• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.140-140
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• 2017

Nutritious and functional foods from crop have received great attention in recent years. Colored-grain wheat contains high phenolic compound and a large number of flavonoid. The anthocyanin and polyphenolic synthesis and accumulation is generally stimulated in response to biotic or abiotic stresses. Here, we analyzed genome wide transcripts in seedling of colored-grain wheat response to ABA and PEG treatment. About 900 and 1500 transcripts (p-value < 0.05) from ABA and PEG treatment were aligned to IWGSC1+popseq DB which is composed of over 110,000 transcripts including 100,934 coding genes. NR protein sequences of Poaceae from NCBI and protein sequence of transcription factors originated from 83 species in plant transcription factor database v3.0 were used for annotation of putative transcripts. Gene ontology analysis were conducted and KEGG mapping was performed to show expression pattern of biosynthesis genes related in flavonoid, isoflavonoid, flavons and anthocyanin biopathway. DroughtDB (http://pgsb.helmholtz-muenchen.de/droughtdb/) was used for detection of DEGs to explain that physiological and molecular drought avoidance by drought tolerance mechanisms. Drought response pathway, such as ABA signaling, water and ion channels, detoxification signaling, enzymes of osmolyte biosynthesis, phospholipid metabolism, signal transduction, and transcription factors related DEGs were selected to explain response mechanism under water deficit condition. Anthocyanin, phenol compound, and DPPH radical scavenging activity were measured and antioxidant activity enzyme assays were conducted to show biochemical adaptation under water deficit condition. Several MYB and bHLH transcription factors were up-regulated in both ABA and PEG treated condition, which means highly expressed MYB and bHLH transcription factors enhanced the expression of genes related in the biosynthesis pathways of flavonoids, such as anthocyanin and dihydroflavonols in colored wheat seedlings. Subsequently, the accumulation of total anthocyanin and phenol contents were observed in colored wheat seedlings, and antioxidant capacity was promoted by upregulation of genes involved in maintaining redox state and activation of antioxidant scavengers, such as CAT, APX, POD, and SOD in colored wheat seedlings under water deficit condition. This work may provide valuable and basic information for further investigation of the molecular responses of colored-grain wheat to water deficit stress and for further gene-based studies.

• Mycobiology
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.449-456
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• 2019

Invasive fungal infections caused by Cyberlindnera fabianii have recently increased. However, biochemical kits such as API 20 C AUX and Vitek-2C have misidentified this species as other Candida spp. such as C. pelliculosa or C. utilis due to no information of Cy. fabianii in yeast database. During our 2016-2017 surveys, eleven isolates of Cy. fabianii were obtained in International St. Mary's Hospital in Korea. Here, we describe its morphological and molecular characteristics and tested its antifungal susceptibility against nine antifungal agents. The sequences of the ITS region and the D1/D2 region of LSU revealed 100% identity with the sequences of Cy. fabianii. In comparison with the results from MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, we found that Cy. fabianii can be distinguished from other species. In antifungal susceptibility test, voriconazole and echinocandins exhibited good antifungal activities against the majority of Cy. fabianii isolates despite the absence of standard criteria.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제51호
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• pp.153-170
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• 2017

본 연구는 대테러를 위한 시스템적 접근과 위기관리적 접근을 중심으로 우리나라 대테러시스템 운영의 재모색을 해보고자 한다. 우리나라 대테러시스템의 개방적 통합적 준거로, 대테러를 위한 기능적 연계중심의 개방 시스템과 통합 시스템간의 상관관계 및 거버넌스 활성화 차원의 민간 부문과의 협력 방안의 방향과 세부내용으로는 민간 부문과의 협력을 위해 우선 법적 근거를 마련하고 대테러활동을 수행하기 위하여 대테러관계기관의 관리 및 감독 하에 민간경비와의 파트너십을 통한 개방적 의식전환이 요구됨을 제시하였다. 또한 위기관리적 접근을 통해 예방단계에서는 생화학 테러 관련 법제를 마련하여 규제를 보다 강화해야 할 것이다. 대비단계에서는 국민의 테러 안전의식 배양, 가칭 '테러방지의 날' 제정으로 자발적인 테러 안전의식 고취 확산, 시민들의 자발적인 참여와 관심을 기울일 수 있는 시민신고 포상금 제도 확대, 테러발생 대비의 실질적인 훈련체계가 확립되어야 할 것이다. 대응단계에서는 관계기관간의 네트워크망을 형성하여 정보 공유를 통한 통합 시스템으로 현장대응 관리가 이루어져야 할 것이다. 복구단계에서는 테러로 인한 사고로부터 사회에 복귀할 수 있는 부상자 및 유가족들의 장기적인 관리시스템이 마련되어져야 할 것이다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.262-267
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• 2010

