• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.437-446
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• 2017

To evaluate the consequences of possible fisheries regulations of anchovy Engraulis japonicus in the Korea Strait, we developed and applied a simulation-based yield-per-recruit (Y/R) model that considered temperature-dependent growth and size-dependent mortality, covering the egg to adult stages. We projected changes in commercial yield and egg production of anchovy with respect to varying biological reference points of 1) the instantaneous fishing mortality, 2) the minimum fork length of anchovy allowed to catch for protecting smaller anchovy ($L_{c,min}$), and 3) the maximum fork length allowed to catch for protecting bigger anchovy ($L_{c,max}$). Our Y/R model showed that the anchovy yield will be maximized at ca. $1.4{\times}10^6tons$ when $L_{c,min}$ ranges between 42-60 mm or at ca. $0.8{\times}10^6tons$ when $L_{c,max}$ ranges from 88-160 mm. At $L_{c,min}=30mm$, the present minimum length of catch, our simulations indicated that the anchovy yield can reach a maximum of $1.2{\times}10^6tons$ in the long-term when the present fishing effort, which annually yields ca. $0.2{\times}10^6tons$ of anchovy, can be increased by a factor of 28. We expect that our simulation-based Y/R model can be applied to other commercially-important small pelagic species in which the traditional Beverton-Holt Y/R model is difficult to apply.

• 한국유변학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유변학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.81-84
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• 2006

Slot coating process, in continuous and patch modes, has been applied for the many precise coating products, e.g., flat panel displays and second batteries. However, manufacturing uniform coating products is not a trivial task at high-speed operations because various flow instabilities or defects such as leaking, bubbles, ribbing, and rivulets are frequently observed in this process. It is no wonder, therefore, that many efforts to understand the various aspects of dynamics and coating windows of this process have been made both in academia and industry. In this study, as the first topic, flow dynamics within the coating bead in slot coating process has been investigated using the one-dimensional viscocapillary model by lubrication approximation and two-dimensional model by Flow-3D software. Especially, operability windows in both 1D and 2D cases with various slot die lip designs have been successfully portrayed. Also, effects of process conditions like viscosity and coating gap size on slot coating window have been analyzed. Also, some experiments to find minimum coating thickness and coating windows have been conducted using slot die coater implemented with flow visualization device, corroborating the numerical results. As the second topic, flow dynamics of both Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluids in patch or pattern slot coating process, which is employed in manufacturing IT products such as secondary batteries, has been investigated for the purpose of optimal process designs. As a matter of fact, the flow control in this system is more difficult than in continuous case because od its transient or time-dependent nature. The internal die and die lip designs for patterned uniform coating products have been obtained by controlling flow behaviors of coating liquids issuing from slot. Numerical simulations have been performed using Fluent and Flow-3D packages. Flow behavior and pressure distribution inside the slot die has been compared with various die internal shapes and geometries. In the coating bead region, efforts to reduce irregular coating defects in head and tail parts of one patterned coating unit have been tried by changing die lip shapes. It has been concluded that optimal die internal design gas been developed, guaranteeing uniform velocity distribution of both Newtonian and shear thinning fluids at the die exit. And also optimal die lip design has been established, providing the longer uniform coating layer thickness within one coating unit.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.78-84
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• 2017

CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) is a prominent chemokine receptor on neutrophils. CXCR2 antagonist may reduce the neutrophil chemotaxis and alter the inflammatory response because the neutrophilic inflammation in the lung diseases is found to be largely regulated through CXCR2 receptor. Hence, in the present study, Hologram based Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship Study was performed on a series of CXCR2 antagonist named pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile-6-alkyl derivatives. The best HQSAR model was obtained using atoms, bonds, and chirality as fragment distinction parameter using hologram length 151 and 6 components with fragment size of minimum 4 and maximum 7. Significant cross-validated correlation coefficient ($q^2=0.774$) and non cross-validated correlation coefficients ($r^2=0.977$) were obtained. The model was then used to evaluate the six external test compounds and its $r^2_{pred}$ was found to be 0.614. Contribution map show that presence of cyclopropyl ring and its bulkier substituent's makes big contributions for improving the biological activities of the compounds. We hope that our HQSAR model and analysis will be helpful for future design of novel and structurally related CXCR2 antagonists.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2018

