• 한국유기농업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유기농학회 2009년도 상반기 학술대회
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• pp.343-366
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• 2009

Biogas can be generated out of a variety of organic substances and is suitable for different utilizations. It is very efficient in technical application and has a good balance between energy input and output (1 : 7). Moreover there is a great reduction of carbon dioxide (6 - 7 t $CO_2$/ ha). By means of biogas energy can be produced locally and allows maximum energy utilization. Therefore in the next years biogas will become more important in Germany, also for the scientific research area. In the future we have to deal with questions about the improvement of efficiency of the biogas process intensified.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.100-105
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• 2012

Purpose: Methane production potential in aerobic digestion was assessed according to feed to inoculum (F/I) ratio for food waste only, and mixing ratio of two materials for food waste and swine manure to give a basic data for the design of anaerobic digestion system. Methods: Anaerbic digestion test was performed using a lab scale batch reactor at $35^{\circ}C$ for six different feed to inoculum (F/I) ratios (0.50, 0.72, 1.14, 1.50, 2.14 and 3.41), three food waste to swine manure ratios (100:0, 60:40 and 40:60) with two different loading concentrations (10g VS/L and 30g VS/L). Results: For food waste only, the highest biogas yield of 1008 mL/gVS was obtained at 0.50 of F/I. For the co-digestion of food waste and swine manure mixture, the highest biogas yield of 1148 mL/gVS was obtained at a mixing ratio of 40:60 with loading concentration of 10g VS/L. Conclusions: F/I ratio for the food waste only, mixing ratio of food waste and swine manure, and co-substrate loading rate affected the biogas production rate. For the low loading rate, there was not so much difference according to the mixing ratio of food waste and swine manure, but for the high loading rate higher biogas yield was acquired for the co-digestion of food waste and swine manure than for the food waste alone (mixing ratio, 100:0).

• 청정기술
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.357-364
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• 2018

미세조류 및 거대조류 등 3세대 바이오매스로부터 바이오가스를 생산하는 연구는 다양한 규모의 실험을 통해 수행된 바 있다. 이 논문에서는 3세대 바이오매스 중 거대조류, 즉 해조류 바이오매스로부터 유래된 바이오가스를 이용하는 복합 열병합 발전의 상용화 가능성을 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 고체산화물 연료전지와 가스터빈, 그리고 유기랭킨사이클로 이루어진 산업 스케일의 통합 열병합발전을 상용 공정모사기를 이용하여 설계, 모사하였고, 계산된 열 및 물질수지를 통해 장치의 가격을 추정하고 경제성을 분석하였다. 모사 결과 설계된 열병합발전 공정은 시간당 62.5톤의 건조 갈조류 원료로부터 생산된 36톤의 바이오가스를 이용하여 68.4 MW의 전력을 생산한다. 이 결과를 토대로 다양한 시나리오에 대해 경제적으로 평가하고 균둥화 발전비용(levelized electricity cost, LEC)을 계산하였는데, SOFC의 수명이 5년, 스택 가격이 $$225kW^{-1}$일 때 LEC는 12.26 ¢ $kWh^{-1}$로 기존의 고정 발전과 동등한 수준으로 나타났다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.299-307
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of low temperature thermal pre-treatment on biodegradation of waste activated sludge for anaerobic digestion as a countermeasure for increasing sludge generation. The experimental condition was accomplished in 2 %, 4 %, and 6 % TS concentration, and $70^{\circ}C$, $80^{\circ}C$, $90^{\circ}C$ of temperature for a maximum of 120 minutes retention time. Then, it was followed by analysis of physical/chemical properties, BMP test and composition of biogas. The biogas characteristic was evaluated by applying the modified Gomperz model. As a result, solubility of dissolved substrate, such as $SCOD_{Cr}$, soluble carbohydrate, and soluble protein, and biogas production increased as temperature increased. Solubilization efficiency at $90^{\circ}C$ was 18.4 %, 17.03 % and 16.88% in 2 %, 4 %, and 6 % TS concentration respectively. Also, solubilization rates of carbohydrate and protein similarly increased. BMP test results also showed that methane production in excess sludge increased to 0.194, 0.187 and $0.182m^3/kg$ VS. respectively, and lag phase decreased to 0.145, 0.220, 0.351 day due to acceleration of the hydrolysis step. Consequently, low-temperature thermal pre-treatment could increase biodegradability of sludge, positively affecting biogas production and sludge reduction.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.280-289
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• 2015

Anaerobic digestion is an efficient and renewable energy technology that can produce biogas from a variety of biomasses such as animal manure, food waste and plant residues. In developing countries this technology is widely used for the production of biogas using local biomasses, but there is little information about the value of these biomasses for energy production. This study was therefore carried out with the objective of estimating the biogas production potential of typical Vietnamese biomasses such as animal manure, slaughterhouse waste and plant residues, and developing a model that relates methane ($CH_4$) production to the chemical characteristics of the biomass. The biochemical methane potential (BMP) and biomass characteristics were measured. Results showed that piglet manure produced the highest $CH_4$ yield of 443 normal litter (NL) $CH_4kg^{-1}$ volatile solids (VS) compared to 222 from cows, 177 from sows, 172 from rabbits, 169 from goats and 153 from buffaloes. Methane production from duckweed (Spirodela polyrrhiza) was higher than from lawn grass and water spinach at 340, 220, and 110.6 NL $CH_4kg^{-1}$ VS, respectively. The BMP experiment also demonstrated that the $CH_4$ production was inhibited with chicken manure, slaughterhouse waste, cassava residue and shoe-making waste. Statistical analysis showed that lipid and lignin are the most significant predictors of BMP. The model was developed from knowledge that the BMP was related to biomass content of lipid, lignin and protein from manure and plant residues as a percentage of VS with coefficient of determination (R-square) at 0.95.This model was applied to calculate the $CH_4$ yield for a household with 17 fattening pigs in the highlands and lowlands of northern Vietnam.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2019

