• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.380-389
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• 2010

본 연구는 유전자총기법에 의해 생산된 형질전환 고구마를 사용하여 glufosinate-ammonium에 대한 저항성 유무를 빠르고, 경제적이며, 신뢰할 수 있는 간이분석법을 찾고자 수행되었다. 저항성 진단법은 whole-plant 진단법, one leaf 진단법 및 leaf disk 진단법을 사용하였고, 이들 진단법에 의해 glufosinateammonium을 처리하고 잎의 피해율과 암모늄 축적량을 조사하였다. Leaf disk 진단법에서 glufosinateammonium 처리 후 형질전환 라인 7171의 잎에 대한 약해는 wild type에 비해 1.9배 낮았다. One leaf 진단법과 whole plant 진단법의 경우 glufosinateammonium 처리 후 7171의 잎에 대한 약해는 wild type에 비해 각각 59배와 92배 적었다. Leaf disk, one leaf와 whole plant 진단법에서 0.5-5mM glufosinateammonium 처리 후 암모늄 축적은 wild type이 7171에 비해 각각 2-20, 4-43 및 6-115배 더 많이 축적되었다. 이들 3가지 방법 모두 형질전환 고구마에 대한 glufosinate-ammonium 저항성 유무를 판단하는데 가능한 방법이나 one leaf 진단법이 가장 간편하면서 빠른 진단방법이었다. 그러나 이 방법은 엽령별 내성차이가 존재할 수 있어 고구마 엽이 10개 전개되었을 때 1, 3, 5, 7, 9엽을 각각 채취하여 3mM glufosinateammonium을 처리시 잎의 피해율과 암모늄 축적을 엽령별로 조사한 결과 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 분석에 소요되는 기간, 시료량, 정확성 등을 고려할 때 형질전환 고구마의 저항성을 판별하는데 one leaf 진단법이 가장 적합한 것으로 판명 되었다.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2016년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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• pp.25-25
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• 2016

Biological control has many advantages as a disease control method, particularly when compared with pesticides. One of the most important benefits is that biological control is an environmental friendly method and does not introduce pollutants into the environment. Another great advantage of this method is its selectivity. Selectivity is the important factor regarding the balance of agricultural ecosystems because a great damage to non target species can lead to the restriction of natural enemies' populations. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of several different bacterial isolates on the efficacy of biological control of soil borne diseases. White rot caused by Sclerotium cepivorum was reported to be severe disease of garlic and chive. The antifungal bacteria Burkholderia pyrrocinia CAB08106-4 was tested in field bioassays for its ability to suppress white rot disease. In field tests, B. pyrrocinia CAB08106-4 isolates suppressed white rot in garlic and chive, with the average control efficacies of 69.6% and 58.9%, respectively. In addition, when a culture filtrate of B. pyrrocinia CAB08106-4 was sprayed onto wounded garlic bulbs after inoculation with a Penicillium hirstum spore suspension in a cold storage room ($-2^{\circ}C$), blue mold disease on garlic bulbs was suppressed, with a control efficacy of 79.2%. These results suggested that B. pyrrocinia CAB08106-4 isolates could be used as effective biological control agents against both soil-borne and post-harvest diseases of Liliaceae. Chinese cabbage clubroot caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae was found to be highly virulent in Chinese cabbage, turnips, and cabbage. In this study, the endophytic bacterium Flavobacterium hercynium EPB-C313, which was isolated from Chinese cabbage tissues, was investigated for its antimicrobial activity by inactivating resting spores and its control effects on clubroot disease using bioassays. The bacterial cells, culture solutions, and culture filtrates of F. hercynium EPB-C313 inactivated the resting spores of P. brassicae, with the control efficacies of 90.4%, 36.8%, and 26.0%, respectively. Complex treatments greatly enhanced the control efficacy by 63.7% in a field of 50% diseased plants by incorporating pellets containing organic matter and F. hercynium EPB-C313 in soil, drenching seedlings with a culture solution of F. hercynium EPB-C313, and drenching soil for 10 days after planting. Soft rot caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum was reported to be severe disease to Chinese cabbage in spring seasons. The antifungal bacterium, Bacillus sp. CAB12243-2 suppresses the soft rot disease on Chinese cabbage with 73.0% control efficacy in greenhouse assay. This isolate will increase the utilization of rhizobacteria species as biocontrol agents against soft rot disease of vegetable crops. Sclerotinia rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum has been reported on lettuce during winter. An antifungal isolate of Pseudomonas corrugata CAB07024-3 was tested in field bioassays for its ability to suppress scleritinia rot. This antagonistic microorganism showed four-year average effects of 63.1% of the control in the same field. Furthermore, P. corrugata CAB07024-3 has a wide antifungal spectrum against plant pathogens, including Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotium cepivorum, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Phytophotra capsici, and Pythium myriotylum.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.179-186
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• 1996

