• 임산에너지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.92-99
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• 1999

임분밀도에 따른 소나무림의 biomass생산량, 밀도변화에 따른 임목의 부위별 biomass배분특성 및 교목, 관목, 초본 등 수직층위별 biomass의 분포특성을 파악하고자 중국 백두산 동북부 지역 소나무 천연림에서 연구를 수행하였다. 임분의 밀도를 5등급으로 나누어 각각 교목층, 관목층, 초본층별로 biomass량을 추정하였다. 교목층에서 부위별로 교목층 소나무 biomass량 추정식을 유도한 결과 줄기,수피 및 지상부 전체 biomass량의 경우, logW=a＋blog(D2H)＋c(D2H)식의 적합도가 높게 나타났고 가지, 침엽의 biomass량 및 엽면적의 경우, logW=a＋blogD＋cDtlr의 적합도가 높게 나타났다. 밀도가 증가함에 따라 교목층의 biomass량은 증가하였고 관목과 초본층의 biomass량은 감소하는 추이를 나타내었다. 소나무 천연림내 교목층 임목의 부위별 순생산량은 밀도가 증가함에 따라 모두 증가하였다. 침엽이 지상부 전체 biomass 순생산량 중 차지하는 비율은 밀도가 증가함에 따라 감소함으로써 침엽의 교목층 지상부 biomass량에 대한 생산성은 증가하였다. 밀도가 다른 소나무천연림에서 부위별 순생산량은 모두 줄기>침엽>가지>수피 순이었다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2013

The study of carbonaceous aerosols in the atmosphere is critical to understand the role of aerosols in human health and climate. Using standardized thermal optical transmittance methods, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) were determined using a combustion sampling system for four types of agricultural crop residues (rice straw, red pepper stems, soybean stems, and green perilla stems) and eight types of forest trees (pine stems, pine needles, ginkgo stems, ginkgo leaves, maple stems, maple leaves, cherry stems, and cherry leaves). The aerosol particles between 0.056 and $5.6{\mu}m$ in size were analyzed using a Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI). In the current study, the Carbonaceous Thermal Distribution (CTD) by carbon analyzer was discussed in order to understand the carbon fractions from the twelve types of biomass burning. Also, the concentration of OC, EC, WSOC, and water insoluble organic carbon (WIOC) detected in the emissions were described.

• 생태와환경
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• 제33권2호통권90호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2000

Miceocystis aeruginosa에 의한 심한 수화가 발생한 1996년 여름동안 공산호에서 식물플랑크톤의 일수직분포와 물리.화학적 요인을 조사하였다. 최대 현존량은 M. aeruginosa가 우점으로 나타난 표층에서 나타났으며, 수심에 따라 점차 감소하였다. M. aeruginosa개체군의 높은 밀도가 이른 아침과 저녁에 표층에 축척되었으나 일몰 후에 급격히 감소하였다. 현존량의 대부분은 수심 5m 내에 분포하였고, 현존량의 일변화가 표층에서 명확하게 나타났으나 수직이동은 나타나지 않았다. 표층에서 현존량의 일변화는 바람에 의한 수평적 이동의 결과로 추측되었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.757-761
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• 2003

Spatial distribution and biomass of commercial shellfish were investigated in the Saemangeum tidal flat on the west coast of Korea during August 1999. Thirteen species of shellifsh were collected. Major dominant species of the study area were Umbonium thomasi with a density of $6.7\;ind.{\cdot}m^{-2}\;(38.2\%)$, Mactra veneriformis with $6.6\;ind.{\cdot}m^{-2}\;(37.4\%)$ and Reticunassa festiva with $1.3\;ind.{\cdot}m^{-2}\;(7.2\%)$. Commercially important species such as M. veneriformis ($90.7\;ind.{\cdot}m^{-2}\;69.3\%$), M. lusoria ($15.6\;ind.{\cdot}m^{-2}\;11.9\%)$), C. sinensis ($8.7\;ind.{\cdot}m^{-2}\;6.7\%)$) were dominant in total weight. Most of the shellfish were distributed between the mid-littoral and sub-littoral zones, but C. sinensis and L. flexuosa were distributed mainly in the polluted areas of the supra-littoral zone. The spatial distribution pattern of each shellifsh species generally resembles the Mangyeong and Dongjin estuary. Biomass of commercially important species, M. veneriformis, M. lusoria, C. sinensis and Ruditapes philippinarum in the tidal flat (ca. 850 ha) was estimated to be 774, 135, 67 and 10 tons, respectively.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제86권2호
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• pp.208-213
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• 1997

산림자원 관리에 필요한 정보를 얻기 위하여 우리나라의 주요 수종인 참나무류(Quercus spp), 낙엽송(Larix leptolepis) 및 잣나무(Pinus koraiensis)에 대해 경기도 광주지방에서 수형특성, 물질분배량 및 재적 생장량을 측정하였다. 수형특성으로서는 잣나무가 수관비율 및 수관확장비가 높게 나타났으며 참나무류도 수관비율이 높게 나타나 양수임을 나타냈다. 기관별 물질분배는 줄기의 경우 밑에서 위로 갈수록 감소하였으며 이러한 감소율은 낙엽송보다 잣나무 및 참나무류가 높게 나타났다. 가지 및 엽은 세 수종 모두 정규분포 특성을 보였으나 가지보다는 엽이 더 높은 정규분포 특성을 나타내었고 수종별로는 참나무류보다 잣나무, 낙엽송이 높게 나타났다. 세 임분의 물질현존량은 낙엽송림, 잣나무림, 참나무림의 순으로 각각 171.1ton/ha, 75.3ton/ha, 61.6ton/ha로 나타났다. 이에 따라 참나무류 및 잣나무림은 초기밀도를 높여줌으로서 biomass 생산 증진뿐만 아니라 수간형질 개선을 높일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권5호
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• pp.591-601
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• 2007

