• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.106-114
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• 2017

There is an increasing concern over heavy metal(loid) contamination of soil in agricultural areas including paddy soils. This study was conducted to determine the bioconcentration factor (BCF) for heavy metal(loid)s to brown rice grown in paddy soils vulnerable to heavy metal(loid)s contamination, for the quantitative health risk assessment to the residents living nearby the metal contaminated regions. The samples were collected from 98 sites nationwide in the year 2015. The mean and range BCF values of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in brown rice were 0.027 (0.001 ~ 0.224), 0.143 (0.001 ~ 2.434), 0.165 (0.039 ~ 0.819), 0.028 (0.005 ~ 0.187), 0.006 (0.001 ~ 0.048), and 0.355 (0.113 ~ 1.263), respectively, with Zn showing the highest. Even though the relationship between heavy metal(loid) contents in the vulnerable soils and metal contents in brown rice collected at the same fields was not significantly correlated, the relationship between log contents of heavy metal(loid)s in the vulnerable soils and BCF of brown rice wes significantly correlated with As, Cd, Cu, and Zn in rice. In conclusion, soil environmental risk assessment for crop uptake should consider the bioconcentration factor calculated using both the initial and vulnerable heavy metal(loid) contents in the required soil and the crop cultivated in the same fields.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2012

In this study, a newly synthesized thiazolidinedione derivative, TD49 with a highly selective algicide to red tide, was examined in order to evaluate the bioconcentration on aquatic organisms of coast. BAF (accumulation of TD49 by aquatic food chain) and BCF (accumulation of TD49 by sea water) were examined employing the shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) as the feed organism, and the olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus as a consumer in marine ecosystem. Bioconcentration degree in sea water showed that the order in P. olivaceus was viscera > gill > muscle. The average BCF values of TD49 were 67.70, 63.32 and 20.25 at viscera, gill and muscle, respectively. Bioaccumulation degree using feed showed that the order in the organs of P. olivaceus was viscera > gill > muscle. The average BAF values of TD49 were 175.89, 114.88 and 32.59 at viscera, gill and muscle, respectively. When compared with two results, the accumulation by the food and water was higher than that by water. After the elimination experiment in sea water, the TD49 concentration was 2.81 nmole/g in the viscera and were not found in the gill and the muscle. More than 50% of the accumulated TD49 were eliminated from viscera in 7 days and all the accumulated TD49 were eliminated from gill and muscle in 7 days. On the other hand, the octanol/water partition coefficient (log $K_{ow}$) was measured to be 3.66 and experimental BCF of this study was 67.7.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.30-35
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• 1984

잉어에 의한 두 가지 유기린계(有機燐系) 살충제의 생물농축(生物濃縮)을 추구(追求)하기 위하여 실험실 조건하에서 수행한 실험결과 는 다음과 같다. 1) Diazinon과 fenitrothion의 1 ppm농도에서 잉어에 의한 생물농축계수(生物濃縮係數)는 24시간후에 각각 31과 57이었다. 이 계수(係數)는 잉어의 부위(部位)에 따라 달리 나타났는 바 내장(內臟)>기타 부위>아가미>근육(筋肉)의 순서로 나타났다. 2) 잉어를 fenitrothion의 세가지 농도에 28일간 노출시킨 결과 생물농축계수(生物濃縮係數)는 $96{\sim}138$로 나타났는 바 수중(水中)농도가 높을수록 적게 나타났다. Fenitrothion의 생체내(生體內) 농축(濃縮)은 계속적으로 일어났으며 조직내(組織內) 농도가 약 3.5ppm에서 평형(平衡)에 도달하였다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.25-32
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• 1996