Caspases, a family of cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteases plays a central role in the regulation and the execution of apoptotic cell death. Caspase-3 has been proven to be an effective target for reducing the amount of cellular and tissue damage because the activation of caspases-3 stimulates a signalling pathway that ultimately leads to the death of the cell. In this study, Hologram based Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (HQSAR) models was generated on a series of Caspase-3 inhibitors named 3, 4-dihydropyrimidoindolones derivatives. The best HQSAR model was obtained using atoms, bonds, and hydrogen atoms (A/B/H) as fragment distinction parameter using hologram length 61 and 3 components with fragment size of minimum 5 and maximum 8. Significant cross-validated correlation coefficient ($q^2=0.684$) and non cross-validated correlation coefficients ($r^2=0.754$) were obtained. The model was then used to evaluate the eight external test compounds and its $r^2_{pred}$ was found to be 0.559. Contribution map show that presence of pyrrolidine sulfonamide ring and its bulkier substituent's makes big contributions for improving the biological activities of the compounds.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권8호
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• pp.197-202
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• 2017

본 연구는 미라 모발에 존재하는 멜라닌과립의 보존 상태와 모양을 규명하기 위해서 1250kV의 초고압전자현미경(high voltage electron microscope: HVEM)을 사용하여 3차 구조를 분석하였다. 미라 모발에서 피질에 분포하고 있는 멜라닌과립은 큐티클층에 인접한 바깥쪽 피질에 집중적으로 분포하고 있다. 이들 부위에는 다량의 멜라닌과립들이 무리를 지어 존재하고 있어서 현대인의 정상 모발에 있는 멜라닌과립의 분포양상과 뚜렷한 차이점을 나타내었다. 초고압전자현미경으로 ${\pm}60$도의 범위에서 1도 간격으로 촬영한 결과 멜라닌과립은 길쭉한 타원형의 형태로 크기가 다양하게 관찰되었다. 과립의 크기는 단축 직경이 $0.3-0.6{\mu}m$이고, 장축 직경은 $0.5-1{\mu}m$로 측정되었다. 결론적으로 초고압전자현미경은 일반 투과전자현미경보다 높은 해상도와 투과력을 가져서 두꺼운 절편의 생물 시료 구조분석에 용이하다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.140-147
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• 2012

본 연구는 입주 초기 아파트 외부조경의 효과를 높이고, 입주자들에게 조경수목 식재가 주는 효용을 부각시키면서 적정한 식재밀도로 최대 효과를 얻을 수 있는 식재밀도의 적정 기준을 마련하기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 법적 조경기준의 식재밀도 적정성을 검토하고, 장기적인 생육을 고려하기 위해 조림지를 대상으로 산정한 도시림의 입목밀도를 적정 식재밀도로 가정하여 이를 현장조사 결과와 비교하였다. 현장조사는 최근 10년 이내에 준공된 수도권에 위치한 아파트 단지 3개소를 대상으로 각 단지별로 10개소씩 검토대상지를 선정하여 단위면적당 수목 밀도를 산정하였다. 이를 표준규격의 경우와 대경목 식재에 따라 가중치를 인정한 경우로 구분하여 현행 조경기준과 도시림 적정 입목밀도 기준을 비교 검토하였다. 또한 하층식생의 적절한 생육 및 적절한 그늘 제공 등을 검토하기 위해 수관투영면적 비율 산정을 병행하였다. 그 결과 현행 조경기준의 최소식재기준은 매우 합리적으로 설정된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 대경목을 식재하여 식재밀도의 가중치를 인정받는 경우에는 조경기준의 식재밀도가 도시림의 적정 입목밀도에 비해 부족하고 수관투영면적 비율 역시 50% 미만으로 부족한 것으로 산정되어 추가 식재가 필요한 것으로 분석되었다. 아파트 단지 3개소에 대한 검토 결과 모두 법적 조경기준을 충족하거나 초과하고 있었다. 조경기준에 따라 상록교목 대경목의 가중치를 인정한 경우 경관을 고려하여 추가식재가 이루어짐에 따라 식재밀도가 과밀해지는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 앞으로 보다 광범위한 조사를 거쳐 대경목 식재에 따른 가중치 인정 항목의 삭제 또는 인정의 최소화, 식재 당시 수관투영면적 비율을 50% 이상 100% 이하로 설정하는 등과 같은 조경기준 개정작업이 필요한 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.83-87
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• 1972