Bioequivanence models arise typically in bioassays when new preparations are compared against standard ones by means of responses on some biological organisms. Relative potency measures provide nice interpretations for such bioequivalence and their estimation constitutes the prime interest of such studies. A conditional quantile process based on the k-nearest neighbor method is proposed for this purpose. An alternative procedure based on Kolmogrov-Smirnov type estimator has also been considered along with. ARIC ultrasound data are analyzed as examples.

• BMB Reports
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.227-231
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• 1995

In order to figure out the relationships between structural features and biological activity of the host-specific HC-toxin in maize, structurally related cyclic tetrapeptides, chlamydocin and CYL-2 were isolated, and their biological activities in maize were examined. Biological activities of preparations were determined by root growth inhibition and electrolyte leakage bioassays. Chlamydocin and CYL-2 showed toxicities to maize. However, the toxicities of these compounds were non-specific. Thus, the precise peptide ring structure of HC-toxin apparently does not play an important role in toxicity, while resistance of maize to HC-toxin is based on a precise ring conformation.

• 한국응용곤충학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용곤충학회 2003년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.140-140
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• 2003

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2009

Human erythropoietin(EPO) is a glycoprotein that enhances red blood cell production by stimulating proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. Patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD) suffer from anemia caused by reduced production of EPO in the kidney. Recombinant human EPO protein has been used successfully for the treatment of anemia associated with CKD. Recently, attention has been paid to the development of side effect of EPO, pure red cell aplasia(PRCA), in some patients with CKD. PRCA is a rare disorder of erythropoiesis that leads to a severe anemia due to an almost complete cessation of red blood cell production. EPO-related PRCA is caused by the production of EPO-neutralizing antibodies(Abs) that eliminate the biological activity of EPO as well as endogenous EPO in patients undergoing therapy. Since 1988, almost 200 cases worldwide have been reported with Ab-positive PRCA after receiving EPO therapeutics. The underlying mechanisms of the breaking of immune tolerance to self-EPO have been investigated. Modification of formulation, organic compounds of container closures, and route of administration has been suggested for the possible mechanism of increased immunogenicity of EPO. A number of assays have been used to detect Abs specific to EPO. These assays are generally grouped into two major categories: binding Ab assays and neutralizing Ab assays(bioassays). There are several types of binding Ab assays, including radioimmunoprecipitation assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the BIAcore biosensor assay. In vitro cell-based bioassays have been utilized for the detection of neutralizing Abs. Finally, the recent experience with anti-EPO Abs may have considerable implications for the future development and approval of EPO preparations. Also, considering that millions of patients are being treated with EPO, clinicians need to be aware of signs and consequences of this rare but severe clinical case.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2007