우리나라는 천연가스 수입국으로 2018년 미국이 수출한 물량의 20%를 수입할 정도로 많은 양을 수입하고 있다. 이에 가스 수요를 만족시키며, 기후변화 대응에 효과적으로 대응할 수 있는 바이오가스는 대체제가 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 바이오가스의 생산량의 20%만이 판매되고 있고, 이 역시 효율이 좋지 못해 활용하기 어려운 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 바이오가스를 도시가스로 공급 할 수 있는 최적의 정제 시스템을 개발을 목적으로 하였다. 시스템 선정을 위한 바이오가스에 대한 분석, 시스템 설계를 위한 사례 발굴, 시나리오 구성, 비용편익 툴을 개발하고 사례 적용하여 최적의 시스템을 개발하고자 하였다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 바이오가스의 공급이 부족한 환경에서 5MW급 바이오 가스터빈을 운전하기 위한 바이오가스와 도시가스의 혼합용 혼합챔버의 성능에 대한 수치해석 및 실증 시험을 수행한 것이다. 혼합챔버의 성능에 대한 수치해석으로 혼합챔버 출구부분에서의 불균일도와 압력강하를 계산하였다. 그 결과, 불균일도는 최소 0.05%에서 최대 0.16%로 이는 99%이상 바이오가스와 도시가스가 혼합되는 것을 의미한다. 압력강하는 입구압력 5bar대비 최소 0.07%에서 0.17%로 0.2%미만으로 나타났다. 이를 통해 현장에서 실증 시험을 수행한 결과 외기온도 $15^{\circ}C$조건에서 바이오가스를 $20.0Nm^3/min$, 도시가스를 $12.0Nm^3/min$ 공급할 경우 5MW급 바이오 가스터빈의 정상적인 운전이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 TPAD(Temperature Phased Anaerobic Digestion)시스템 [고온조($55^{\circ}C$)와 중온조 ($35^{\circ}C$)]과 이상혐기소화시스템[중온조($35^{\circ}C$)와 중온조($35^{\circ}C$)]공정을 비교하고, 이러한 공정을 적용한 유기성 자원별 바이오가스 생산량을 비교하는 것이었다. 원료별 TPAD시스템을 적용한 바이오가스 생산량을 비교해 볼 때, 고온조에서 돈분과 음식물류폐기물을 혼합한 원료를 사용한 경우는 돈분만 사용하였을 때 보다 혐기소화 공정의 안정화에 걸리는 기간은 3.5배가 지연되었지만, 중온조의 경우, 돈분과 음식물류폐기물을 혼용 처리하였을때 메탄가스 농도 약 70%로 체류시간을 5일 앞당겨 안정화 단계에 도달하는 것으로 나타났다. 돈분과 음식물류폐기물을 혼합한 원료의 경우 고온조에서 혐기소화 60일을 기점으로, 또한 중온조의 경우 초기단계인 혐기소화 3일 후부터 돈분만 사용한 경우 보다 누적 메탄가스 발생량이 많게 나타났다. 또한 혐기소화 공정측면에서 돈분을 이용한 TPAD시스템 운영은 이상혐기소화시스템보다 조기에 공정의 안정화 단계에 도달하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.130-136
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• 2011

Methane is known to be one of the major greenhouse gases. On a global scale, livestock farming may contribute 18% of total greenhouse gas emissions. Though methane contribution is less than 2% of all the factors leading to global warming, it plays an important role because it is 21 times more effective than carbon dioxide. Methane emission is a direct result of the fermentation process performed by ruminal microorganisms and, in particular, the archael methanogens. Reducing methane emission would benefit both ruminant production and the environment. Methane generation can be reduced by electron-sink metabolic pathways to dispose of the reducing moieties. An alternative way for methane control in the rumen is to apply inhibitors against methanogens. Generating methane from manure has considerable merit because it appears to offer at least a partial solution to two pressing problems-environmental crisis and energy shortage. An obvious benefit from methane production is the energy value of the gas itself. Control of methane emission by rumen microbes in Korea has mainly been focused on application of various chemicals, such as BES and PMDI, that inhibit the growth and activity of methanogens in the rumen. Alternatives were to apply long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and oils with or without organic acids (malate and fumarate). The results for trials with methane reducing agents and the situation of biogas production industries and a typical biogas plant in Korea will be introduced here.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 1990

Biomass to methane production is a good supply of substitutable energy resources. The economic viability of these systems depends a great deal on cost effective production methods and facilities. The operational problem is to determine the time eto allocate to each batch of several feedstocks for each digester and to determine the number of batches for each digester so as to maximize biogas production for two identical digesters over a fixed planning horizon. This paper provides an efficient approximation procedure which is based on decomposition of the problem and the analysis of incremental gas production function for each feedstock. The computational experience for the heuristic procedure was also reported.