• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2003

Currently bone biochemical markers are considered to be the best indicators of present and the future state of bone turnover. A recent study has reported that chlorella increases the bone mineral density (BMD) on postmenopausal women, but presently there are no studies on bone biochemical markers treated with chlorella dietary supplementation. The purpose of the present study was to assess the bone biochemical markers for the short term and long term treatment groups, and non-treatment group as a control. Twenty two postmenopausal woman were treated for four months and eighteen for one year with 4 gm of chlorella dietary supplementation per day, and then assessed bone biochemical markers from serum and urine samples. Bone turnover rates calculated with Osteocalcin (OC), bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) as a bone formation markers and deoxypyridinoline (DP), cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen (NTx) as a bone resorption markers, showed 1131$\pm$87% for control group, 61$\pm$11% for short term treated group and 190$\pm$101% for long term treated group. We conclude that chlorella dietary supplementation enhances the bone formation, and NTx as a single markers, OC/Dp as a single markers of bone turnover rate were very useful tools for determine the effectiveness of chlorella dietary supplementation (or the postmenopausal women.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.208-213
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• 2002

목 적 : 수술 중, 후의 심근 손상은 선천성 심질환에 대한 개심술 후 심장 기능 부전의 주원인이다. 이 연구에서는 심근 세포에서만 발견되는 cardiac troponinI를 측정함으로서 수술 중, 후 심근 손상 정도와 회복 여부를 반영할 생화학적 표지자로서의 가치를 확인하고자 하였다. 방 법: 2001년 4월부터 7월까지 선천성 심질환으로 진단받고 개심술을 위해 본원에 입원한 환아 34명을 대상으로 하였다. Cardiac troponin I 치의 측정을 위해 술전 24시간 이내, 술후 1, 2, 3, 7일째에 각각 채혈을 시행했고, CPB 시간, ACC 시간, 기도 삽관시간, 수술 후 입원 기간을 측정하였다. 결 과 : Cardiac troponin I 치는 수술 후 1일째가 수술 전에 비해 유의한 증가가 있었고, 2, 3, 7일째에는 점차적으로 유의한 감소를 보였다. 심질환 별로는 수술 후 1일째 대혈관 전위에서 cardiac troponin I 치가 가장 높았고, 활로씨 4징, 방실중격결손, 심실중격결손, 심방중격결손 순으로 높은 치를 나타내었다. 심장폐 우회술 시간이 길수록, ACC 시간이 길수록 수술 후 1일째 cardiac troponin I 농도가 높았고, cardiac troponin I 농도가 높을수록 기도삽관 시간이 길었으나 입원 기간과는 상관관계가 없었다. 결 론: 개심술 후 시간에 따라, 개심술을 시행한 심질환에 따라 cardiac troponin I 농도의 의미 있는 증가와 점차적인 감소를 보임으로써 cardiac troponinI는 개심술 후 심근 손상의 정도 및 심근 손상에서의 회복 여부를 반영하는 생화학적 표지자로 가치가 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.38-42
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• 2006

When whole cells are subjected to pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) analysis, it provides biochemical profiles containing overlapping signals of the majority of compounds. To determine marker compounds that discriminate embryogenic calluses from nonembryogenic calluses, samples of embryogenic and nonembryogenic calluses of five higher plant species were subjected to Py-GC/MS. Genetic programming of Py-GC/MS data was able to discriminate embryogenic calluses from nonembryogenic calluses. The content ratio of 5-meyhyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde and 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furancarboxaldehyde was greater in nonembryogenic calluses than in embryogenic calluses. However, the content ratio of phenol, p-cresol, and $^1H-indole$ in embryogenic calluses was 1.2 to 2.4 times greater than the ratio in nonembryogenic calluses. These pyrolysates seem to be derived from the components of the cell walls, which suggests that differences in cell wall components or changes in the architecture of the cell wall playa crucial role in determining the embryogenic competence of calluses.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.1505-1512
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• 2005

Bile salt deconjugation is the most biologically significant reaction among the bacterial alterations of bile acids in the gastrointestinal tract of human and animal. The responsible enzyme, bile salt hydrolase (BSH), catalyzes the hydrolysis of glycineand/or taurine-conjugated bile salts into amino acid residues and deconjugated bile acids. Herein we review current knowledge on the distribution of BSH activity among various microorganisms with respect to their biochemical and molecular characteristics. The proposed physiological impact of BSH activity on the host animal as well as on the BSH-producing bacterial cells is discussed. BSH activity of the probiotic strains is examined on the basis of BSH hypothesis, which was proposed to explain cholesterol-lowering effects of probiotics. Finally, the potential applications of BSH research are briefly discussed.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.189-199
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• 2015