Spatial information on forest biomass is an important factor to evaluate the capability of forest as a carbon sequestrator and is a core independent variable required to drive models which describe ecological processes such as carbon budget, hydrological budget, and energy flow. The objective of this study is to understand the relationship between satellite image and field data, and to quantitatively estimate and map the spatial distribution of forest biomass. Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) derived vegetation indices and field survey data were applied to estimate the biomass distribution of mountainous forest located in Gwangneung Experimental Forest (230 ha). Field survey data collected from the ground plots were used as the dependent variable, forest biomass, while satellite image reflectance data (Band 1~5 and Band 7), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), and RVI (Ratio Vegetation Index) were used as the independent variables. The mean and total biomass of Gwangneung catchment area were estimated to be about 229.5 ton/ha and $52.8{\times}10^3$ tons respectively. Regression analysis revealed significant relationships between the measured biomass and Landsat derived variables in both of deciduous forest ($R^2=0.76$, P < 0.05) and coniferous forest ($R^2=0.75$, P < 0.05). However, there still exist many uncertainties in the estimation of forest ecosystem parameters based on vegetation remote sensing. Developing remote sensing techniques with adequate filed survey data over a long period are expected to increase the estimation accuracy of spatial information of the forest ecosystem.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.234-242
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Cultivation of winter cover crops is strongly recommended to increase land utilization efficiency, animal feeding material self-production, and to improve soil and environmental quality. METHODS AND RESULTS: Four major winter crops (barley, Chinese milk vetch, hairy vetch, and rye) having different C/N ratio were seeded in silt loam paddy soil in the November 2007 and the aboveground biomass was harvested on the late May 2008 to evaluate its effectiveness as green manure, and root biomass distribution was characterized at the different depth (0-60 cm) to study its effect on physical properties and carbon sequestration in soil. During this experiment, the naturally growing weed in the rice paddy soil in Korea, short awn foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis Sobol), was considered as control treatment. Above-ground biomass of all cover crops selected was significantly higher than that of the control treatment (2.8 Mg/ha). Comparatively higher above-ground biomass productivity of rye and barley (15.8 and 13.5 Mg/ha, respectively) suggested that these cover crops possibly had the highest potential as a green manure and animal feeding material. Root biomass production of different cover crops followed the same trend as that for their above ground biomass. Rye (Secale cereal) might have the highest potential for soil C accumulation (7893 C kg/ha) by root biomass development, and then followed by barley (6985 C kg/ha), hairy vetch (6467 C kg/ha), Chinese milk vetch (6671 C kg/ha), and control (5791 C kg/ha). CONCLUSION(s): Cover crops like rye and barley having high biomass productivity might be the most effective winter cover crops to increase organic carbon distribution in different soil aggregates which might be beneficial to improve soil structure, aeration etc. and C sequestration.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권2호
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• pp.204-212
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• 2010

This study was performed in 22 unthinned Larix olgensis plantations in northeast China. Data were collected on 95 sample trees of different canopy positions and the diameter at breast height ($d_{1.3}$) ranged from 5.7 cm to 40.2 cm. The individual tree models for the prediction of vertical distribution of live crown, branch and needle biomass were built. Our study showed that the crown, branch and needle biomass distributions were most in the location of 60% crown length. These results were also parallel to previous crown studies. The cumulative relative biomass of live crown, branch and needle were fitted by the sigmoid shape curve and the fitting results were quite well. Meanwhile, we developed the crown ratio and width models. Tree height was the most important predictor for crown ratio model. A negative competition factor, ccf and bas which reflected the effect of suppression on a tree, reduced the crown ratio estimates. The height-diameter ratio was a significant predictor. The higher the height-diameter ratio, the higher crown ratio is. Diameter at breast height is the strongest predictor in crown width model. The models can be used for the planning of harvesting operations, for the selection of feasible harvesting methods, and for the estimation of nutrient removals of different harvesting practices.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2012

A total of 45 Pinus sylvestnis var. mongolica trees from 9 plots in northeast China were destructively sampled to develop aboveground prediction equations for inventory application. Sampling plots covered a range of stand ages (12-47-years-old) and densities (450-3,840/ha). The distribution of aboveground biomass of whole-trees and tree component (stems, branches and leaves) of individual trees were studied and 4 equations were developed as functions of diameter at breast height (DBH), total height (HT). All the equations have good estimation effect with high prediction precision over 90%. Forest biomass was estimated based on the individual biomass prediction equations. It was found forest biomass of all organs increased with the increasing of stand age and density. And the period of 45-50 years was the suitable harvest time for Pinus sylvesris plantation.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.121-124
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• 2006

Argo drifters provide information of the vertical structure in the water column and have a potential for the improvement of understanding phytoplankton primary production and biogeochemical cycles in combination with ocean color satellite data, which can obtain the horizontal distribution of phytoplankton biomass in the surface layer. Our examples show that using Argo drifters with satellite-measured horizontal distribution of phytoplankton biomass at the sea surface allow an improved understanding of the development of the spring bloom. The other possible uses of Argo drifter are discussed.