• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 1981

In order to investigate biomass yield of one-year-old hyblrid poplars, Pripulusalba x P. glandulosa $F_1$ and Populus nigra var. italica x P. maximowiczii $F_1$clones, as energy and fiber resources, dry matter yield, leaf area, leaf area index, dry matter production ability, specific gravity and fiber length and width were measured. Dry matter yield was 1.89 ton/ha for Poplus alba x P. glandulosa $F_1$ and 3.63 ton/ha for Populus nigra via.italica x P. merximowiczii $F_1$ clones in the planting density of 20,000 trees/ha and in the planting density of 40,000 trees/ha was 3.87 ton/ha for Populus alba x P. glandulosa $F_1$and 5.64 ton/ha for Populus nigra var. italica x P. maximowiczii $F_1$ clones. Leaf area index was 1.24mtim2 in the planting density of 20,000 trees/ha and 2.45 m31m3 in the density of 40,000 trees/ha for Populus alba x P. glandulosa $F_1$ clones and it was 1.96 m21m2 in the planting density of 20,000 trees/ha and 3.36 m21m2 in the density of 40,000 trees/ha for the hybrid $F_1$ Populus nigra var. italica x P. maximowiczii clones. The average specific gravity of the hybrid poplars was 0..36 when bark and pith were included and 0.31 when bark and pith were removed in the plot of 20,000 trees/ha and in the 40,000 trees/ha plot showed 0.35 and 0.31 respectively, for Populus alba x P. glandulosa $F_1$clones. It was 0.36 when bark and pith were included and 0.32 when bark and pith were removed in the 20,000 trees/ha plot and in the 40,000 trees/ha plot was 0.34 and 0.31 respectively for Populus nigra var. italica x P. maximowiczii $F_1$clones. The average fiber length was 0.57 mm in the 20,000 trees/ha plot and 0.58 mm in the 40,000 trees/ha plot for Poplus alba x P. glandulosa $F_1$clones and was 0.60 in both plots of 20,000 trees/ha and 40,000 trees/ha for Populus nigra var. italica x P. maximowiczii $F_1$ clones. There is a big clonal variation among those clones studied, showing high selection potential in both species.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.91-106
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• 2021

Daily PM_2.5 was collected during summer period in 2020 in Gwangju to investigate its chemical and light absorption properties. In addition, real-time light absorption coefficients were observed using a dual-spot 7-wavelength aethalometer. During the study period, SO₄^2- was the most important contributor to PM_2.5, accounting for on average 33% (10-64%) of PM_2.5. The chemical form of SO₄^2- was appeared to be combination of 70% (NH₄)₂SO₄ and 30% NH₄HSO₄. Concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis indicated that SO₄^2- particles were dominated by local pollution, rather than regional transport from China. A combination of aethalometer-based and water-extracted brown carbon (BrC) absorption indicated that light absorption of BrC due to aerosol particles was 1.6 times higher than that due to water-soluble BrC, but the opposite result was found in absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) values. Lower AAE value by aerosol BrC particles was due to the light absorption of aerosol BrC by both water-soluble and insoluble organic aerosols. The BrC light absorption was also influenced by both primary sources (e.g., traffic and biomass burning emissions) and secondary organic aerosol formation. Finally the ATR-FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of NH₄⁺, C-H groups, SO₄^2-, and HSO₄^2-. The presence of HSO₄^2- supports the result of the estimated composition ratio of inorganic sulfate ((NH₄)₂SO₄) and bisulfate (NH₄HSO₄).