Objectives: The marker substances of cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture that may not be detected during the process of steaming remain controversial. We developed a combined cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture that contains all the marker substances. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the marker substances and test the toxicity of the combined cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture. Methods: The marker substances were detected using HPLC. Intravenous injection toxicity studies were conducted at Medvill, an authorized institution for non-clinical studies, under the regulations of Good Laboratory Practice. We observed survival rates, abnormal behaviors, weight changes, gross findings in autopsy, blood biochemical properties, and histological abnormalities of organs such as the liver and kidney. Results: HPLC data showed that ginsenosides Rg1, Rb1, and Rg3 were detected at concentrations of 19.29, 47.64, and 3.02 μ g /ml, respectively. Administration of combined cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture resulted in no dead animals or significant toxicological changes. Conclusions: The combined cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture contains all the marker substances and is a relatively safe treatment medium. Further studies should be conducted to confirm the present findings.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.167-179
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• 1994

Recent evidence indicates that glial cells have a wide range of funtions which are critical for maintaining a balanced homeostatic environment in the central nervous system(CNS) peripheral nervous system(PNS). Morever, astrocytes are known to participate in the tissue repair and neuroimmunologic events within the CNS through many kinds of growth factors and cytokines. We investigated the effect of $TGF\;{\beta}_1$, on the growth and biochemical changes of rat glial cells in culture. The proliferative effect was determined by $^3H-thymidine$ uptake and the double immunostain with anti-cell-specific marker and anti-Bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU) antibody. To check the effect of biochemical changes we compared the amounts of glial fibrillar acidic protein(GFAP) and the activity of glutamine synthetase(GS) in astrocyte. And the amounts of myelin basic protein and the activity of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide phosphohydrolase(CNPase) were measured in oligodendrocyte and the amounts of peripheral myelin in Schwann cell. When $TGF\;{\beta}_1$, was treated for 2 days with cultured glial cell, $TGF\;{\beta}_1$, decreased the $^3H-thymidine$ uptake and proliferation index of double immunostain of astrocytes, which indicates the inhibition of astroglial DNA synthesis, but stimulated the growth of Schwann cell. Also, $TGF\;{\beta}_1$, decrease the GS activity and increased the amounts of GFAP in astrocyte. In the case of Schwann cells the amounts of peripheral myelin was increased when treated with $TGF\;{\beta}_1$. However, $TGF\;{\beta}_1$, didn't show any effect on the proliferation and biochemical changes in oligodendrocyte. These results suggest that $TGF\;{\beta}_1$, might have a critical action in the regulation of proliferation and biochemical changes in glial cells, especially astrocyte.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.161-168
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• 1997

나이가 들어가면서 나타나는 여러 가지 변화를 임상적으로 검사하고 측정하므로써 건강상태를 예측하는 것은 노화를 지연시키고 건강한 삶을 유지하는데 상당히 유용하고 기초적인지표가 될 것이다. 점차 증가일로에 있는 노인성 질환의 여러 문제점을 해결하기 위해 노령인구 집단을 정상군과 치매군으로 구분하여 13종의 임상화학 검사를 시행한 결과, 두 집단 사이에서, 임상 생화학적 검사의 양상이 다를 것이라는 예측대로의 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 즉, serum albumin, APase, glucose, GOT, LDH 등의 수치는 정상군과 치매군 사이에서 현저한 차이를 보이는 반면, bilirubin, BUN, cholesterol, creatinine, total protein 등의 검사 수치에서는 별다른 차이를 볼 수 없었으며 , 그밖에 calcium, GPT, Pi 검사 등의 결과에서도 두 집단 사이에서 차이를 보였다. 이것은 치매가 체내에서 많은 생화학적 변화를 일으킴을 시사하고, 치매 발병에 여러 가지 환경 요인이 영향을 미치게 될 것이라는 결론을 유도할 수 있게 한다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.212-217
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• 1995