마그네슘($Mg^{2+}$)은 325 개 이상의 생리적 및 생화학적 과정에 필수적인 조효소이며 신경활성, 심장근 감수성, 신경근 전달, 근수축, 혈관운동 긴장과 혈압 등의 신체활동과 관련된 일련의 과정에서 중요한 역할은 한다. 하지만 신체활동과 관련된 혈액 이온화 $Mg^{2+}$ ($iMg^{2+}$)에 관한 보고는 거의 없을 뿐만 아니라 혈액 총 $Mg^{2+}$을 측정한 연구결과들은 논란의 여지가 있다. 대사적 요구가 증가하는 단기간의 고강도 운동에서 혈액 $iMg^{2+}$의 변화를 측정하였다. 고강도의 수영운동 후에 혈액 산도, 혈당, 중탄산염, 산소 및 칼슘은 감소한 반면, 젖산, 이산화탄소, $iMg^{2+}$, 나트륨, 칼륨은 유효한 증가를 보였다. 고강도 수영에서 혈액 $iMg^{2+}$의 변화는 혈액 산도, 혈당, 중탄산염과 칼슘의 변화와는 역관계의 상관을 보인 반면, 젖산과 음이온차와는 정관계의 유의한 상관을 보였다. 이 결과는 단기간 고강도의 수영운동이 고마그네슘혈증을 야기할 수 있고 이는 대사성 및 호흡성 산증에 의한 근육내 $iMg^{2+}$의 증가에 수반하는 근육에서의 $iMg^{2+}$ 유출의 증가에 의한 것으로 판단된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.99-108
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• 1998

베네수엘라분선충의 충란, 자충 띤 성충을 장기간 보존할 수 있는 방안을 마련하기 위하여 여러 가지 배양환경에 대한 연구를 수헝하였던 바, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 분변 내의 충란은 $4^{\circ}C$ 에서 25일간, 실온에서는 15일간 생존하였으며, 분변에서 분리한 충란은 $4^{\circ}C$의 생리적 식염수에 서 24시간 생존하였으나, 상실배기의 충란은 건조한 공기에 민감하여 12시간 내에 환성을 잃었다. 감염형 자충을 polyvinylbag에 넣어 $20^{\circ}C$에 보관하였을 경우, 분변 물질이 첨가된 0.12% 영양배 지에서는 45일, 영양배지는 28일간 생존하였다 한편, 영양배지에서 배양된 감염 자충은 상수에서 는 32일간, 멸균 식염수에서는 22일간 생존하였다. 인공감염시켜 얻은 성충은 $37^{\circ}C$에서 9일간, 9:1배지 (10% 쥐 혈청을 첨가)와 혈청을 첨가하지 않은 영양배지를 매일 교환하여 주어도 4일동안 밖에 생존하지 못하였다. 성충 암컷은 실험관 내에서 산란하고, 자충으로 부화되었지만 혈청을 첨가한 배지에서도 감염자충으로 발육하지 못하였다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.390-400
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• 2010

