• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.719-731
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to analyze a group of pre-service elementary teachers experience on the cognitive terms of biology inquiry subjects, and experience on living materials related with the domain of life in the Korea elementary school science textbook. Firstly, elementary school pre-service teachers had the confidence of inquiry subjects related with the domain of life such as 'when we take breath what will happen in human body?' and 'Can we make the model of human body?' But they did have the most diffidence of 'The search for pieris rapae, a cabbage butterfly's life', 'Can we grow the little creature?' The reason why pre-service elementary teachers had diffidence of comprehending experiment procedure and planning ability was that 'they focused on understanding the scientific concepts instead of planning experiments by themselves', and 'they carried out the least amount of experiments' Secondly, elementary school pre-service teachers had never experienced biology materials related with the domain of life in the Korea elementary school biology science textbook such as 'tradescantia reflexa', 'Caddis larva', 'hydrilla verticillata', and 'Plantain lily.' According to the findings obtained from the study, the reason why they had never seen the biology materials was that they had the least opportunity of immediately observing life creatures due to memorization-intensive classes.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.541-557
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• 2012

Interest is acknowledged to be a critical motivational variable that influences learning and achievement. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interest of the elementary students when free inquiry activities were performed through a brain-based evolutionary scientific teaching and learning model. For this study, 106 fifth grade students were chosen and performed individually free inquiry activities. The results of this study were as follows: First, after free inquiry activities, as to free inquiry science related attitude, a statistically significant difference was not observed. But they came to have positive feelings about the free inquiry. Especially students marked higher mean score in openness showed consistency in sub-areas of free inquiry science related attitude. Second, students had interests in various fields, especially they had many interests in area of biology. They chose inquiry subjects that seems to be easily accessible from surrounding and as an important criterion of free inquiry they thought the possibility that they could successfully perform it. And students who belong to the high level in the science related attitudes and academic achievement diversified more topics. Third, most of students failed to further their topics. However, the students who specifically and clearly extended their topics suggested appropriate variables in their topics. On the other hand, students who couldn't elaborate their topics were also failed to suggest further topics and their performance of inquiry was more incomplete. In conclusion, the experiences of success in free inquiry make the science attitude of students more positive and help them extend their inquiry. These results have fundamental implications for the authentic science inquiry in the elementary schools and for the further research.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.44-55
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• 2009

본 연구는 고등학교 생물 수업에서 POE를 적용한 논술형 탐구학습 프로그램의 개발 및 수업에의 적용으로 학생들의 학업 성취도와 과학 관련 태도에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 대상으로 부산시 소재의 남자 인문계고등학교 2학년 4개 반을 선정하였다. 수업은 생물 I '순환' 단원으로 4주에 걸쳐 6차 시로 이루어졌으며, 실험집단은 POE를 적용한 논술형 탐구학습 프로그램에 의거한 수업을 진행 하였으며, 통제집단은 실험집단과 동일한 학습 목표와 주요 학습 내용을 기준으로 생물 I 교과서에 제시되어 있는 학습내용과 탐구활동을 토대로 실시하였다. 현장 적용결과, 첫째, POE를 적용한 논술형 탐구학습 프로그램은 이미 알고 있는 지식과 실험을 통해 새롭게 알게 된 지식을 적절하게 연결하는 활동과 학생들의 고차원적인 사고유발을 위한 교사의 다양한 질문을 통해 문제해결력 향상뿐만 아니라 논리적인 사고능력에 도움을 주어 학업 성취도에 긍정적인 효과를 미친 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, POE를 적용한 논술형 탐구학습 프로그램은 실험에 대한 사전 예측활동으로 실험에 대한 관심을 유발하게 하고 직접 관찰한 것과 예측한 것 사이의 모순을 해결해 가는 과정을 통해 학습과정에 적극적인 참여의 유도로 과학 관련 태도에 긍정적인 효과가 나타난 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.109-128
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• 1992

