• Title/Summary/Keyword: Bioactive components

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Antibacterial, Anti-Diarrhoeal, Analgesic, Cytotoxic Activities, and GC-MS Profiling of Sonneratia apetala (Buch.-Ham.) Seed

  • Hossain, Sheikh Julfikar;Islam, M Rabiul;Pervin, Tahmina;Iftekharuzzaman, M;Hamdi, Omer AA;Mubassara, Sanzida;Saifuzzaman, M;Shilpi, Jamil Ahmad
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.157-165
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    • 2017
  • Fruits of Sonneratia apetala (Buch.-Ham.), (English: mangrove apple, Bengali: keora) both seeds and pericarps, are largely consumed as food besides their enormous medicinal application. The fruit seeds have high content of nutrients and bioactive components. The seeds powder of S. apetala was successively fractionated using n-hexane, diethyl ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The fractions were used to evaluate antibacterial, anti-diarrhoeal, analgesic, and cytotoxic activities. Methanol fraction of seeds (MeS) stronly inhibited Escherichia coli strains, Salmonella Paratyphi A, Salmonella Typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, and Staphylococcus aureus except Vibrio cholerae at $500{\mu}g/disc$. All the fractions strongly inhibited castor oil induced diarrhoeal episodes and onset time in mice at 500 mg extract/kg body weight (P<0.001). At the same concentration, MeS had the strongest inhibitory activity on diarrhoeal episodes, whereas the n-hexane fraction (HS) significantly (P<0.05) prolonged diarrhoeal onset time as compared to positive control. Similarly, HS (P<0.005) inhibited acetic acid induced writhing in mice at 500 mg extract/kg, more than any other fraction. HS and diethyl ether fractions of seed strongly increased reaction time of mice in hot plate test at 500 mg extract/kg. All the fractions showed strong cytotoxic effects in brine shrimp lethality tests. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of HS led to the identification of 23 compounds. Linoleic acid (29.9%), palmitic acid (23.2%), ascorbyl palmitate (21.2%), and stearic acid (10.5%) were the major compounds in HS. These results suggest that seeds of S. apetala could be of great use as nutraceuticals.

Anti-inflammatory Potential of Artemisia capillaris and Its Constituents in LPS-induced RAW264.7 Cells

  • Abdul, Qudeer Ahmed;Seong, Su Hui;Ahn, Bo Ra;Islam, Md Nurul;Jung, Hyun Ah;Choi, Jae Sue
    • Natural Product Sciences
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.171-180
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    • 2018
  • Artemisia capillaris has been widely used as an alternative therapy for treating obesity and atopic dermatitis. It has been used as a hepatoprotactant. It is also used for ameliorating inflammatory reactions. Although there are several investigations on other Artemisia species, there is no systematic study describing the role of A. capillaris MeOH extract, its solvent soluble fractions, or derived anti-inflammatory principal components in regulating inflammatory conditions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to elucidate anti-inflammatory mechanisms of A. capillaris. Results revealed that MeOH extract of A. capillaris could decrease LPS-stimulated NO secretion. Of tested fractions, $CH_2Cl_2$, EtOAc, and n-BuOH strongly inhibited NO release from RAW264.7 cells. Bioactive mediators derived from $CH_2Cl_2$ and n-BuOH fractions elicited potent anti-inflammatory actions and strikingly abrogated LPS-triggered NO accumulation in RAW264.7 cells. Of particular interest, capillin and isoscopoletin possessed the most potent NO suppressive effects. Western blot analysis validated the molecular mechanism of NO inhibition and showed that capillin and isoscopoletin significantly down-regulated iNOS and COX-2 protein expression. Taken together, our results provide the first evidence that MeOH extract, $CH_2Cl_2$, EtOAc, and n-BuOH fractions from A. capillaris and its derived lead candidates can potently suppress inflammatory responses in macrophages by hampering NO release and down-regulating iNOS and COX-2 signaling.

Inhibitory Effects of Green Tea against Squalene Synthase (녹차의 squalene synthase 저해효과)

  • Choi, Sung-Won;Hur, Nam-Yoon;Lee, Han-Seung;Baik, Moo-Yeol;Ahn, Soon-Cheol;Lee, Jeong-Gyu
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.273-278
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    • 2008
  • Various biological resources from plants, animals, mushrooms, microorganisms, and foods were tested for the inhibitory activity against squalene synthase (SQS). Among 32 samples, more than one fourths (9 samples) exhibited significant SQS inhibitory activity. Interestingly, SQS inhibitory activity was detected in the samples such as green tea, fermented soybean paste, and plum juice. The SQS inhibitory activity of green tea was not only high but also stable. Its SQS inhibitors were supposed to be catechin derivatives, which have been known to be main bioactive components in green tea. The galloyl catechins showed higher SQS inhibitory activity compared to the nongalloyl catechins. Especially, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate appeared to be strongest inhibitor against squalene synthase ($IC_{50}=90{\mu}M$).