Background: Angiogenesis mediated by VEGF constitutes a new target for anti-cancer therapy which has explored through different ways of intervention aiming at the blocking of the tumoral angiogenesis. In the present study, we developed the assays by which efficacies of anti-VEGF inhibitor candidates are evaluated at the various levels. Methods & Results: First, we developed two sandwich ELISAs using coated anti-VEGF Ab and soluble Flt-1 receptor fusion protein (sFlt-1/Fc). As low as 200 pg/ml of hVEGF diluted in human sera was detectable by these assays. In addition, we found that VEGF inhibitors ($2{\mu}g/ml$ of either anti-VEGF Ab or sFlt-1/Fc) completely block 5 ng/ml VEGF in these ELISAs. Subsequently, two bioassays, wound healing and HUVEC tube formation assays, revealed that anti-VEGF Ab $(1{\mu}g/ml)$ & sFlt-1/Fc Ab $(1{\mu}g/ml)$, or SU5416 (VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, $1{\mu}M$) prevents the activity of VEGF $(1{\sim}10ng/ml)$. Finally, secretion of MMP-9 by VEGF-stimulated macrophages was abolished by treatment of anti-VEGF Ab $(1{\mu}g/ml)$ in gelatin zymography. Conclusion: ELISAs together with bioassays developed in this study are appropriate for evaluation of the efficacy of inhibitors of VEGF.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.547-553
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 민방이나 한방에서 천연 약재로 많이 사용하고 있는 느릅나무 뿌리껍질(유근피)로부터 수용액 추출물을 분리하여 이 중 단백다당체를 분리하여 성분분석 및 단백다당체가 갖고 있는 면역활성에 의한 항암효과를 실험적으로 제시하였다. 느릅나무 추출물 당단백질의 화학적 조성을 보면 총당함량은 55.8∼72.1%였고, 총산성당 함량은 30.0∼30.5%, 총단백질 함량은 5.0∼6.1%으로 수용성 고분자이며, 50 내지 500 kDa 범위의 분자량을 나타내었다. 그리고, 단백다당체를 구성하는 주요 당성분으로는 글루크론산, 람노스아라비노스, 글루코스, 갈락토스 등이었다. 단백다당체의 면역활성 검정에 따르면 면역세포의 증식을 자극하는 mitogen 역할을 하며, 특히 T세포에 의한 면역증강 효과를 나타내었다 B16 흑색종 이식 마우스를 이용한 생체내 면역활성에 의한 항암효과를 조사한 결과 유의성 있는 항암효과를 나타내었으며, 느릅나무 추출물인 단백다당체가 3mg/kg 군에서 가장 강한 항암효과를 나타내어 용매대조군에 대해 약 140% 생존연장효과를 나타내었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.321-334
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• 2014

국내 식물자원 및 약용식물들의 식물 생장촉진 효과를 조사하기 위하여 64종 65점의 추출물 시료를 조제하여 벼(Oryza sativa) 유묘 생장에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 11종 12점의 쑥(Artemisia princeps) 경엽, 엉겅퀴(Cirsium japonicum var. maackii) 전초, 진달래(Rhododendron mucronulatum) 가지와 잎, 갈대(Phragmites communis) 줄기, 율무(Coix lacrymajobi var. mayuen) 전초, 싸리(Lespedeza bicolor) 가지와 잎, 산수국(Hydrangea serrata f. acuminata) 전초, 속단(Phlomis umbrosa) 전초, 감초(Glycyrrhiza uralensis) 근경, 감초(G. uralensis) 경엽, 당귀(Angelica gigas) 뿌리 및 천궁(Cnidium officinale) 근경 추출물은 벼 유묘 생장을 촉진시키는 것으로 나타났다. 본 결과에 따라 상기 식물 종의 부위들은 식물 생장촉진용 농가 자가제조 액비 개발을 위한 소재로써 활용가능성이 있는 것으로 판명되었다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.179-182
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• 2003

A total of 187 endophytic fungi were isolated from 11 plant species, which were collected from 11 locations in Korea. Their antifungal activities were screened in vivo by antifungal bioassays after they were cultured in potato dextrose broth and rice solid media. Antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi such as Magnaporthe grisea(rice blast), Corticium sasaki(rice sheath blight), Botrytis cinerea(tomato gray mold), Phytophthora infestans(tomato late blight), Puccinia recondita(wheat leaf rust), and Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei(barley powdery mildew) was determined in vivo by observing the inhibition of plant disease development. Twenty(11.7%) endophytic fungi fermentation broths were able to control, by more than 90%, at least one of the six plant diseases tested. Among 187 liquid broths, the F0010 strain isolated from Abies holophylla had the most potent disease control activity; it showed control values of more than 90% against five plant diseases, except for tomato late blight. On the other hand, fourteen(7.5%) solid culture extracts exhibited potent disease control values of more than 90% against one of six plant diseases. The screening results of this study strongly suggested that metabolites of plant endophytic fungi could be good potential sources for screening programs of bioactive natural products.