The Bioconcentration factor(BCF) is used as an important criterion in the risk assessment of environmental contaminants. Also it can be used as indicator of biomagnification of environmentally hazardous chemicals through food-chain as well as a tool for ranking the bioconcentration potential of the chemicals in the environment. This paper reports the measured BCF value on carbofuran in Carassius auratus(goldfish), under steady state, and examined corelation between the BCF value and the depuration rate constant. Carassius auratus(goldfish) was chosen as test organism and test periods were 1-day, 3-day and 5-day. Experimental concentrations were 0.05, 0.10 and 0.50 ppm. Carbofuran in fish tissue and in test water was extracted with n-hexane and acetonitril. GC-ECD was used to detect and quantitate carbofuran. The depuration rate of carbofuran from the whole body of goldfish is determined over the 24-h period after treatment. The obtained results were as follows: 1. It was possible to determine short term BCFs of carbofuran through relatively simple procedure in environmental concentrations. 2. $BCF_1$ of carbofuran in concentration of 0.05, 0.10 and 0.50 ppm were 1.66, 1.64 0.61, $BCF_3$ were 2.08, 2.14, 0.66 and $BCF_5$ were 2.21, 2.57, 0.86, respectively. 3. Carbofuran concentration in fish extract was increased as increasing test concentration and prolonging test period, but $BCF_s$ in concentration of 0.50 ppm was greately decreased. 4. Determined deputation rate constants of carbofuran in concentration of 0.05, 0.10, 0.50 ppm were 0.076, 0.082 and 0.089, respectively. 5. It is considered that great decrease of $BCF_s$ in concentration of 0.50 ppm is due to high water solubility and stability of carbofuran in testwater. 6. It is suggested that low BCF of carbofuran is due to its relatively high water solubility and depuration rate, compared to BPMC, carbaryl and chlorothalonil.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.453-461
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• 2009

Killifish (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to an organophosphate pesticide, pirimiphos-methyl, in a flow-through system to determine the bioconcentration factor (BCF) following GLP (Good Laboratory Practice). This study was conducted at two different concentrations (1 and $10\;{\mu}$g/L) of $^{14}C$-labeled pirimiphos-methyl for 28 days uptake and 14 days depuration according to the OECD 305 test guideline. The $BCF_{ss}$ for total radioactive residues in whole fish were 1,251 and 1,277 for low and high concentrations, respectively. The $BCF_k$ based on the uptake and depuration rate constants were 1,200 for both low and high concentrations. During the depuration phase, the accumulated test substance was rapidly depurated from fish. Greater than 95% of the residue at steady-state was depurated after 2 days. Although the measured BCF values were high, pirimiphos-methyl could be evaluated as a low risk from bioaccumulation by aquatic organisms due to the short depuration period and low amount of bound residue (1.5%). We suggest that in evaluating bioaccumulation, not only the BCF should be considered, but also depuration time and bound residue in aquatic organisms give an indication of the potential environmental risks.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.1119-1127
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• 2010

The behavior of copper throughout the whole process of wastewater treatment plant that uses the activated sludge process to treat the wastewater of petrochemical industry that contains low concentration of copper was investigated. Total inflow rate of wastewater that flows into the aeration tank was $697\;m^3$/day with 0.369 mg/L of copper concentration, that is, total copper influx was 257.2 g/day. The ranges of copper concentrations of the influent to the aeration tank and effluent from the one were 0.315 ~ 0.398 mg/L and 0.159 ~ 0.192 mg/L, respectively. The average removal rate of copper in the aeration tank was 50.8 %. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of copper by microbes in the aeration tank was 3,320. The accumulated removal rate of copper throughout the activated sludge process was 71.3%, showing a high removal ratio by physical and chemical reactions in addition to biosorption by microbes. The concentration of copper in the solid dehydrated by filter press ranged from 74.8 mg/kg to 77.2 mg/kg and the concentration of copper by elution test of waste was 2.690 ~ 2.920 mg/L. It was judged that the copper concentration in dehydrated solid by bioconcentration could be managed with the control of that in the influent.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.213-220
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• 1998

