• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.46-50
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• 2007

하늘타리 (Trichosanthes kirilowii)로부터 조직배양 기법을 이용하여 약리작용을 나타내는 생리활성물질인 trichosantin을 생산하기 위한 연구로 Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC15834 의 감염을 통하여 기내 배양된 유묘의 잎절편으로부터 형질전환 모상근을 유도하였다. 유도된 모상근 clones으로부터 성장속도와 분지화 정도가 빠르며 단백질 합성능이 가장 우수한 TR-03 clones을 선발하였으며, 이를 사용하여 생체량과 배지내 가용성 단백질의 생산을 최대로 높일 수 있는 최적 배양조건을 조사하였다. TR-03 clone을 4% sucrose가 첨가된 MS 배지에 초기 접종농도 2 g (생중량)을 접종하여 100 rpm으로 배양시 생중량과 배지내 가용성 총단백질의 함량이 플라스크당 약 2.4 g (건중량)과 $28.3ug/\ell$으로 최대치를 나타내었다. 한편, 배지내 가용성 단백질에 대한 RIP활성 검정에서 배양 4주 후 21.3 unit로 최대치를 보였다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.324-329
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• 2020

Reed (Phragmites spp.) is a rhizomatous plant of the Poaceae family and is known as high tolerant plant to heavy metal contaminants. This plant is widely recognized as a Cd root-accumulator, but improved heavy metal tolerance and uptake capacity are still required for phytoremediation efficiency. To enhance capacity of hyperaccumulator plants, ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) as chemical mutagen has been introduced and applied to remediation approaches. This study aimed to select EMS-mutagenized reeds representing high Cd resistance and large biomass and to investigate their ability of Cd accumulation. After 6 months cultivation of M₂ mutant reeds under Cd stress conditions (up to 1,500 µM), we discovered seven mutant individuals that showed good performances like survivorship, vitality, and high accumulation of Cd, particularly in their roots. Compared to wild type (WT) reeds as control, on average, dry weight of mutant type (MT) reeds was larger by 2 and 1.5 times in roots and shoots, respectively. In addition, these mutant plants accumulated 6 times more Cd, mostly in the roots. In particular, MT8 reeds showed the greatest ability to accumulate Cd. These results suggest that EMS mutagenesis could generate hyperaccumulator plants with enhanced Cd tolerance and biomass, thereby contributing to improvement of phytoremediation efficiency in Cd-contaminated soil or wastewater. Further studies should focus on identifying Cd tolerance mechanisms of such EMS-mutagenized plants, developing techniques for its biomass production, and investigating the practical potential of the EMS mutants for phytoremediation.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.365-371
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• 1994

포도당의 초기농도 10, 20, 25, 30, 40, $50g/\ell$와 $NH_4Cl$의 초기농도 0.33, 0.4, 0.5, 1.5, 3, $50g/\ell$ 의 조 합으로 형성된 발효배지를 사용하여 탄소원과 질소 원의 초기 조성비 C/N이 각종 발효 변수의 수율 및 PHB 축적량에 마치는 영향을 규명하여 보았다. 탄소원의 소비량에 대한 균체 수율 $Y_{X/X}$는 C/N비가 증가함에 따라 대단히 완만하게 감소하였으며 C/N비 70 이상에서는 일정한 값 0.35( g cell biomassl g glucose)를 나타내였다. 잔여균체 수율 $Y_{RX/S}$C/N비가 증가하면 감소하며 C/N비 65 이상에서는 일정한 값 0.065( g residual biomassl g glucose)를 나타내였다. 그러나 PHB의 수율 $Y_{PHB/S}$는 C/N비의 증가에 따라 상승하여 C/N비 40 내지 60 사이에서 최대수율 0.35( g PHB/g glucose)를 나타내었다. 균체증가량에 대한 PHB의 생성수율 $Y_{PHB/S}$는 C/N비의 증가에 따라 증가하나 C/N비 70 이상에셔는 일정한 값 0.83( g PHB/g cell mass)을 유지하였다. 또한 잔여균체량에 대한 PHB의 생성수율도 C/N비 의 증가에 따라 증가하였으며 탄소원이 더이상 소모 되지 않는 상태에셔의 건조균체량에 대한 PHB 축 적률은 C/N비에 따라 상승하여 최대값 81%에 도 달하였다. 이 경우에 대한 C/N값은 67 근방이었으 며 이 이상의 C/N비에 대한 PHB의 축적률은 81% 로 일정하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1143-1153
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• 2016