This study is aimed to test physiological and hematological actions of Rheum palmatum through clinical pilot study optimized for usual oriental medicine prescription. Thirty-one cases were finally collected and the sample extract 100 $m{\ell}$ of Rheum palmatum (ERP) was administered two times in a day during 3 days and checked with blood CBC test, urinalysis, liver function test, abdominal X-ray as well as general diagnostic process of oriental medicine; pattern identification, assessment of shapes and constitution. The total toxic effective rate of ERP was 9.68% in 3 cases of the whole in case of consistent uneasy state in the subjective symptomatic assessment and aggravation of blood and urine examination. The relevant diagnostic factors were so-eum constitution and essence type subject, carapaces species, lung type in the aspect of Jisan shape theory. On the other hand, the positive effective rate of ERP was 29.03% manifesting improvement of vital signs or present illness and no abnormal changes of blood chemistry and urinalysis and simple abdomen radiology. The relevant diagnostic factors were tae-eum constitution, energy type subject, aves species, heart and liver type in Jisan's shape theory. And the other cases were manifesting no specific change through the administration of ERP. The ratio of the numbers of decrease and increase was 44:5 in the tenderness and hardness of abdominal palpation. But if the pattern identification doesn't comply with the aim of rhubarb application despite of constipation and abdominal pain, the tendeness and biochemical report was shown in abnormal change. The mean number of diarrhea by ERP was $16.77{\pm}6.95$ during 3 days after administration, and the frequent areas of abdominal pain were lower>middle>upper in order, and it meant the target site of ERP too. Besides, the toxic reaction against ERP was expressed highly in case of decrease in blood cell count and hemoglobin, hematocrit having blood deficiency syndrome. Likewise, the toxicity of ERP was influenced by pattern identification manifesting present disease condition and diagnostic factors of four constitutions, Jisan's shape theory collaterally. In conclusion, evaluation of herbal toxicity in order for using as a clinical guideline, various diagnostic pattern information and shape features like the above should be studied together with other pharmacologic toxicology test for the future.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to compare the relative risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) in middle aged adults with different body weights. 155 subjects living in urban Beijing were recruited from 24 neighborhood committees of urban Beijing. They were divided into normal weight, overweight and obese groups according to their BMIs. The general information of the subjects was collected using an interview-administered questionnaire. Standard procedure was followed to measure subject's weight, height and waist. Biochemical parameters (total cholesterol (TC), low- and high­density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C ; HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and fasting glucose) and blood pressure were also determined. The results indicated that the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, HDL-C of obese group was lower than that of the normal weight group. Fasting glucose of obese males was significantly higher than that of normal weight males. No significant difference of fasting glucose was found among female groups. No significant difference of TG was found among male groups, while TG of overweight and obese females was both significantly higher than normal weight females. There was no significant difference of TC and LDL-C among normal weight, overweight and obese groups in both males and females. The MS rate of obese males was significantly higher than the normal weight and overweight males, as was the female. The relative risk of MS in obese group was about 11 times higher (OR=11.249, $95\%CI$ = 3.812 - 33.191) than the normal weight group after adjusting for age, gender, smoking, drinking, family economic level and education status. It is concluded that obesity contributed to lower HDL-C, hypertriglyceride, hypertension and MS after controlling the effects of age, gender, socioeconomic status, alcohol drinking and smoking. Obese individuals have a higher risk of having MS than their normal weight counterparts.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.731-738
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• 2003

근육의 생화학적 특성을 단백질 수준에서 분석하기 위하여 3원교잡종 돼지 3개체를 선발하고, white muscle은 longissimus dorsi muscle을 red muscle은 soleus muslce을 분리하여 분석에 이용하였다. 각 근육조직은 수용성, 불수용성 단백질 및 총단백질로 분리하여 추출하였고, 이차원전기영동 분석을 위하여 17cm 길이의 immobilized pH gradient strip (Bio-Rad, 3-10NL)과 12% acrylamide gel을 이용하여 전개하였다. 각각의 gel은 coomassie stain과 silver stain을 통하여 가시화 하였고, PDQuest software을 통하여 단백질 발현양상을 분석하였다. 하나의 gel에서 평균 600개 이상의 단백질 spot을 관찰하였으며, 반복실험을 통하여 white muscle과 red muscle간에 발현의 차이를 보이는 5개의 단백질 spot을 확인할 수 있었다. 5개의 spot 중 4개의 단백질은 측정된 분자량과 pI값이 troponin I, T 및 myoglobin의 수치값과 유사한 것으로 확인되었다. 그러나, 1개의 spot은 오차범위 내에서 유사한 단백질을 확인할 수 없었다. 5개의 단백질 spot중 1개(spot 1)는 white muscle에서, 4개의 spot(spot 2～5)은 red muscle에서 높게 발현됨을 확인하였으며, 특히 spot 4의 경우 white muscle 보다 red muscle에서 평균 14.6배 높게 발현됨을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 근육의 생화학적 특성을 이해하는데 중요한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있으며, 앞으로 white muscle과 red muscle의 단백질 발현 분석을 통하여 단백질 수준에서의 생화학적 특성에 관한 연구가 충분히 진행되어야 할 것이다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.6.1-6.10
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• 2018

