• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.32 no.2 s.121
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• pp.97-101
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• 2007

A CRDI diesel engine used to commercial vehicle was fueled with diesel fuel and 5% biodiesel blended fuel (BDF 5%) and tested at the Seoul-10 mode for 150 hours. Engine dynamometer testing was completed at regularly scheduled intervals to monitor the engine performance and exhaust emissions. To check the engine parts (valve, injector), the engine was inspected after 150 hours running test. It was concluded that there was no unusual deterioration of the engine, or the changes in engine power (below 2.6%), smoke (below 6.2%), NOx (below 2%) and durability characteristics in spite of operation of 150 hours run with BDF 5%. The difference of kinetic viscosity for engine oil (before and after durability testing) was below 0.36%

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.287-293
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• 2015

The current study has investigated the effects of biodiesel blended with gasoline on the spray characteristics in a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber (CVCC). With the concentration of 5, 10, 15 and 20% by volume, biodiesel was blended with commercial gasoline and performed on the macroscopic visualization test. Pure gasoline and biodiesel were also tested as the reference. The shadowgraph technique was conducted in the constant volume chamber. The spray images were recorded by a high speed video camera with frame speed 10,000 frame per second. Fuel injection was set at 800, 1000 and 1,350 bar with the simulated speed 1,500 and 2,000 rpm. The back pressure was controlled at 20 bar. The spray angle and penetration tip were measured and analyzed by using the image processing. At the high injection pressure, the spray penetration length with the simulated speed 1,500 rpm showed that B100 was lower than GB00-20 whereas the spray penetration length with the simulated speed 2,000 rpm exhibited that GB blends and B100 were insignificantly different. Due to biodiesel concentration, its effects on spray angles were observed throughout injection periods (T1, T2 and T3). At the simulated speed 1,500 rpm, the spray angle of GB blends and B100 presented the same pattern following injection timing. In addition, when the simulated speed increased to 2,000 rpm the different spray angle of all blends disappeared at main injection (T3).

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2016

In the present study, a single cylinder four stroke dual fuel diesel engine was tested to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of various test fuels. The engine was tested in dual fuel mode using diesel and Karanja biodiesel blends as pilot fuel along with Natural gas as primary fuel with a constant gas flow rate under different loading conditions. From the experimentation it was found that smoke opacity and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are at low level for all the prepared test fuels in dual fuel mode but the emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and hydrocarbon (HC) were found higher. In comparison to diesel fuel, by increasing the blend percentage different emission parameters are found to be reduced. At different loading conditions all the test fuels show poor performance in dual fuel mode of operation when compared with single mode of operation with diesel and biodiesel. With increase in gas flow rates, except (NOx) and smoke emissions, the other emission parameters like CO, HC and $CO_2$ values increased for all test fuels. Again, all blended fuels showed lower performance compared to diesel. The maximum pilot fuel savings for diesel was found decreasing with the increase in karanja biodiesel. From the present work it may be concluded that Karanja biodiesel with Natural gas in dual mode can be can used as promising alternative for diesel with some required engine modifications and further research must be carried out to minimize the emissions of CO, HC and $CO_2$.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.32-37
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• 2011

Biodiesel fuel is already remarkable alternative fuel in many countries. So, many studies are performed on the environmental or economic effects as well as the characteristics of diesel engine fueled biodiesel in combustion and emission. In this study, an CRDI diesel engine used to commercial vehicle was fueled with diesel fuel and 20% biodiesel blended fuel (BDF 20%) with city mode in excess of 300 hours. Engine dynamometer testing was completed at regularly scheduled intervals to monitor the engine performance and exhaust emissions. The engine performance and exhaust emissions were sampled at 1 hour interval for analysis. To check the engine parts (valve and injector), the engine was inspected after test. It was concluded that there were no unusual deteriorations of the engine, or any unusual changes in engine power and exhaust emissions in spite of operation of 300 hours with BDF 20%.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.154-161
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• 2015

