• Animal cells and systems
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2006

A study on marine sponges was conducted with the materials collected by SCUBA diving in Hongdo and Gageodo Islands, Korea from September 2004 to July 2005. Clathria (Clathria) hongdoensis n. sp. and Clathria (Clathria) sohuksanensis n. sp. turned out to be new to the science. Clathria (Clathria) hongdoensis n. sp. closely seems to C. (C.) acanthstyli Hoshino (1981), based on their spicules type. However, they differ in the size of spicules and growth form. Clathria (Clathria) sohuksanensis n. sp. is similar to C. (C.) bicalthrata Hooper (1996), except for lacking small toxas.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2006

The fine structural characteristics of the antennal sensory organs of a female millipede, Orthomorphella pekuensis, were observed with field emission scanning electron microscopy. On the surface of the antenna, four basic types of sensory receptor with the function of either mechanical or olfactory reception are identified in this female millipede. Of these, chaetiform sensilla (CS) and trichoid sensilla (TS) are related to mechanical reception, and four large apical cone sensilla (AS) and three subtypes of basiconic sensilla ($BS_1,\;BS_2,\;BS_3$) are likely to function in olfactory reception, as these receptors have porous structure commonly. Although this millipede also possess a number of primary or secondary sexual characters to improve the efficiency of reproduction, we could not observe their prominent sexually dimorphic characters in the antennal sensilla with the exception of minor structural and numerical differences.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.257-261
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• 2000

To elucidate phylogenetic relationships among poecilostome families 18S rDNA sequence data were generated for seven poecilostome and one cyclopoid copopods by PCR cloning and sequencing techmiques. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by maximum parsimony, neighbor joining, and maximum likelihood methods using cyclopoid sequence as an outgroup. The results from three different analyses showed that the seven poecilostome families were eiridel into two groups: Clausidiidae-Myicolidae-Synaptiphillidae-bomolochidae and Lichomologidae-Chondracanthidae-Ergasilidae. The molecular phylogenies were consistent with those from the morphological characters. Therefore, these analyses porvide further evidence for the utility of 18S rDNA sequences in addressing phylogenetic relationships among poecilostome families.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.1225-1232
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• 2018

Phenylethanoids, including 2-phenylethanol, tyrosol, and salidroside are a group of phenolic compounds with a C6-C2 carbon skeleton synthesized by plants. Phenylethanoids display a variety of biological activities, including antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-asthmatic activities. Recently, successful microbial synthesis of phenylethanoids through metabolic engineering and synthetic biology approaches has been reported and could allow phenylethanoid production from alternative microbial sources. Here, we review the recent achievements in the synthesis of phenylethanoids by microorganisms. The work done so far will contribute to the production of diverse phenylethanoids using various microbial systems and facilitate exploration of further diverse biological activities of phenylethanoids.

• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

Despite recent progresses in nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, there are still many unsolved limitations. Most of all, a major obstacle in current nanoparticle-based drug carrier is the lack of sufficient drug delivery into target cells due to various biological barriers, such as: extracellular matrix, endolysosomal barrier, and drug-resistance associated proteins. To circumvent these limitations, several research groups have utilized photochemical internalization (PCI), an extension of photodynamic therapy (PDT), in design of innovative and efficient nano-carriers drug delivery. This review presents an overview of a recent research on utilization of PCI in various fields including: anti-cancer therapy, protein delivery, and tissue engineering.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.335-339
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• 2002

Mouse T cells overexpressing the SRG3 protein displayed morphological changes; the cells were enlarged and their shapes were irregular compared to the normal parental cells. In addition, growth rate of the cells was dramatically reduced and their DNA contents were increased. The increased DNA contents were due to an increase in number of chromosomes in these cells. We have observed similar results in S. cerevisiae cells overex-pressing the yeast SWI3 protein. Yeast cells overexpressing SWI3 protein These results suggest that the SRG3/SWI3 protein plays an important role in cell growth and cell cycle progression.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2003

Ecological aspects of Cryptocercus kyebangensis life history were investigated via laboratory rearing and field observations. The number of antennal segments and head width were used to classify the first four instars. The results, which combine both the field collection and the laboratory rearing, indicate that eleven instars occur in C. kyebangensis. It supports the proposal on the number of instars of Park and Choe (2003c) based on field collections. A total of 388 nymps from 13 colonies were collected prior to winter to investigate overwintering stages. Of them,4％ (n = 17) were the second instars, 57％ (n = 220) were the third instars, and 39％ (n = 151) were the fourth instars, respectively. Thus, most of them overwinter in the third or fourth instars. The results indicate that young nymphs of C. kyebangensis have to reach at least 3rd or 4th instar to survive low temperature environment of winter. According to seasonal dynamics of populations, C. kyebangensis reaches adulthood in the summer of the fourth or fifth year (4-5 yr span) after their birth.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.105-109
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• 2003

Morphological characteristics of nymphal instars are described for a Korean wood-feeding cockroach, Cryptocercus kyebangensis. Eleven instars, including adults, were tentatively identified. Female adults had apicolateral emargination and a truncated apical median prominence in the seventh sternite, and female nymphs of the other instars except for the last had a narrowly rounded apical median prominence in the seventh sternite. In the last instar, the seventh sternite was partially desclerotized and somewhat shriveled at the start of the emarginated area. In contrast, males showed no emargination in adults, and had a rounded broad apical median in this area of all instars. In the ninth sternite, female nymphs had a medium notch on the caudal margin and styli were separated before reaching adulthood, whereas no such notch was observed in male nymphs. The styli remained prominent in the ninth sternite of male adults.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.119-122
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• 2003

In order to determine whether foals of move dominant mothers were harassed less by mares than those of lower-ranked mothers, harassment of foals was studied in a herd of Jeju ponies (Equus caballus) consisting of 73 mares, their 53 foals, and one stallion. Mares Harassed the foals on 71 occasions between March to September,1998. The frequency of harassment tended to decrease as foals aged, but the relationship was not significant (P = 0.079). Foals were harassed when sleeping (n = 14), grazing (n = 19), moving (n = 8), approaching a mare in the vicinity (n = 13), or play-fighting with the foal of the harassing mare (n = 17). Mares harassed foals of younger, more subordinate mares than those of older, more dominant mares (P < 0.001). We conclude that early social experience of foals is associated with the dominance rank of its mother.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2010

The introduced spider crab Pyromaia tuberculata was collected from Korea in 2005 and it was ovigerous. After hatching, larvae were reared in the laboratory at $20^{\circ}C$. The larval stage of the species consists of two zoeal and one megalopal stages. The larvae of the Korean species differ somewhat from those from New Zealand described by Webber and Wear (1981; N Z J Mar Freshwat Res. 15:331-383) and from Brazil described by Fransozo and Negreiros-Fransozo (1997; Crustaceana. 70:304-323.) in the setal presence of the antennule, the maxillule, the maxilla and the maxillipeds, and the abdomen. It is found that Fransozo and Negreiros-Fransozo have overlooked some setae on the basis of the zoeal maxillipeds and that re-examination of their larvae is needed. Also, it is found that the Inachoididae is heterogeneous based on the zoeal morphology because two distinct groups exist in the family.