내한성이 약한 유채(B. napus)와 내한성이 강한 산동채(B. campestris)를 공시하여 발아초기단계에서의 장기저온순화처리가 peroxidase와 superoxide dismutase 활성도 및 동위효소 pattern에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 작물 내한성 기작을 생화학적으로 구명함과 아울러 내한성 관련 genetic marker를 탐색하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 장기저온순화시킨 유묘를 저온처리후 24시간 회복시켰을 경우, peroxidase 활성도는 유채와 산동채의 뿌리부위에서 각각 157%와 50%, 배축부위에서는 201%와 250% 정도 크게 증가하였고, superoxide dismutase 역시 배축 및 뿌리부위에서 크게 활성화가 일어남을 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한 배축부위에서의 단백질 함량도 유채는 약 11.4%, 산동채는 57.4% 증가하였다. 장기저온순화처리로 새로 생합성된 peroxidase 동위 효소들중 특히 5번 band(pl 6.4)는 유채와 산동채의 뿌리부위에서 모두 출현될 뿐만 아니라 내한성이 강한 산동채의 배축부위에서도 강하게 출현되어 내한성 관련 genetic marker로써의 이용 가능성을 높여 주었다. 이상의 결과와 전보의 결과들을 종합적으로 고찰하여 저온 shock에 따른 분자산소의 생화학적 상호전환 모델을 제시하여 작물 내한성 기작을 생화학적으로 추론하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권14호
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• pp.6007-6010
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• 2015

Background: Chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) is a malignant hematopoietic disorder, the most common of all adult leukemias with a distinctive immunophenotype. It is well established that CLL patients can have autoimmune complications, amongst them autoimmune hemolytic anemia as the most frequent. This study was carried out to determine the frequency of direct Coombs Test positivity in CLL patients and its possible correlation with Rai staging, hematological parameters and biochemical markers. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was carried at Liaquat National Hospital from January 2011 to June 2013. Sixty untreated patients with B- chronic lymphoid leukemia were enrolled. Complete blood count, direct Coombs test, serum urea, creatinine, uric acid and LDH levels were determined. Data were compiled and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: Out of 60 patients, 42(70%) were males and 18(30%) were females. Mean age was $59{\pm}9.2years$. Male to female ratio was 2.1: 1. The frequency of direct antiglobulin test (DAT) positivity was found to be 23.3%. The monospecific IgG was positive in 11 patients (18.3%); C3d positivity was evident in 1 patient (1.6%) and 2 patients (3.3%) had dual IgG and C3d positivity. The mean hemoglobin was $10.8{\pm}2.4gm/dl$. Significantly low mean hemoglobin of $8.3{\pm}3.0gm/dl$ was seen in Coombs positive patients compared with negative patients having a mean hemoglobin level of $11.7{\pm}1.6gm/dl$ (P<0.001). DAT positivity also demonstrated a positive association with advanced Rai stage III disease (P<0.01). No associations were noted with age, gender and biochemical markers. Conclusions: Direct Coombs test positivity in CLL in our patients, unlike in Western studies, appears relatively high, indicating significant autoimmune hemolytic anemia and advanced Rai stage in our setting. DAT positivity can be considered as a surrogative marker for advanced clinical disease.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.323-327
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• 2012

Objective : The purpose of this study was to verify the appropriateness of ovariectomized rats as the osteoporosis animal model. Methods : Twelve female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a sham operation (the sham group) or bilateral ovariectomy [the ovariectomy (OVX) group]. Eight weeks after operations, serum biochemical markers of bone turnover were analyzed; osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase, which are sensitive biochemical markers of bone formation, and C-terminal telopeptide fragment of type I collagen C-terminus (CTX), which is a sensitive biochemical marker of bone resorption. Bone histomorphometric parameters and microarchitectural properties of 4th lumbar vertebrae were determined by micro-computed tomographic (CT) scan. Results : The OVX group showed on average 75.4% higher osteocalcin and 72.5% higher CTX levels than the sham group, indicating increased bone turnover. Micro-CT analysis showed significantly lower bone mineral density (BMD) (p=0.005) and cortical BMD (p=0.021) in the OVX group. Furthermore, the OVX group was found to have a significantly lower trabecular bone volume fraction (p=0.002). Conclusion : Our results showed that bone turnover was significantly increased and bone mass was significantly decreased 8 weeks after ovariectomy in rats. Thus, we propose that the ovariectomized rat model be considered a reproducible and reliable model of osteoporosis.