• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.497-503
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• 2016

Eco-friendly biocide that do not have noxious chemicals, have a role of disinfection adding of dispersion and strengthening peer power on RO membranes surfaces. Eco-friendly biocide show an 93% improvement of differential pressures arrival time. Also, eco-friendly biocide's Autopsy result show less the percentage of organic pollutants than currently in using biocide. Adding dispersion & peeling strength power to remove the microorganisms is upgrading. Eco-friendly biocide that have a dispersion and peering power is non-toxicant chemicals and is safe for user.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.86-90
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• 2002

Cooling water sampled at Pohang Steel Company, Korea, was used to study the effect of biocide (NaOCl) on biofilm formation and metal corrosion. Planktonic microorganisms were killed in the presence of biocide (0.2％ NaOCl) within 1.5 h, but not sessile microorganisms in biofilms even after one week. Black color of biofilms, possibly due to the activity of sulfate reducing bacteria, were made with the natural cooling waters, while orange color of biofilms were formed when cooling waters were autoclaved or when 0.2％ NaOCl was added to the natural cooling waters. Microbially influenced corrosion rate in black color of biofilms was 2.3 fold higher than that in orange color of biofilms.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.332-336
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• 2005

The average specific growth rate of C. reinhardtii (${\mu}$) was decreased with increase in biocide concentrations. The toxicity of biocides toward was as follows (in descending order of toxicities): herbicide 〉 pesticide 〉fungicide. $EC_{50}$ in each biocide was 0.0017 mg/L, 1.06 mg/L and 13.3 mg/L for herbicide, pesticide and fungicide respectively. When herbicide and pesticide were mixed, $EC_{50}$ was decreased by $2.7{\times}10^{-7}mg/L$. $EC_{50}$ in effective components of each biocide was 5.26 mg/L, 9.37 mg/L and 20.58 mg/L for herbicide, pesticide and fungicide respectively. Mixed main components of herbicide and pesticide caused to decrease by 3.10 mg/L.

• Food Industry And Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.33-39
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• 2001

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.267-272
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• 2015

The performance of three tubular materials (C-90, L-80, and N-80) was evaluated in a synthetic brine inoculated with sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the absence and presence of biocides. A flow loop was used in the evaluation of the three alloys. Morphological examination of the alloy surfaces after exposure to SRB and after biocide treatment was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the nature of any localized corrosion. The SE images of the coupon samples showed a marked difference between the biocide-treated and untreated samples. Small pits were observed on the ultrasonically cleaned surfaces of the three alloys after exposure to SRB. The biocide treatment reduced the number of SRB on the surfaces of the alloys. Results indicated that C-90 and L-80 alloys exhibited better MIC resistance than N-80 under the conditions used in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.5 s.133
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• pp.50-56
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• 2005

The effect of wood material type on biocide retention and distribution during supercritical fluid impregnation was assessed using three different wood types including solid wood, plywood and oriented strand board (OSB). The result revealed that biocide treatability differed with structural composition and permeability of the various materials. Low treatability of plywood might be attributed to interferences of glue line limiting fluid movement. OSB samples showed higher biocide retentions, resulting from the presence of interconnecting gaps permitting more open flow.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.169-176
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• 2013

Objectives: The aim of this study is to critically review the health effects of not only direct exposure to biocide, but also indirect exposure to by-product hazardous agents generated through the use of biocide in metalworking operations. Methods: An extensive literature review was conducted of studies reporting on respiratory disease cases, particularly hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), in environments using water-soluble metalworking fluids (MWFs). Keyword search terms included 'metalworking fluids', 'machining fluids', 'metalworking operation' 'machining operation' and 'biocide', which were also used in combination. Additional articles were identified in references cited in the articles reviewed. Results: Several of the field, epidemiological and experimental studies reviewed assumed that the symptoms and signs typical of HP developed in machinists who handled water-soluble MWF could be caused by inhalation exposure to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Most NTM are known to be not only resistant to both biocide and disinfectant, but also to have acid-fast cell walls that are highly antigenic. The presence or persistence of the Mycobacterium species, referred to as NTM, in metalworking fluid-using operations may be caused by NTM contamination in either the natural water or tap water that is used to dilute the base oil and additives for water-soluble MWFs. This hypothesis that NTM contamination in water-soluble MWFs is a causative agent of HP has high biologic plausibility, such as antigenic property, hydrophobicity and small diameter (< 5 um). Conclusions: Aerosolized mycobacteria colonized from MWF are likely to be causing the HP. Inhalation exposure to mycobacteria should be considered as a possible cause for the development of HP.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.609-615
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• 2008

In this study, the design of UV-free reflecting reactor was studied to enhance the cutting fluid life for cutting machine. And also, the stability of cutting fluid with addition of biocide in cutting fluid and without biocide was compared with respect to the cutting fluid concentration, pH changes and microorganisms. Low number of microorganism was observed in the cutting fluid after UV-free reflecting treatment as compare to the cutting fluid which was added biocide and just cutting fluid alone. PH of the cutting fluid after UV-free reflecting treatment was about 9$\sim$8.5 while others were observed considerably low. The oil contents of cutting fluid which was added biocied and pure cutting fluid were almost degraded with the passage of time. However, in case of UV-free reflecting reactor, 4$\sim$3.5 Brix oil contents were observed in the cutting fluid.

• ALGAE
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.311-319
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• 2014

The biocide sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is widely used for controlling algal growth, and this application can be extended to marine environments as well. This study evaluates the biocidal efficiency and cellular toxicity of NaOCl on the harmful dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides, with emphasis on pigment production and antioxidant enzyme activity. The test organism showed dose-dependent decrease in growth rate on exposure to NaOCl, and the 72 h $EC_{50}$ was measured to be $0.584mg\;L^{-1}$. NaOCl significantly decreased pigment levels and chlorophyll autofluorescence intensity, indicating possible detrimental effects on the photosystem of C. polykrikoides. Moreover, it significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, suggesting the production of reactive oxygen species in the cells. These data indicate that NaOCl exerted deleterious effects on the photosynthetic machinery and induced oxidative damage in the dinoflagellate and this biocide could be effectively used for the control of algal blooms.

• Proceedings of the Polymer Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.378-378
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• 2006

The preparation, characterization, and bio-testing of biocide incorporated silicone coatings for marine applications have been conducted. Derivatives of the biocide, Triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2, 4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol), were used to covalently attach the biocide moiety to a silicone backbone. The synthetic process allowed for control of the resulting coating's mechanical properties as well as antifouling/fouling release performance in laboratory and ocean site testing. The test results showed significantly reduce macro fouling with sustained fouling release characteristics for the coatings produced.