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.255-258
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• 2022

As environmental pollution continues, attention on renewable energy is on the constant rise in recent days. Although various kinds of renewable energy such as solar, wind power and biomass energy have been generated in Jeju, opening and analyzing cases on related data seem insufficient. Therefore, this study is being conducted to deduce the variables which have high relation with solar panel&s output and to understand machine learning methods that can be applied to solar power generation data by utilizing Kaggle platform, which is actively used by a number of scientists. Then, it is planned to propose a form of solar power generation dataset by researching machine learning methods that could be applied to the data. To be specific, analyzing solar power generation data with the Kaggle platform, this study will provide complements on gathering solar power data in Jeju. This study is anticipated to be utilized on data analysis for developing the solar power industry in Jeju. That is, this study is expected to reveal the room for improvement inherent in existing open datasets in Jeju, so that they could be constructed in a suitable form for machine learning for AI analytics. Through this process, a method to increase efficiency of solar power generation is anticipated to be prepared.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.357-370
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• 1982

Recent concern regarding price and availability of fossil fuels has spurred the interest in alternative sources for farm crop drying. Among the available options such as biomass energy, wind power, nuclear energy and solar energy etc., the increasing attention is being directed to the utilization of heat from solar energy especially for farm crop drying. Even though solar energy is dispersed over a large land area and only a relatively small amount of energy can be simply collected, the advantages of solar energy is that the energy is free, non-polluting. The study reported here was designed to help supply the informations for the development of simple and relatively inexpensive solar warehouse for farm crop drying and storage. Specifically, the objectives of this study were to determine the performance of the solar collector fabricated, to compare solar supplemented heat drying with natural air drying and to develop a simulation model of temperature in stored grain, which can be used to study the effects due to changes in ambient air temperature. For those above objectives, solar collector was fabricated from available materials. Corrugated steel galvanized sheet, painted flat black, was used as absorbers and clear 0.2mm polyethylene sheet was the cover material. The warehouse for rough rice drying and storage was constructed with concrete block, and the solar collector was used as the roof of warehouse instead of original roofing system of it. The results obtained in this study were as follows: 1. The thermal efficiency of the solar collector was average 26 percent and the overall heat transfer coefficient of the collector was approximately $25kJ/hr.m^2\;^{\circ}K$. 2. Solar heated air was sufficient to dry one cubic meter of rough rice from 23.5 to 15.0 percent in 7 days and natural air was able to dry the same amount of rough rice from 20.0 to 5 percent in l2 days. 3. Drying with solar heat reduced the required drying time to dry the same amount of rough rice into a half compared to natural air drying, but overdrying problems of the bottom layer were so severe that these problems should be thoroughly analyzed. 4. Simulation model of temperature in stored grain was developed and the results of predicted temperature agreed well with test results. 5. Based on those simulated temperature, changes in the grain-temperature were a large at the points of the wallside and the damage of the grain would be severe at the contact area of wall.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2017

Microbes in forest are very important due to not only to enhance soil fertility but also maintain a healthy ecosystem by supplying the energy available to living organisms by producing various kinds of enzymes related to degradation of lignocellulosic biomass. In order to isolate a lignocellulosic biomass degrading bacterial strain from the Jurassic park located in Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, We used the Luria-Bertani-Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) agar trypan blue method containing 0.4 % carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.01 % trypan blue. As a result, we isolated a bacterial strain showing both activity on the CMC and xylan. To identify the isolated strain, 16S rRNA sequencing and API kit analysis were used. The isolated strain turned out to belong to Bacillus species and then named Bacillus sp. GJY. In the CMC zymogram analysis, it showed that one active band of about 28kDa in size is present. Xylan zymogram analysis also showed to have one active band of about 25kDa in size. The optimal growth temperature of Bacillus sp. GJY was $37^{\circ}C$. The maximal activities of CMCase and xylanase were 12 hour after incubation. The optimal pH and temperature for CMCase were 5.0 and $40^{\circ}C$, respectively, whereas the optimal pH and temperature for xylanase was 4.0 and $40^{\circ}C$. Both activities for CMCase and xylanase showed to be thermally stable at 40and $50^{\circ}C$, while both activities rapidly decreased at over $60^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.210-220
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• 2019