Isolation and Purification of Bioactive Materials Using High-Performance Counter-Current Chromatography (HPCCC) (고속역류크로마토그래피 기술을 이용한 생리활성 물질의 분리 및 정제)

  • Jung, Dong-Su;Shin, Hyun-Jae
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.205-214
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    • 2010
  • Many successive liquid-liquid extractions occur enabling purification of the crude material to occur. In high performance counter-current chromatography (HPCCC), crude material is partitioned between two immiscible layers of solvent phases. The stationary phase (SP) is retained by hydrodynamic force field effect and the mobile phase (MP) is pumped through the column. Purification occurs because of the different solubility of the components in the liquid mobile and stationary phases. There are many key benefits of liquid stationary phases such as high mass and volume injection loadings, total sample recovery, and easy scale-up. Many researchers showed that predictable scale-up from simple test is feasible with knowledge of the stationary phase retention for the planned process scale run. In this review we review the recent advances in HPCCC research and also describe the key applications such as natural products and synthetics (small or large molecules).

Hepatoprotective Activities of Gomisin A and Gomisin N (Gomisin A 및 Gomisin N의 간독성 보호작용)

  • Heo Jeong-Haing;Park Jin-Gu;Cheon Ho-Jun;Kim Yeong-Shik;Kang Sam-Sik;Hung Tran Manh;Bae Ki-Hwan;Lee Sun-Mee
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.37 no.4 s.147
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    • pp.294-301
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    • 2006
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the protective activity of gomisin A and gomisin N, bioactive lignan components isolated from Schizandae Fructus, on hepatocyte injury induced by carbon tetrachloride($CCl_4$, 10 mM), t-butyl hydroperoxide(TBH, 0.5 mM), and D-galactosamine(GalN, 30 mM). Primary cultures of rat hepatocyte(18 h culture) were treated with $CCl_4$, TBH or GalN and various concentrations(0.1, 1, 10, $100{\mu}M$) of gomisin A or gomisin N. $CCl_4$ significantly increased the levels of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase(AST). These increases were inhibited by gomisin N. TBH significantly increased the level of AST; an increase that was inhibited by gomisin N. GalN markedly increased the levels of LDH and ALT, and these increases was significantly inhibited by both gomisin A and gomisin N. These results suggest that gomisin A and gomisin N have the hepatoprotective activity.

Lipid-lowering and hepatoprotective effects of Vitis vinifera dried seeds on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

  • Almajwal, Ali Madi;Elsadek, Mohamed Farouk
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.37-42
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    • 2015
  • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Red grape seeds as functional food are a good source of important bioactive components such as phenolics and antioxidants, which decrease oxidative stress that contributes to the pathogenesis of hepatotoxicity. The current study was conducted in order to evaluate the protective effect of red grape dried seeds (RGDS) on antioxidant properties, lipid metabolism, and liver and kidney functions of rats with paracetamol (750 mg/kg) induced hepatotoxicity. MATERIALS/METHODS: RGDS was added to the basal diet at 5, 10, and 20%. Thirty five adult male rats were assigned to five groups (n = 7) for a six-week feeding period; group (1) normal control, group (2) induced control, groups (3, 4, and 5) fed a diet with RGPS at different levels, 5, 10, and 20%, respectively. At the end of the feeding period, animals' blood and tissues were collected for estimation of serum lipid profile, serum liver, and kidney biomarkers. The protection was measured by detecting lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) (in liver tissues), and liver histological examination. RESULTS: The results showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL-C), with a significant increase in level of high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) for RGDS groups compared to induced control. Rats administered a diet containing RGDS levels produced significant (P < 0.05) hepatoprotection by decreasing the activities of liver enzymes, kidney parameters, and lipid peroxidation, while levels of GSH, SOD, and CAT were increased significantly to near the normal levels. CONCLUSION: The RGDS 20% group was more effective than others against hepatotoxicity of paracetamol, which may be attributed to RGDS total phenols and antioxidant contents, which were 1.438 mg and 1.231 mg, respectively.

