• Toxicological Research
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2000

A 6-sulfooxymethylbenzo[a]pyrene (SMBP), the ultimate metabolite of methyl-substituted benzo[a]pyrene (BP), has been found to be carcinogenic in mice. These properties may be attributable to its strong reactivity with cellular macromolecules such as DNA. However, serum and its major constituent albumin attenuated significantly the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of 5MBP in bacterial and mammalian cell systems. This inhibitory activity of serum against 5MBP-induced cytotoxicity and mutagenicity in Chinese hamster V79 cells appears to be caused by the reduced macromolecular adducts such as DNA and proteins, but serum failed to reduce 5MBP binding to naked calf thymus DNA. A number of proteins in the serum could act as nucleophiles that are able to intercept reactive chemicals through covalent binding. Albumin present in the plasma seems to be one of major components responsible for direct binding with 5MBp, thereby reducing its reactivity to genetic materials. We here determined which fraction is preferential for 5MBP binding through fractionation of 5MBP-treated serum with ammonium sulfate. The albumin-containing fraction had slightly more affinity for 5MBP than the immunoglobulin-containing fraction. Our results indicate that the covalent modification of plasma proteins may reduce 5MBP-induced damage.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

Assessing health condition of crop in the field is one of core operation in precision fanning. A sensing system was proposed to remotely detect the crop health condition in terms of SP AD readings directly related to chlorophyll contents of crop using a multispectral camera equipped on ground-based platform. Since the image taken by a camera was sensitive to changes in ambient light intensity, it was needed to convert gray scale image data into reflectance, an index to indicate the reflection characteristics of target crop. A reference reflectance panel consisting of four pieces of sub-panels with different reflectance was developed for a dynamic calibration, by which a calibration equation was updated for every crop image captured by the camera. The system performance was evaluated in a field by investigating the relationship between com canopy reflectance and SP AD values. The validation tests revealed that the com canopy reflectance induced from Green band in the multispectral camera had the most significant correlation with SPAD values $(r^2=0.75)$ and NIR band could be used to filter out unwanted non-crop features such as soil background and empty space in a crop canopy. This research confirmed that it was technically feasible to develop a ground-based remote sensing system for assessing crop health condition.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.197-199
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• 2011

The biological interpretation of two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis experiments is a key step toward understanding the functions of biological systems. We here present a web-based integrated database, called 2DSpotDB, for the management of proteome data derived from several pathogens. The 2DSpotDB was established as a part of the management of a pathogen proteome project at the Korea National Institute of Health. The goals of the 2DSpotDB implementation are to store and define important pathogen genes, retrieve information obtained by 2D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, and create an integrated system to provide pathogen proteome information for biological scientists. This database currently contains 14 gels and information on 387 protein spots, among which 329 proteins were identified and annotated.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.357-362
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• 2009

Hesperidin, the most abundant polyphenolic compound found in citrus fruits, has been known to possess neuroprotective, sedative, and anticonvulsive effects on the nervous system. In a recent electrophysiological study, it was reported that hesperidin induced biphasic change in population spike amplitude in hippocampal CA1 neurons in response to both single spike stimuli and theta-burst stimulation depending on its concentration. However, the precise mechanism by which hesperidin acts on neuronal functions has not been fully elucidated. Here, using whole-cell patch-clamp recording, we revealed that hesperidin did not affect excitatory synaptic activities such as basal synaptic transmission and theta-burst LTP. Moreover, in a current injection experiment, spike number, resting membrane potential and action potential threshold also remained unchanged. Taken together, these results indicate that the effects of hesperidin on the neuronal functions such as spiking activity might not be attributable to either modification of excitatory synaptic transmissions or changes in membrane excitability in hippocampal CA1 neuron.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1326-1334
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• 2019

Knowledge base means a library stored in computer system providing useful information or appropriate solutions to specific area. Knowledge base associated with autism is the complex multidimensional information set related to the disease autism for its pathogenic factor and therapy. This paper focuses on the knowledge of biological molecular information extracted from massive biomedical texts with the aid of widespread used machine learning methods. Six classes of biological molecular information (such as protein, DNA, RNA, cell line, cell component, and cell type) are concerned and the probability statistics method, conditional random fields (CRFs), is utilized to discover these knowledges in this work. The knowledge base can help biologists to etiological analysis and pharmacists to drug development, which can at least answer four questions in question-answering (QA) system, i.e., which proteins are most related to the disease autism, which DNAs play important role to the development of autism, which cell types have the correlation to autism and which cell components participate the process to autism. The work can be visited by the address http://134.175.110.97/bioinfo/index.jsp.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.341-347
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• 2002