Zebrafis(brachydanio rerio), red sword tail(Xiphophorus hellieri)을 이용하여 카르바메이트계 농약인 BPMC, carbaryl 및 carbofuran을 실험 농도 0.05, 0.01, 0.50 ppm 및 각 농약에 대해 측정한 96시간 $LC_{50}$ 농도의 1/100, 1/1000에서 단기간(3일, 5일, 8일) 생물농축계수(Bioconcentration factor (BCF))를 측정하였으며, 아울러 배설 속도 상수(depuration rate constant)를 구하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. BPMC와 carbaryl의 경우 sebrafish의 체내 농축정도와 BCF 값은 red sword tail보다 적었다. 실험농도가 증가할수록 어류 체내에서의농축 정도는 증가하였고, BCF값도 증가하였다. 실험 농도가 같은 경우, BPMC는 실험기간이 증가 할 수록 어류 체내에서의 농축정도와 BCF는 감소하였으며, 이것은 기간이 늘어나면서 체외로 배출되는 농약의 양이 증가하기 때문이라 생각된다. 그러나, carbaryl의 경우는 실험기간이 같은 경우, zebrafish의 0.50ppm에서는 BCF가, 농도가 높을수록 증가하는 경향과는 달리 BCF가 감소하였다. Carbofuran의 경우, 실험 전 기간동안 zebrafish 체내에서 carbofuran이 검출되지 않았으며, red sword tail의 96시간 LC50의 1/1000과 1/100 농도에서는 검출한계 미만으로 BCF값을 산출할 수 없었으며, 실험농도 0.05와 0.10ppm에서, 실험 기간에 따른 어류체내 농축정도와 BCF값은 BPMC, carbaryl과 같은 경향을 나타내고 있다. 아울러, 이들 농약의 배설속도 상수는 carbofuran, carbaryl, BPMCtns으로 높게 나타났다. Carbofuran의 어류 체내 농축정도와 BCF값이 carbaryl과 BPMC보다 상대적으로 낮은 이유는 carbofuran의 수용성과 배설속도 상수가 이들 농약에 비해 상대적으로 크기 때문이며, 이로 인해 실제 환경 중에서도 생물농축효과가 현저히 작을 것으로 예측된다.

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 1995년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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• pp.209.1-209
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• 1995

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.457-461
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• 1993

Bioconcentration factors (BCF) in fish of organic nonelectrolytes are well correlated by a linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) of the form : log BCF= -0.95 + 4.74 $V_I/100 - 4.39{\beta} + 0.88{\alpha}$ where $V_I$ is the intrinsic solute molecular volume and ${\beta}$ and ${\alpha}$ are the solvatochromic parameters that measure hydrogen bond acceptor basicity and donor acidity of the compound. The LSER model can not only correlate the property with an accuracy comparable to molecular connectivity model but also provide a quantitative informationon on the nature and relative strength of solute-target system interactions affecting the property of interest. Such an information can hardly be obtained from molecular connectivity model.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.99-106
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the bioconcentration of dichlorvos, methidathion and phosalone in zebrafish (brachydanio rerio), red sword tail(Xiphophorus hellieri). The fishes were exposed to 0.05 ppm, 0.01 ppm, 0.50 ppm, one-hundredth concentration of 96-hrs LC$_{50}$ and one-thousandth concentration of 96-hrs LC$_{50}$ and test periods were 3, 5 and 8 days. The deputation rate of each pesticide from the whole body of fish was determined over the 24-hr period after treatment. Obtained results are summerized as follows: In the case of dichlorvos, dichlorvos concentration in zebrafish extract and BCF$_{s}$ of dichlorvos were increased as increasing test concentration. In the case of same experimental concentrations, dichlorvos concentration in zebrafish extract and BCF$_{s}$ of dichlorvos were decreased as proloning test periods, especially dropped after 5days. Dichlorvos concentration in red sword tail extract were increased as increasing test concentration, lyat BCF$_{s}$ in concentration of 0.05 ppm, 0.01 ppm and one-hundredth of 96-hrs LC$_{50}$ were decreased. Methidathion and phosalone concentration in zebrafish extract in zebrafish extract were increased as increasing test concentration, but there was little difference in BCF$_{s}$. In the case of same experimental concentrations, there were little differences in BCF$_{s}$ and concentration in zebrafish extract. In the case of red sword tail, it was impossible to calculate on BCF$_{s}$ data because test concentration was under the detecting limit on GC or test fish were die. Determined deputation rate conatant were highest on dichlorvos, and followed by methidathion, and phosalone. The results of determining depuration rate of these pesticides showed that the high BCF in fish might be due to the slow depuration rate in fish, it is thought to be responsible for vapor pressure, water solubility and partition coefficient. It is suggested that one-hundredth concentration of 96-hrs LC$_{50}$ will be proper test concentration because one-thousundth of LC$_{50}$ was under the detecting limit on GC. Dichlorvos, methidathion and phosalone, organophosphorous pesticides, were examined to their BCF$_{s}$ and depuration rates by means of fish test.