Plant biomass, photosystem II (PSII) photochemical activity, photosynthetic function, and zinc (Zn) accumulation were investigated in a sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor ${\times}$ S. sudanense) exposed to various Zn concentrations to determine the elimination capacity of Zn from soils. Plant growth and biomass of the sorghum-sudangrass hybrid decreased with increasing Zn concentration. Symptoms of Zn toxicity, i.e., withering and discoloration of old leaves, were found at Zn concentrations over 800 ppm. PSII photochemical activity, as indicated by the values of $F_v/F_m$ and $F_v/F_o$, decreased significantly three days after exposure to Zn concentrations of 800 ppm or more. Photosynthetic $CO_2$ fixation rate (A) was high between Zn concentrations of 100-200 ppm ($22.5{\mu}mol$ $CO_2{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$), but it declined as Zn concentration increased. At Zn concentrations of 800 and 1600 ppm, A was 14.1 and $1.8{\mu}mol$ $CO_2{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, respectively. The patterns of stomatal conductance ($g_s$), transpiration rate (E), and water use efficiency (WUE) were all similar to that of photosynthetic $CO_2$ fixation rate, except for dark respiration ($R_d$), which showed an opposite pattern. Zn was accumulated in both above- and below-ground parts of plants, but was more in the below-ground parts. Magnesium (Mg) and iron (Fe) concentrations were significantly low in the leaves of plants, and symptoms of Mg or Fe deficiency, such as a decrease in the SPAD value, were found when plants were treated with Zn concentrations above 800 ppm. These results suggest that the sorghum-sudangrass hybrid is able to accumulate Zn to high level in plant body and eliminate it with its rapid growth and high biomass yield.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.268-272
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• 2013

본 연구는 보리-헤어리베치 단파 및 혼파가 녹비생산량과 벼 재배시 무기질 비료 대체 효과를 평가하기 위해 실시되었다. 보리-헤어리베치 혼파를 통한 녹비생산량은 보리 75% + 헤어리베치 25% 혼파구에서 8.07 Mg/ha로 가장 높게 나타났다. 그리고 녹비생산을 통한 질소 축적량도 녹비 생산량이 가장 높은 보리 75% + 헤어리베치 25% 처리구에서 131 kg/ha로 가장 높게 나타났다. 혼파처리구의 전체 biomass 생산량 중에서 헤어리베치가 차지하는 비율이 증가할수록 보리 중 질소 함량은 증가되었다. 녹비재배 후 전량을 토양에 환원 후 벼 재배를 실시한 결과 혼파구(B75H25, B50H50, B25H75)의 벼 수량은 큰 차이가 없었으며 이는 관행구(NPK) 보다 약 7%의 증수 효과가 있었다. 따라서 보리와 헤어리베치 혼파는 무기질 비료 무시용에 의한 벼 재배가 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.375-384
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• 2000

It is very important to interprete and simulate the variation of phytoplankton maximum region for the prediction and control of red tide. This study was composed of two parts first the hydrodynamic simulation such as residual current and salinity diffusion and second the ecological simulation such as phytoplankton distribution according to freshwater discharge and pollutant loads. Without the Nakdong river discharge residual current was stagnated in inner side of this estuary and surface distribution of salinity was over 25psu. On the contrary with summer mean discharge freshwater stretched very far outward and some waters flowed into Chinhae Bay through the Kadok channel and low salinity extended over coastal sea and salinity front occurred. From the result of contributed physical process to phytioplankton biomass the accumulation was occurred at the west part of this estuary and the Kadok channel with the Nakdong river discharge. When more increased input discharge the accumulation band was transported to outer side of this estuary. The frequently outbreak of red tide in this area is caused by accumulation of physical processes. The phytoplankton maximum region located inner side of this estuary without the Nakdong river discharge and with mean discharge of winter but it was moved to outer side when mean discharge of the Nakdong river was increased. The variation of input concentration from the land loads was not largely influenced on phytoplankton biomass and location of maximum region. When discharge was increased phytoplankton maximum region was transferred to inner side of the Kadok channel. ON the other hand when discharge was decreased phytoplankton maximum region was transferred to inner side of this estuary and chlorophyll a contents increased to over 20$\mu\textrm{g}$/L Therefore if any other conditions are favorable for growth of phytoplankton. decreas of discharge causes to increase of possibility of red tide outbreak.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.380-386
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• 2001