The life cycle of Acanthamoeba is comprised of two distinct stages, tropho-zoite and cyst. During periods of stress, trophozoites undergo cellular differentiation into cyst. In order to understand the cellular differentiation, ore followed changes in profiles of major proteins by 2D-PAGE and ubiqui-tinated proteins by immunoblotting with anti-ubiquitin (Ub) monoclonal antibody (mAb) as a probe. We observed 51 proteins present in trophozoite were lost with the encystment. We found that 43 proteins within 24 h, and 8 proteins in 96 h of encystment. Among them, 17 proteins were staine with anti-Ub mAb. In cysts, 16 proteins including 2 anti-Ub mAb-reactive proteins were newly synthesized. Four proteins were newly detected in 24 h-cyst and disappeared in 96 h-cyst, one protein was synthesized in 24-96 h-cyst and disappeared in 168 h-cyst, and 11 proteins appeared upon en-cystment and were present in all cyst stages. We identified a cyst specific 33 kDa protein as subtilisin-like serine proteinase by N-terminal sequencing. Identification of these proteins lost and newly synthesized with encystment would improve our understanding of cysting protozoan parasites.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.205-209
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• 2005

A rapid, simple and efficient method to extract RNA from the adult polyps of a soft coral, marine cnidarian, Scleronephthya gracillimum $(K\ddot{u}kenthal)$; was developed in this study. The highest yield and purity of RNA was obtained with the lysis solution containing 35 mM EDTA, 0.7 M LiCl, 7.0% SDS, and 200 mM Tris-Cl (pH 9.0). Approximately $40{\mu}g$ of total RNA was extracted from 200 mg of liquid nitrogen-pulverized polyp tissue. The ratio of absorbance at 260 nm and 280 nm ranged from 1.8 to 2.0. The results of the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) with ${\beta}-actin$ gene specific primers and Northern blot analysis using the same gene probe revealed that the RNA extracted by our method had high quality, and was sufficient for subsequent molecular biological analyses. This method was effective for RNA extraction from other soft coral species which belong to the genus Dendronephthya.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제9권8호
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• pp.1828-1833
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• 2005

이질적인 생물 데이터베이스의 통합은 데이터간의 연계 분석의 필요성이 높아짐에 따라 중요한 문제로 대두되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 데이터베이스들은 초기에 이질적 환경에서 각기 다른 목적에 의해 생성되므로 포맷, 설계자가 불일치하는 등 여러 가지 문제점으로 인해 통합하는데 어려움이 따른다. 그러므로 이질적인 데이터베이스의 통합을 위해서는 초기단계의 설계가 무엇보다도 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 대표적인 핵산 데이터베이스인 Genbank와 단백질 데이터베이스인 Swiss-Prot을 통합하기 위해 ER 모델을 사용하여 개념적 모델을 보인 후, 이를 합병하여 통합모델을 제시한다. 또한, 핵산-단백질 자료로 연계되는 정보를 통합 서비스할 수 있는 시스템 구조를 제안한다. 제안된 바이오 게이트웨이 시스템은 개념적 설계 단계에서 가장 원자적인 단위로 분할하여 모델링 함으로써 정교한 질의 처리가 가능하고, 사용자가 상세 조건을 알고 있을 경우에 기존의 검색시스템과 달리 여러 번의 검색 과정을 거치지 않고, 단시간에 원하는 결과를 얻을 수 있다는 장점을 지닌다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.853-859
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• 2017

Terrorists always threats the global security with the possibility of using prohibited warfare, NBCs(Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Warfare). Compared to other prohibited warfares, most of biological warfare agents (BWAs) have no physical properties and time delays from spread to affect. Therefore the early detection is important to protect and decontaminate from BWAs. On the preliminary detection stage for suspicious material, most of detection kits only serve to know weather the BWAs exists or not. Due to this reason, simple field confirmation testing for suspicious substances have been used to identify materials which show negative result on detection kits. Considering the current Lab on a Chip(LOC) technologies, we suggest simple identification platform for unknown suspicious substances based on paper fluidics. We hope that our research will envision the future direction for the specific point-of-view for LOC technologies on detection strategy of BWAs.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2003

The sensitivity of the product to the ongoing sinusoidal disturbances of the process has been investigated in the film casting of viscoelastic polymer fluids using frequency response analysis. As demonstrated for fiber spinning process (Jung et al., 2002; Devereux and Denn, 1994), this frequency response analysis is useful for examining the process sensitivity and the stability of extensional deformation processes including film casting. The results of the present study reveal that the amplification ratios or gains of the process/product variables such as the cross-sectional area at the take-up to disturbances exhibit resonant peaks along the frequency regime as expected for the systems having hyperbolic characteristics with spilt boundary conditions (Friedly, 1972). The effects on the sensitivity results of two important parameters of film casting, i.e., the fluid viscoelasticity and the aspect ratio of the casting equipment have been scrutinized. It turns out that depending on the extension thinning or thickening nature of the fluid, increasing viscoelasticity results in enlargement or reduction of the sensitivity, respectively. As regards the aspect ratio, it has been found that an optimum value exists making the system least sensitive. The present study also confirms that the frequency response method produces results that corroborate well those by other methods like linear stability Analysis and transient solutions response. (Iyengar and Co, 1996; Silagy et al., 1996; Lee and Hyun, 2001).