Elementary science textbooks are the major instructional materials which contain sceientific objectives to be acquired by students. The purpose of this study is to analyze the development system, to evaluate the inquiry activity in current elementary science testbooks, and to make suggestions for the improvement of them. The questionnaires were administered to 116 subjects that participated in development of the 5th elementary science textbooks, and 86 of the subjects responded. Based on the data gathered and analyzed in this study, the major findings are as follows. First, regarding the analysis and evaluation of elementary science textbooks. 1. The instructional objectives in elementary science textbooks are analyzed. The proportions of comprehension objectives is 38%, scientific inquiry process objectives 21%, experimental skills objectives 7%, scientific attitudes and interests objectives 4%. 2. The science concepts in elementary science textbooks of the 3rd grade required the preconcrete operational level(82%) and of the 6rd grade required the postconcrete operational level (73%) by J. Piaget 3. The inquiry activities in elementary science textbooks are emphasizing gathering and organizing results and evaluation, and hypothesizing and designing an experiment Inquiry index of the elementary science textbooks is 76. This is significantly higher than 35${\sim}$50 of America and U.K.. 4. The number of questions per class hour is mostly three, and most of them require the students to explain phenomena in nature or in experiment Second, regarding the development system of elementary science textbooks. 1. The budget for and the period of the development of elementary science textbook should be expanded. 2. For the improvement of elementary science textbooks, more abundant resources and time should be used for the basic study and the field trial of textbooks. 3. The elementary science textbook must include the affective objectives as well as the scientific knowledges and scientific inquiry skills. 4. It is not desirable to assign equal number of pages to the content of physics, chemistry, biology, and earth science. 5. Closer cooperation system is needed among the ministry of education, development research center and the field trial schools.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.451-458
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 초 중등학교의 전 교과에서 다루어진 식물 학습 소재의 다양성을 조사 분석하여 과학 교과서(생물영역)의 식물 학습 소재의 개발 방향성을 모색하고자 하였다. 분석에 사용된 교과서는 초등학교 9교과 143권, 중학교 13교과 117권, 고등학교 15교과 71권 등 총 331권이다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 초 중등학교 전 교과의 학교 급간별 식물의 종 수는 초등학교 264종, 중학교 295종, 고등학교 283종으로 과학교과서(생물영역)의 103종, 206종, 193종보다 많다. 타 교과에 식물의 종 수가 많다는 것은 식물 학습 내용도 많이 포함하고 있다는 것을 의미한다. 2. 초 중등학교에서 식물 학습 소재가 많이 나타난 타 교과는 국어, 사회, 실과(실업 가정)로 단순한 식물 인용뿐만 아니라 과학 개념 및 탐구 활동을 내포하고 있다. 식물 학습 소재는 과학 교육 과정뿐 아니라 학교 교육 과정에서 큰 비중을 차지하고 있다. 3. 타 교과에서 인용되는 식물 학습 소재의 특징은 주변 식물, 자원 식물, 식용 식물, 관상 식물, 산업에 관련된 식물 등 유용성 있는 생활 관련 식물이다. 4. 과학과 생활과의 관계를 인식하여 타 교과의 식물학습 소재를 과학 교과(생물영역)의 식물 소재 개발에 적용한다면 STS 교육 및 통합 교과의 근거를 제공해 줄 수 있다고 본다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.509-520
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• 2006

이 연구의 목적은 중등 학교 과학 실험 수업의 실태를 파악하기 위해 수업을 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 중등학교 과학 실험 수업을 세 범주로 분석하도록 개발된 분석 도구를 활용하였다. 이 분석 도구는 실험의 목적, 상호 작용, 탐구 과정 세 가지 영역에 20가지 평가 항목으로 구성되어 있으며, 4명의 과학 교육 전문가로부터 0.89의 타당도가 확보되었다. 수업 분석을 위하여 21차시의 실험 수업이 녹화되고 전사되었다. 전사된 프로토콜과 동영상을 바탕으로 실험 수업을 분석한 결과, 중등 학교 실험 수업은 실험 목적 측면에서 선언적 지식의 습득과 과학에 대한 태도의 향상에 집중되어 있었다. 상호 작용 측면은 교사의 발문이 학생들의 발산적 사고를 유도하지 못하고 있고 학생들에 의한 주도적인 실험 기회가 주어지는 대신 교사의 직접적 지도에 의해 실험 수업이 진행되고 있으며, 학생들의 토의 과정이 거의 나타나지 않는 등 상호 작용 I 수준으로 분석되었다. 탐구 과정은 학습 주제에 대한 현상 제시 및 문제 제기가 거의 관찰되지 않았다. 학생들의 가설 설정 활동이나 예상 활동도 대부분의 수업에서 관찰되지 않았으며, 실험 설계 부분은 활동지나 교사의 지시에 의해 주어지고 있었고, 학생들은 실험 결과 기록에만 집중되어 있어 탐구 과정 수준도 I 수준으로 나타났다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.204-213
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• 2002