Population growth and the increase of energy consumption due to civilization caused global warming. Temperature on the Earth rose about $0.7^{\circ}C$ for the last 100 years, the rate is accelerated since 2000. Temperature is a factor, which determines physiological action, growth and development, survival, etc. of the plant together with light intensity and precipitation. Therefore, it is expected that global warming would affect broadly geographic distribution of the plant as well as structure and function ecosystem. In order to understand the effect of global warming on the ecosystem, a study about the effect of temperature rise on germination and growth in the plant is required necessarily. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of experimental warming on the germination and growth of two oak species(Quercus mongolica and Q. serrata) in temperature gradient chamber(TGC). This study was conducted in control, medium warming treatment($+1.7^{\circ}C$; Tm), and high warming treatment ($+3.2^{\circ}C$; Th) conditions. The final germination percentage, mean germination time and germination rate of two oak species increased by the warming treatment, and the increase in Q. serrata was higher than that in Q. mongolica. Root collar diameter, seedling height, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, root dry weight, and total biomass were the highest in Tm treatment. Butthey were not significantly different in the Th treatment. In the Th treatment, Q. serrata had significantly higher H/D ratio, S/R ratio, and low root mass ratio (RMR) compared with control plot. Q. mongolica had lower RMR and higher S/R ratio in the Tm and Th treatments compared with control plot. Therefore, growth of Q. mongolica are expected to be more vulnerable to warming than that of Q. serrata. The main findings of this study, species-specific responses to experimental warming, could be applied to predict ecosystem changes from global warming. From the result of this study, we could deduce that temperature rise would increase germination of Q. serrata and Q. mongolica and consequently contribute to increase establishment rate in the early growth stage of the plants. But we have to consider diverse variables to understand properly the effects that global warming influences germination in natural condition. Treatment of global warming in the medium level increased the growth and the biomass of both Q. serrata and Q. mongolica. But the result of treatment in the high level showed different aspects. In particular, Q. mongolica, which grows in cooler zones of higher elevation on mountains or northward in latitude, responded more sensitively. Synthesized the results mentioned above, continuous global warming would function in stable establishment of both plants unfavorably. Compared the responses of both sample plants on temperature rise, Q. serrata increased germination rate more than Q. mongolica and Q. mongolica responded more sensitively than Q. serrata in biomass allocation with the increase of temperature. It was estimated that these results would due to a difference of microclimate originated from the spatial distribution of both plants.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1509-1517
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• 2013

So far, most studies associated with soil carbon sequestration have been focused on long term aspect. However, information regarding soil carbon sequestration in short term aspect is limited. This study was conducted to determine changes of soil organic carbon content and stability of carbon in response to compost application rate and tillage management during rice growing season(150 days) in short term aspect. Under pot experiment condition, compost was mixed with an arable soil at rates corresponding to 0, 6, 12, and 24 Mg/ha. To determine effect of tillage on soil carbon sequestration, till and no-till treatments were set up in soils amended with application rate of 12 Mg/ha. Compost application and tillage management did not significantly affect soil organic carbon(SOC) content in soil at harvest time. Bulk density of soil was not changed significantly with compost application and tillage management. These might result from short duration of experiment. While hot water extractable organic carbon(HWEOC) content decreased with compost application, humic substances(HS) increased. Below ground biomass of rice increased with application of compost and till operation. From the above results, continuos application of compost and reduce tillage might improve increase in soil organic carbon content and stability of carbon in long term aspect.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.250.2-250.2
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• 2010