Dry matter(DM) accumulation in different plant parts of two Vigna spp., blackgram(Vigna mungo) and mungbean(Vigna radiata), was compared at different levels of salinity. Two vaarieties of each of blackgram (Barimash-1 and Barimash-2) and mungbean(Barimung-3 and Barimung-4) were grown with 50, 75 and 100mM NaCl solutions and tap water as a control till maturity. The DM accumulation in all plant parts of the two crops devreased with the increasing salinity levels. The reducation was severe in mungbean compared to blackgram. On an average mungbean produced only 3% grain yield compared to 37% in blackgram at 100mM NaCl. The salinity induced growth reduction was relatively less in Barimash-2 than that in Barimash-1. In mungbean, the relative DM production of Barimung-3 was greater than Barimung-4. The extent of biomass reducation due to salinity in different plant parts was not similar. At maturity the rank of biomass accumulation (at 100 mM NaCl) in different plant parts of blackgram was in decreasing order by seeds pod$^{-1}$ (97%), branch plant$^{-1}$ (88%), 1000-grain weight (79%), plant height(72%), pods plant$^{-1}$ (50%), leaf weight and root mass(both 49%) and stem weight (48%). In mungbean, the rank was in decreasing order by 1000-grain weight (57%), leaf weight (54%), plant height (52%), seeds pod$^{-1}$ (50%), branch plant$^{-1}$ (41%), root weight (34%), stem weight (24%) and pods plant$^{-1}$ (6%). Therefore, salinity reduced grain yield more than straw and roots of the Vignaq spp., and blackgram is relatively more salt-tolerant than mungbean.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권5호
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• pp.602-608
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• 2007

Forest plantations become important strategy not merely for the financial aspect, but for carbon sequestration and ecosystem stability. Forest plantations increase the density of the forest biomass, which reduce the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide. Biomass density is also a useful variable for comparing structural and functional attributes of forest ecosystems across a wide range of environmental conditions. In this study, carbon sequestration of teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) in the individual tree and plantation levels estimation was carried out Site-specific allometric equation for the estimation of teak tree biomass was developed based on the direct measurement of fifteen (15) harvested trees in the Oak-twin Township of the Bago Yoma Region, Myanmar. A regression equation of the diameter at breast height (DBH) and the aboveground biomass (carbon content) was constructed to estimate the carbon storage level of plantations, which averaged 79 ton/ha. The average carbon accumulation in the soil (up to 30 cm in depth) was estimated 38.89 ton/ha, The highest mean annual increment (MAI) of total carbon was found in the 6-yr-old teak plantation (12.10 ton/ha/yr) whereas the lowest MAI was in the 26-yr-old teak plantation (4.31 ton/ha/yr).

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.469-476
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• 2014

The focus of this study was to observe the growth of Chlorella sp., Nannochloris sp., and Botryococcus braunii under mixotrophic conditions (i.e., added glycerol) with the aim of increasing the growth of biomass and algae oil content. A significant growth of biomass was obtained when grown in glycerol rich environment comparing to autotrophic conditions. 5 g/L glycerol yielded the highest biomass concentration for these strains. Mixotrophic conditions improved both the growth of the microalgae and the accumulation of triacylglycerols (TAGs). The maximum amount of TAG in Botryococcus braunii was reached in the growth medium with 10 g/L glycerol and Chlorella sp., Nannochloris sp. with 2 g/L glycerol. The content of saturated fatty acids of Chlorella sp., Nannochloris sp., and Botryococcus braunii was found to be 34.94, 14.23 and 13.39%, and the amount of unsaturated fatty acids was 65.06, 85.78 and 86.61% of total fatty acids, respectively. The fatty acid profiles of the oil for the culture possibility met the necessary requirements and are, therefore, promising resource for biofuel production.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2016

Carbonized biomass could be used as a mechanism for long-term storage of C in soils. However, experimental results are variable. Objective of this study was carried out to evaluate the effect of carbonized biomass made from soybean residue on soil organic carbon and seed yield during soybean cultivation. The carbonized biomass was made by field scale mobile pyrolyzer. Pyrolyzer was performed in a reactor operated at $400{\sim}500^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours using soybean residue. The treatments consisted of four levels as the control without input and three levels of carbonized biomass inputs as $357kg\;ha^{-1}$, C-1 ; $714kg\;ha^{-1}$, C-2 ; $1,428kg\;ha^{-1}$, C-3. It was appeared that seed yield of soybean was $2,847kg\;ha^{-1}$ for control, $2,897kg\;ha^{-1}$ for C-1, $2,946kg\;ha^{-1}$ for C-2 and $3,211kg\;ha^{-1}$ for C-3 at the end of experiment. It was shown that the contents of SOC were $5.21g\;kg^{-1}$ for C-1, $5.93g\;kg^{-1}$ for C-2, $7.00g\;kg^{-1}$ for C-3 and $4.73g\;kg^{-1}$ for the control at the end of experiment. Accumulated SOC contents linearly significantly (P < 0.001) increased with increasing the carbonized biomass input. The slopes (0.00162) of the regression equations suggest that SOC contents from the soil increase by $0.162g\;kg^{-1}$ with every $100kg\;ha^{-1}$ increase of carbonized biomass rate. Consequently the carbonized biomass for byproducts such as soybean residue could increase SOC. It might be considered that the experimental results will be applied to soil carbon sequestration for future study. More long-term studies are needed to prove how long does SOC stay in agricultural soils.