낙동강산 징거미 Macrobrachium nipponensis의 생태적 제 특성을 조사한 결과는 아래와 같다. 1. 산란기간은 5월$\~$9월 사이이며 주 산란 시기는 7월이었다. 2. 성비 (숫컷/암컷$\times$100)는 연 평균 $62.9\%$이었으며, 산란기간 사이는 낮은 율이었고 동계에서 춘계 사이는 높은 율을 나타내었다. 3. 포란한 개체의 제일 작은 것은 체장 4.2cm 두흉갑장 1.5cm 체중 3.5g 내외였다. 4. 포란 미수의 출현율이 가장 많은 체장은 $5.75\~7.75cm$ 내외였다. 5. 상액각치수는 10개$\~$16개의 범위로서 13개의 범위로서 13개가 제일 많아 mode를 나타내었고, 하액각치수는 1개$\~$5개의 범위로서 3개의 출현율이 가장 많아 mode를 나타내었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1429-1434
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• 2014

Background: Owing to the variability of histopathological features and biological behaviour in gastric carcinoma, a great number of categorisation methods such as classical histopathologic grading, Lauren classification, the TNM staging system and the newly presented Goseki grading method are used by pathologists and other scientists. In our study, we aimed to investigate whether Goseki grade and tumour location have an effects on survival of gastric cancer cases. Materials and Methods: Eighty-four patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were covered in the investigation. The importance of Goseki grading system and tumour location were analysed in addition to the TNM staging and other conventional prognostic parameters. Results: The median survival time in our patients was 35 months (minimum: 5, maximum: 116). According to our findings, there was no relation between survival and tumour size (p=0.192) or classical histological type (p=0.270). In contrast, the Goseki grade and tumour location significantly correlated with survival (p=0.007 and p<0.001, respectively). Additionally, tumours of the intestinal type had a longer median survival time (60.0 months) than diffuse tumours (24.0 months). Conclusions: In addition to the TNM staging system, tumour location and the Goseki grading system may be used as significant prognostic parameters in patients with gastric cancer.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.251-256
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• 2005

For blood cockle Tegillarca granosa acclimated to winter and summer seasons, survival, temperature tolerance and physiological changes at different individual size were investigated for their temperature tolerances by increasing and decreasing temperature at a rate of 1, 2 and $3^{\circ}C/day$. The survival rate of adults and juveniles T. granosa acclimated to winter temperatures began to decrease from $32^{\circ}C$ and all experimental animals died between $37-39^{\circ}C$. In the case of animals acclimated to summer temperatures, the survival rates of adults and juveniles began to decrease from $35^{\circ}C$, and all died at temperatures between $40-44^{\circ}C$. The upper $LT_{50}$ was $27.72^{\circ}C$ for adults and $28.36^{\circ}C$ for juveniles. On the other hand, when the temperature was decreased from $4^{\circ}C\;to\;0^{\circ}C$ in order to investigate lower temperature tolerances, the survival rate of T. granosa was more than $70\%\;at\;2^{\circ}C$ for 25 days. Lower L T 50 was $2.09^{\circ}C$ for adults and $2.34^{\circ}C$ for juveniles. There was no effective difference in temperature tolerance between adults and juveniles. Filtration and respiration rates of T. granosa showed a similar aspect with increase and decrease of temperature. Filtration and respiration rates exhibited irregular conditions of a broken biological rhythm as the group acclimated to winter $(10 ^{\circ}C)$ and summer $(25^{\circ}C)$. In the case of decreasing temperature, filtration and respiration rates of T. granosa reduced to a minimum below $6^{\circ}C$

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.257-274
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• 2020

There are many previous review articles are available to summarize either the characterization methods of effluent organic matter (EfOM) or the individual control treatment options. However, there has been no attempt made to compare in parallel the physicochemical treatment options that target the removal of EfOM from biological treatments. This review deals with the recent progress on the characterization of EfOM and the novel technologies developed for EfOM treatment. Based on the publications after 2010, the advantages and the limitations of several popularly used analytical tools are discussed for EfOM characterization, which include UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). It is a recent trend to combine an SEC system with various types of detectors, because it can successfully track the chemical/functional composition of EfOM, which varies across a continuum of different molecular sizes. FT-ICR-MS is the most powerful tool to detect EfOM at molecular levels. However, it is noted that this method has rarely been utilized to understand the changes of EfOM in pre-treatment or post-treatment systems. Although membrane filtration is still the preferred method to treat EfOM before its discharge due to its high separation selectivity, the minimum requirements for additional chemicals, the ease of scaling up, and the continuous operation, recent advances in ion exchange and advanced oxidation processes are greatly noteworthy. Recent progress in the non-membrane technologies, which are based on novel materials, are expected to enhance the removal efficiency of EfOM and even make it feasible to selectively remove undesirable fractions/compounds from bulk EfOM.