A novel process has successfully been developed by overcoming major difficulties through the elimination of number of process steps involved in the Classical Transesterification reaction during the preparation of Fatty Acid Methyl/Ethyl Ester (FAME.FAEE) called biodiesel. The Classical process with cost intensive process steps such as the utilization of excess alcohol, needing downstream distillation for the recovery and reutilization of excess alcohol/cosolvent, unrecoverable homogenous catalyst which consumes vast quantity of fresh distilled water during the purification of the product and downstream waste water treatment before its safe disposal to the surface water body. The Novel Process FAME/FAEE is produced from any vegetable oil irrespective of edible or inedible variety using sonication energy. The novelty of the finding is the use of only theoretical quantity of alcohol along with a co-solvent and reduced quantity of homogeneous catalyst. Under this condition neither the homogeneous catalyst goes to the FAME layer nor is the distillation needed. The same ester also has been prepared in high pressure high temperature reactor without using catalyst at sub critical temperature. The quality of prepared biodiesel without involving any purification step meets the ASTM standards. Blended Biodiesel with Common Diesel Fuel (CDF) and FAME is prepared, characterized and used as fuel in the Kirloskar make CI Engines. The evaluation of the engine performance result of pure CDF, B05 biodiesel, B10 biodiesel of all types of biodiesel prepared by using the feedstock of Soybean (Glycine max) and Karanja (Pongamia pinnate) oil along with their mixed oil provides useful information such as brake power, brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, etc, and established it as ideal fuel for unmodified CI engine.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.593-602
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• 2013

Biodiesel is an important new alternative transportation fuel and it can be produced by chemically reacting a fat or oil with an alcohol, in the presence of a catalyst. The product of the reaction is a mixture of methyl esters, which are known as biodiesel, and glycerol, which is a high value co-product. The process is known as transesterification. Biodiesel can be used neat and when used as a pure fuel it is known as BD100. However, it is often blended with petroleum-based diesel fuel and when this is done the blend is designated BD5 or BD20(BD20 is a blend of 20% biodiesel and 80% petroleum diesel fuel). Adherence to a quality standard is essential for proper performance of the fuel in the engine and will be necessary for widespread use of biodiesel. In this study, we analyzed 4,144 papers of biodiesel by category, country, institution, keyword etc. from 2001 to 2013 years.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2007

This paper is to investigate the characteristics of exhaust emissions and nano-particle emission from diesel passenger vehicle according to using biodiesel fuel as an alternative fuel. In this work, the particulate matters (PM) of exhaust emissions in diesel engine were investigated by number of particles and mass measurement. The mass of the total PM was measured using the standard gravimetric measurement method, the total number concentrations were measured on a ECE15+EUDC driving cycle using Condensation Particle Counter (CPC). Total PM emission was reduced $2{\sim}38%$ and number concentration was reduced $1{\sim}27%$ according to increasing blended ratio of biodiesel with diesel fuel. Total PM emission was reduced more than particle number emission because volatile particles were measured in total PM but were not measured in particle number emissions.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.27-46
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• 2023

This paper investigates how interfuel substitution affects carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions with a focus on the use of biodiesel blended fuels. The results show that the Divisia elasticity of diesel demand is the greatest because the transportation sector relies heavily on diesel. Also, while the own-price elasticity of each fuel demand is negative, the results reveal that diesel demand is more inelastic than the demand for gasoline and LPG. Moreover, gasoline is a substitute for diesel and electricity, and diesel is a substitute for LPG and a complement for electricity. Regarding the effects on carbon dioxide emissions, this paper computes the potential CO₂ emissions associated with interfuel substitution using the coefficients of CO₂ emissions. The results show that using biodiesel blended fuels contributes to reducing CO₂ emissions, but it appears that the price-induced interfuel substitution is a main factor affecting CO₂ emissions.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.143-148
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• 2010

In this study, the potential possibility of biodiesel fuel(BDF) and oxygenated fuel(ethylene glycolvmono-n-butyl ether; EGBE) was investigated as an effective method of decreasing the smoke emission. The smoke emission of blending fuel (BDF and EGBE 0~20 vol-%) was reduced in comparison with diesel fuel and it was reduced approximately 64% at 2000 rpm, full load in the 20% of blending rate. But torque and brake specific energy consumption( BSEC) didn't have no large differences. Also, the effects of exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) for the reduction of NOx emission has been investigated. Consequently, It was found that simultaneous reduction of smoke and NOx emission was achieved with BDF(90 vol-%) and EGBE(10 vol-%) blended fuel and cooled EGR method(5~10%).

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.132-136
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• 2015

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of biodiesel blending on spray and combustion characteristics. In order to this, blended fuels containing 0, 5, 20, 50, 100% biodiesel in weight fraction was injected via common rail to constant volume combustion chamber. As a result, spray cone angle decreased and the Sauter mean diameter increased because of the higher dynamic viscosity and density of biodiesel, however, it does not seemed that spray penetration was affected by these factors considerably. In the combustion experiment, ignition delay of biodiesel was shorter than that of diesel due to higher cetane number. And the peak value of heat release rate increased and the end of combustion was advanced owing to higher combustion efficiency cause by the characteristic of oxygenated fuel.