role function, and interdependence. Based on the literary review through the theory development in nursing, general approach by a unified nursing model to a view of the recipient of nursing care may be stated as follows: Man is a unified whole composed of subsystems with a flexible and normal line of defense; his internal regulating mechanisms help him to cope with a changing environment; he functions by the principles of homeodynamics.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 1999

외상성 뇌 손상은 다양한 신경행동학적 후유증을 나타낸다. 불안정한 기분, 무감동증, 공격성, 충동성, 과민성 등을 나타내고 기억력 상실, 집중력 장해, 정보처리 지연, 지남력 감소, 자기인식 결여, 및 문제 해결 능력의 결여 등 인지 기능의 손상을 나타낸다. 이러한 신경행동학적 증상은 직업과 가정을 포함하는 개인의 역할 수행에 다양한 충격을 주고 이는 또한 다양한 정도의 감정적 어려움을 더하게 되어, 이러한 생물학적, 심리적, 사회적 요인들이 우울증을 일으킨다. 외상성 뇌 손상이후의 우울증의 발병률은 주요 우울증이 25~50%, 기분저하 장애가 15~30%로 보고되고 있다. 외상성 뇌 손상이후의 우울증의 양상은 근본적으로는 일반적인 우울증의 양상과 별다른 차이가 없는 것으로 보고된 바 있다. 뇌 손상이후의 시간에 따라 우울증 양상에서의 차이를 보여 첫 6개월에 나타나는 경우에는 불안, 초기 불면증, 기분의 조석 변동, 및 식욕 장애 등이, 그리고 12개월의 경우에는 말기 불면증, 성욕 상실, 집중력 저하 등이 각각 두드러진 것으로 보고된 바 있다. 또한 외상성 뇌 손상이후의 급성 기에 발생하는 우울증은 보다 더 생물학적 원인이 관여하는 것으로, 지연성 우울증의 경우에는 심리적인 요인들이 더 많이 관여하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 좌측전반부 병소와 주요 우울증의 연관성이 여러 연구에서 보고되고 있으며, 특히 불안을 호소하는 우울증은 우반구 병소와 그리고 불안의 호소가 적은 우울증은 좌측 전반부와 연관된다고 보고되었다. 외상성 뇌 손상이후에 우울증을 나타내는 경우의 병리생리학적 변화는 우울증의 원인론과 연관되어 많은 관심을 받고있으나 아직 어떠한 결론을 도출해내기에는 이르다. 치료에는 fluoxetine, desipramine 등 부작용이 적은 항우울제가 선택된다.