The intention of this study was to identify the bacterial pathogens infecting Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) and Clarias gariepinus (African catfish), and to establish the antibiotic susceptibility of fish bacteria in Uganda. A total of 288 fish samples from 40 fish farms (ponds, cages, and tanks) and 8 wild water sites were aseptically collected and bacteria isolated from the head kidney, liver, brain and spleen. The isolates were identified by their morphological characteristics, conventional biochemical tests and Analytical Profile Index test kits. Antibiotic susceptibility of selected bacteria was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The following well-known fish pathogens were identified at a farm prevalence of; Aeromonas hydrophila (43.8%), Aeromonas sobria (20.8%), Edwardsiella tarda (8.3%), Flavobacterium spp. (4.2%) and Streptococcus spp. (6.3%). Other bacteria with varying significance as fish pathogens were also identified including Plesiomonas shigelloides (25.0%), Chryseobacterium indoligenes (12.5%), Pseudomonas fluorescens (10.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.2%), Pseudomonas stutzeri (2.1%), Vibrio cholerae (10.4%), Proteus spp. (6.3%), Citrobacter spp. (4.2%), Klebsiella spp. (4.2%) Serratia marcescens (4.2%), Burkholderia cepacia (2.1%), Comamonas testosteroni (8.3%) and Ralstonia picketti (2.1%). Aeromonas spp., Edwardsiella tarda and Streptococcus spp. were commonly isolated from diseased fish. Aeromonas spp. (n = 82) and Plesiomonas shigelloides (n = 73) were evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility. All isolates tested were susceptible to at-least ten (10) of the fourteen antibiotics evaluated. High levels of resistance were however expressed by all isolates to penicillin, oxacillin and ampicillin. This observed resistance is most probably intrinsic to those bacteria, suggesting minimal levels of acquired antibiotic resistance in fish bacteria from the study area. To our knowledge, this is the first study to establish the occurrence of several bacteria species infecting fish; and to determine antibiotic susceptibility of fish bacteria in Uganda. The current study provides baseline information for future reference and fish disease management in the country.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.392-403
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between HbA1c level and health risk factor. For analysis, 330 elderly women aged 65 years and over were recruited in Jeonla province, Korea. The subjects were classified into two groups according to their HbA1c level; the diabetic group (HbA1c level${\geq}6.5%$, n=68, 20.6%) and control group (HbA1c level<6.5%, n=262, 79.4%). Demographic characteristics were collected, as well as information on physical measurements, blood tests for biochemical indicators, a health status and health-related life style, dietary behavior, favorite food groups, consumption frequency of food groups and nutrient intake. Educational level of the diabetic group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The height of the diabetic group was shorter, and percentage fat of the diabetic group was higher than those of the control group. In the diabetic group, the higher concentrations of creatinine and activity of alkaline phosphatase were found to be significantly unfavorable factors. Therefore, the diabetic group was assumed to be at risk of decreased liver and renal function. The self-rated health level of the diabetic group has a declining tendency, while the medicine intake was significantly higher than that of the control group, but there are no significant differences in visiting frequency of hospital and community health center. The distribution of physical activity showed a significant difference between the groups. Although there are no significant differences in nutrient intake, the diabetic group had relatively inferior nutrient intake of diet, especially vitamin C, as contrasted with the control group. In conclusion, the weight control and increasing physical activity may be effective in the prevention of the diabetes and continuous education and intervention by specialized nutritionists will be needed for diabetic patients. These results could be useful to plan effective strategies to increase the health-life expectancy and the prevention of the diabetes of Korean elderly people living in rural areas.