• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.9
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• pp.1424-1430
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• 2017

Human senses have been studied widely. Many studied are being actively conducted to analyze correlations between two or more different senses. Among them, research on tactile visuality where a subject can indirectly experience visual sensation through tactile elements is also progressing in various fields. In this study, we analyzed color information by having subjects perceive sandpapers with different roughness through tactile sense, then having them choose a color that is reminiscent of the tactile sensation. Unlike existing tactile-visuality studies allowing the perception of indirect visual sense by using tactile sense, this study shows that it is possible to analyze with quantitative value by representing visual image perceived by tactile sense as a color. This study will contribute to emotional evaluation research that combines two or more of the senses felt by humans, and especially is considered to be useful as basic data when conducting research about tactile visuality or auditory tactile sense.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.323-331
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of performing a cognitive task during treadmill walking on the stride rate variability. Ten university students(age $24.0{\pm}0.25$, height $172{\pm}3.1cm$, weight $66{\pm}5.3kg$) were participated in dual task experiments which consist of both walking alone and walking with a cognitive task. Two-back task was selected for the cognitive task since it did not have learning effect during the experimental procedure.3D motion analysis system was used to measure subject's position data by changing walking speed with 4.8, 5.6, 6.4, 6.8, and 7.2 km/hr. Stride rate was calculated by the time between heel contact and heel contact. Accuracy rate of a cognitive task during walking, coefficient of variance, allometric scaling methods and Fano factor were used to estimated the stride rate variability. As the walking speed increased, accuracy rate decreased and the logarithmic value of Fano factor increased which showed the statistical difference. Thus it can be concluded that the gait control mechanism is distracted by the secondary attention focus which is the cognitive task ie. two-back task. Further study is needed to clarify this by increasing the number of subject and experiment time.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the secondary tasks such as sending text message (STM) and searching navigation (SN) on skin conductance level (SCL) and deviation of vehicle speed during driving. The participants included 30 healthy adults; 14 males aged $25.2{\pm}0.9$ with $1.9{\pm}1.8$ years of driving experiences and 16 females aged $22.6{\pm}1.9$ with $1.2{\pm}0.8$ years of driving experiences. All subjects were instructed to keep a constant speed (80km/h or 100km/h). SCL and deviation of vehicle speed were measured during driving only and driving with secondary tasks. SCL and deviation of vehicle speed were more increased during the driving with secondary tasks than driving only. Secondary tasks increased an activation of sympathetic nerve system and decreased driving performance. However, there were no significant differences in the SCL and deviation of vehicle speed according to gender and speed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.9-15
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the secondary tasks such as sending text message (STM) and searching navigation (SN) on skin conductance level (SCL) and driving performance of relatively aged and high-experienced drivers. The subjects included 26 taxi drivers; 12 males aged $56.3{\pm}4.4$ with $28.4{\pm}6.4$ years of driving experiences and 14 females aged $55.5{\pm}3.5$ with $19.4{\pm}5.0$ years of driving experiences. All subjects were instructed to keep a constant following distance (30m) from the car ahead and a given vehicle speed (80km/h or 100km/h) in a driving simulator. The relative change of SCL, vehicle velocity deviations, and average following distances were measured during driving only and driving with secondary tasks. The relative change of SCL, average following distance, and vehicle velocity deviation were more increased during the driving with secondary tasks than driving only. The relative change of SCL, vehicle velocity deviation, and average following distance were more affected by driving with 100km/hr than 80km/hr of a given vehicle speed. Secondary tasks increased a work load of drivers in term of SCL change, and decreased driving performance in terms of the vehicle velocity deviation and average following distance.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.403-408
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the secondary tasks such as sending text message(STM) and searching navigation(SN) on vehicle speed and distance during driving and brake response time during unexpected situation using a driving simulator. The participants included 19 college students; 9 males aged $25.2{\pm}1.0$ with $2.4{\pm}2.0years$ of driving experiences and 10 females aged $21.4{\pm}0.5$ with $1.3{\pm}0.5years$ of driving experiences. All subjects were instructed to keep a certain distance(30m) from the car ahead and a constant speed(100km/h). Average speed and average following distance were measured during 10 seconds before unexpected situation. Also, brake response time after unexpected situation was measured. Average speed was more decreased and average following distance was more increased during the driving with secondary tasks than driving only. Male maintained the assigned speed and distance better than female. The brake response time was faster during driving only than the driving with secondary tasks. And the brake response time of male was shorter than that of female.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.18-22
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigated correlation between personal aggression and skin conductance level during watching attack image. Twenty three male ($21.4\pm1.8$ years) college students participated in this experiment. A personal aggression of each subject measured by questionnaire. The experimental procedure consisted of four phases, i.e., rest state (15 min), control image 1 (2 min. 14 sec), aggression image (50 sec), and control image 2 (2 min. 14 sec). Control image 1 and 2 consisted of sea, mountain, and valley scenary. Aggression image used scenes of the violence movie. Skin Conductance Level (SCL) of electrothermal activity was measured during watching the images. The SCL was greater during aggression image than during control image 1 and 2. A negative correlation was found between aggressive personality and change rate of SCL during watching aggression image compared to control image 1. This results suggests that aggression image was accompanied by the higher activation of Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS). Also, the higher aggression scores, an increasing rate of SNS activation was become smaller during watching aggression image.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.77-77
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• 2006

• Proceedings of the KSLP Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.88-88
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• 2017

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.613-620
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the effects of the secondary task while simulated driving using the variable indicating control of vehicle and smoothness of motion. Fifteen healthy adults having 1~2years driving experience were participated. 9 markers were attached on the subjects' upper(shoulder, elbow, Wrist) and lower(knee, ankle, toe) limbs and all subjects were instructed to keep the 30m distance with the front vehicle running at 80km/hr speed. Sending text message(STM) and searching navigation(SN) were selected as the secondary task. Experiment consisted of driving alone for 1 min and driving with secondary task for 1 min, and was defined driving and cognition blocks respectively. To indicate the effects of secondary task, coefficient of variation of distance between vehicles and lane keeping(APCV and MLCV) and jerk-cost function(JC) were analyzed. APCV was increased by 222.1% in SN block. MLCV was increased by 318.2% in STM and 308.4% in SN. JC were increased at the drivers' elbow, knee, ankle and toe, especially the total mean JC of lower limbs were increased by 218.2% in STM and 294.7% in SN. Conclusively, Performing secondary tasks while driving decreased the smoothness of motion with increased JC and disturbed the control of vehicle with increased APCV and MLCV.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1997 no.05
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• pp.207-210
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• 1997