1999학년도부터 지난 3년 동안 시행된 대학수학능력 시험에서 화학 II 문항에 대한 학생들의 응답을 조사하였다. 화학 II에 대한 응시자수와 평균 점수, 내용 영역과 탐구 과정에 의한 평균 정답률, 정답률이 높거나 낮은 문항 등을 분석 논의하였다. 자연계 응시자는 해마다 감소하고 있으나, 자연계 학생 중 25% 이상이 화학 II를 선택하며, 이는 생물 II에 이어 두 번째로 많은 수이다. 2001학년도에는 화학 II의 평균점수가 높아졌는데, 다른 과목들도 마찬가지였다. 내용 영역이나 탐구 과정에 의한 평균 정답률의 차이는 없었다. 학생들은 '끓는점오름'이나 '삼투압'과 같은'용액의 총괄성'과 관련된 문제를 어려워하였고, '반응 속도'와 관련된 문제를 비교적 잘 해결하였다. 교육학적 함의에 대해 논의하였다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.15-27
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• 1978

First: The common points from "syllabus" period to that of "Course of study" are as follows: 1) with no introduction explained. the "Syllabus" or "Course of study" was made to be completed in accordance with the allotment of time (unit). 2) To teach how to rear animals and grow plants, and to make specimens with collected samples formed a great significant field of learning, which meant giving more emphasis on learning classification, life-centered education and basic field of learning than discipline-centered education. 3) The reason why the field of applied biology was emphasized on was that both periods had ideals in Common to educate persons more necessary and useful to the society than to major the pure academic field. 4) Both periods mainly dealt with problems of diseases, and physical health discussed all over the world in 1950's which accounts for necessity of the society to free from ignorance. Second; "The first curriculum period" and "the second one" are observed as follows: 1) The former took the unit (credit) system for the first time. It tried to lay down the conceptual hierarchy with "Biology I" and "II" divided, while "Biolgy I" is better systematized than "Biology II". 2) Discipline-centered education and structure fo knowledge are put more emphasis on especially in "the 2nd curriculum period". 3) And also in this period are included serious problems such as urgency of pollution, importance of nature conservation, population due to the development of industry. 'Third; With the recent curriculum laid down, experiments and teaching contents of subjects are put in harmony with each other and accordingly the process of Inquiry is laid emphasis on. Fourth; It is necessary to set up conceptual sequence and scope effectively in the curriculum.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.175-191
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• 1998

The purpose and content of Chonnam National University Center for Science Talented Education program and students' responses were described. The program was developed with the purpose of providing various learning opportunities for science talented students according to the level of their learning abilities. Students are given a variety of activities based on their potentials and interest. The program was developed in four subjects, such as mathematics, information science, science Ⅰ (physics and earth science), and science Ⅱ (biology and chemistry). Each subject consisted of simple inquiry, advanced one, and project, even though it had its own distinctions. Students were selected for each subject based on two criteria, that is, achievements in school science or mathematics (the upper 3 percent of the 8th grade students) and examination scores. Means and standard deviations for each subject were as follows: 51.8 and 13.3 for Science Ⅰ, 53.1 and 13.9 for Science Ⅱ, 36.7 and 10.7 for mathematics and 36.4 and 12.5 for information science. Thirty hours of summer classes were performed, and a survey was administered to obtain students' responses concerning difficulty, interest, teaching and content of the program. They gave relatively favourable responses in most area, but lack of time for studying was revealed in mathematics and information science. Further study in needed to get detailed and more accurate results of our program.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.199-213
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• 1994

The quality of science teachers is one of the most important factors to improve the science education in secondary schools. In this study the current status of preservice education of secondary science teachers was surveyed and the directions for the improvement were suggested as follows: 1. The purposes of departments of science education have to be partially revised to include other education programs related to science education than preservice training courses of science teachers. 2. Training courses of integrated science teacher should be organized differently from those of physics, chemistry, biology or earth science teachers because their requirements are different. 3. Strict standards of curricula for training science teacher have to be established and applied practically. 4. The curricula of departments of science education have to reflect the contents and the changes of secondary science education. 5. More credits to subjects on the science education, the nature of science, and the laboratory experiments should be taken in the preservice courses of science teachers. 6. Professors at the department of science education have to use various methods to teach inquiry lab and evaluation techniques so that students can experience them at the training courses. 7. The number of professors majoring in science education at the department of sciece education should be increased. 8. Enough research funds have to be supported to activate the researches in science education.