빛과 공기 중의 이산화탄소를 고정화하여 생성되는 바이오매스(biomass)로부터 다양한 에너지 및 물질을 생산하는 연구는 석유고갈과 환경문제 해결의 한 방안으로서 활발히 진행되어 왔으며, 앞으로도 그 지속 가능성과 환경 친화성에 의해 바이오에너지 이용 및 보급은 꾸준한 증가세를 보일 것으로 전망된다. 바이오디젤, 바이오에탄올의 경우는 미국, 브라질, EU, 한국 등에서 상용화되어 사용되고 있으며 그 생산량이 계속적으로 증가하고 있다. 하지만, 바이오연료의 보급 증가는 식량 자원과의 충돌과 열대우림 파괴 등의 부작용을 일으키고 있다. 이러한 문제 해결의 일환으로 단위면적당 생산성이 대두, 유채보다 월등한 것으로 보고되는 미세조류에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있으며 우수 미세조류종 개발, 미세조류 고속배양 및 수확, 미세조류로부터 에너지 및 유용물질, 소재 생산에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 미세조류로부터 바이오디젤 원료유를 생산하기 위해 Soxhlet을 이용한 추출 방법을 이용하였다. 추출되는 오일은 사용 용매의 극성에 따라 물성과 추출 효율에 차이가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 강한 극성의 용매일 경우, 엽록소와 단백질이 같이 추출되는 문제가 있으며 약한 극성 용매는 세포벽의 방해로 용매가 세포내부로 흡수되지 못하는 문제가 있다. 추출 효율이 높은 극성용매의 경우 불순물을 제거해야 고순도의 바이오디젤의 생산이 가능하고 비극성 용매는 추출 오일의 물성은 좋으나 수율이 매우 낮게 측정되었다. 이러한 동시추출을 방지함과 동시에 추출 효율을 높이기 위해 본 연구에서는 세포벽 파괴 후 용매추출하는 방법으로서 미세조류를 Microwave에 노출시켜 오일 추출율을 증가시키는 전처리 연구를 수행하였다. 전처리시, Microwave에 의한 열 발생은 미세조류를 탄화시키기 때문에 열매체로서 물을 혼합하여 탄화를 방지하고 세포벽 내외부의 가열효과로 세포벽을 파괴하고자 하였다. Microwave에 의한 에너지 손실을 줄이며 세포벽 파괴에 효과적인 수분혼합비를 조사하였으며 Microwave에 노출 후 잔류수분을 건조하고 효율적으로 용매를 접촉시키기 위해 분쇄를 수행하였다. 모든 전처리 반응을 거친 미세조류에서 약 2배 증가된 추출수율을 얻을 수 있었으며, SEM을 통해 전처리 미세조류와 미전처리 미세조류를 분석해본 결과 전처리 미세조류의 다공성이 증가함을 확인하였다. 또한, 90%의 메탄올에 미세조류를 녹여 엽록소 함유량을 측정한 결과, 전처리 미세조류의 엽록소가 미전처리 미세조류보다 약 7배가량 감소함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.821-825
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• 2014

Steam gasification of sawdust char was performed in a thermobalance reactor at high temperature. Gasification temperature was changed from $850^{\circ}C$ to $1400^{\circ}C$ and steam partial pressure was 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 atm. Three models of gas-solid reaction were applied to the reaction kinetics analysis and modified volumetric model was an appropriate model. Reaction control regime and diffusion control regime were distinct depending on the temperature. Apparent activation energy and pre-exponential factors for both of the regimes were evaluated and the effects of steam partial pressure were examined. $H_2$ concentration in the produced gas was two times higher than that of CO due to the gasification accompanying by the water gas shift reaction.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.255-265
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• 2013

This study was conducted to determine the extent of drought resistance based on physiological responses of Calystegia soldanella under water deficit. In order to investigate the changes of plant growth, stomatal density, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid, osmolality, total ion contents, the contents of carbohydrate and proline, C. soldanella was grown under well watered and drought stressed conditions for 12 days. In this study, water-deficit resulted in remarkable growth inhibition of C. soldanella. The effect of water-deficit on plant growth was associated with low osmotic potential of soil. On day 12 after drought treatment, dry weight, relative water contents, number and area of leaves and stem length were lower than those of control. The stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate were significantly reduced in water stressed plant to regulate inner water contents and $CO_2$ exchange through the stomatal pore. Chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll contents were not different in comparison with the control, indicating that the efficiency of photosystem II was not affected by drought stress. This results could be explained that water-deficit in C. soldanella limits the photosynthetic rate and reduces the plant's ability to convert energy to biomass. A significant increase in total ion contents and osmolality was observed on day 7 and day 12. Accumulation of proline in leaves is associated with the osmotic adjustment in C. soldanella to soil water-deficit. Consequently, this increase in osmolality in water stressed plant can be a result in the increase of ion contents and proline.