Methanol extract from radix of Glycyrrhizae uralensis attenuate methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotor activity (감초 메탄올 추출물의 메스암페타민 유도 과다보행활동에 대한 억제작용)

  • Zhao, ZhengLin;Wang, Yan;Lin, Feng;Fu, Hui;Zhou, FuBo;Chang, Suchan;Han, Nu Ri;Jung, Dae Hwa;Yang, Chae Ha;Kim, Sang Chan;Zhao, RongJie
    • Herbal Formula Science
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.105-112
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    • 2014
  • Background and objective: Methamphetamine (Meth) is a widely abused psychostimulant that produces hyperlocomotion in rodents. Radix of Glycyrrhizae uralensis comprises a variety of bioactive components that have neuroprotective effects. In a previous study, we have demonstrated methanol extracts from radix of Glycyrrhizae uralensis (MEGR) suppress acute cocaine-induced extracellular dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. In the present study, we investigated the effect of MEGR on acute Meth-induced hyperlocomotion. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered with MEGR (60 mg/kg and 180 mg/kg) 60 min prior to an intraperitoneal injection of Meth (1.0 mg/kg). Results: Behavioral analysis showed acute Meth greatly increased locomotor activities, while pretreatment with MEGR dose dependently inhibited the hyperlocomotion. In parallel, there were markedly increased levels of dopamine and its metabolite 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in the nucleus accumbens tissues in Meth-treated rats, which were also almost completely reversed by 180 mg/kg MEGR. Conclusions: These results showed that radix of Glycyrrhizae uralensis attenuates Meth-induced hyperlocomotion by inhibiting dopamine synthesis and utilization, suggesting that radix of Glycyrrhizae uralensis might be effective in blocking the rewarding effect of Meth.

Oral Administration of Glycine and Leucine Dipeptides Improves Skin Hydration and Elasticity in UVB-Irradiated Hairless Mice

  • Park, Jong Il;Lee, Ji Eun;Shin, Hyun Jun;Song, Soonran;Lee, Won Kyung;Hwang, Jae Sung
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • v.25 no.5
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    • pp.528-534
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    • 2017
  • Placenta is a special organ that contains many nutrients such as growth factors, minerals, and bioactive peptides. Dipeptides of glycine and leucine are major components of porcine placenta extracts (PPE) that has been used as an alternative of human placenta extracts. In this study, we investigated whether major peptides of PPE, Glycyl-L-Leucine (Gly-Leu), L-Leucyl-Glycine (Leu-Gly), and L-Leucyl-L-Leucine (Leu-Leu), affect skin hydration and elasticity in vitro and in vivo. We found that Gly-Leu and Leu-Gly dipeptides induced the expression of transglutaminase 1 in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) whereas Leu-Leu dipeptides did not. Treatment with Gly-Leu or Leu-Gly significantly increased hyaluronan (HA) synthesis in NHEKs and the upregulation of hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) mRNA level was confirmed. In addition, elastase activity was inhibited in NHEKs treated with Gly-Leu or Leu-Gly dipeptides. Oral administration of Gly-Leu or Leu-Gly dipeptides increased skin hydration and elasticity in UVB-irradiated hairless mice. The significant upregulation of HA in UVB-irradiated hairless mice was observed in response to oral administration of Gly-Leu or Leu-Gly. These results suggest that the major dipeptides of porcine placenta, Gly-Leu and Leu-Gly, are potentially active ingredients for skin moisturization formulations.

Anti-inflammatory Activity of Extracts from Ultra-Fine Ground Saururus chinensis Leaves in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Raw 264.7 Cells

  • Kim, Dong-Hee;Cho, Jun-Hyo;Cho, Young-Je
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.59 no.1
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    • pp.37-43
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    • 2016
  • Bioactive components of ultra-fine ground Saururus, the extraction yield increases when the leaves are ultra-fine ground. Comparison of normal-ground and ultra-fine ground Saururus chinensis leaves showed that the solid content and antiinflammatory activity of ultra-fine ground extracts was higher than that of normal-ground extracts. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells were treated with different concentrations of Saururus chinensis extract and the amount of nitric oxide (NO) was determined; LPS-treated cells produced 2 times more NO than cells that were not treated with LPS. Moreover, the NO production in cells treated with Saururus chinensis extract was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. Because the stimulant-induced NO production is regulated by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), we measured the iNOS protein level to elucidate the mechanism by which the NO production was inhibited. We found that the amount of iNOS decreased dose-dependently. It was reduced by 53% at a Saururus chinensis extract concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. The protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-treated Raw 264.7 cells was inhibited by 31% at $100{\mu}g/mL$ of Saururus chinensis extract. Gel shift of the nuclear factor kappa B-DNA complex occurred in LPS-treated cells and the intensity of the band decreased gradually in a concentration-dependent manner. Ultra-fine ground Saururus chinensis extract had a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the production of prostaglandin $E_2$, tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$, interleukin $1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), IL-6, and IL-8 in LPS-treated Raw 264.7 cells, i.e., at $50{\mu}g/mL$ of Saururus chinensis extract, their levels were decreased by 53, 67, 52, 37, and 21% respectively.

Influence of Drying Temperature and Duration on the Quantification of Particulate Organic Matter

  • Lee, Jin-Ho;Doolittle, James J.;Lee, Do-Kyoung;Malo, Douglas D.
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.289-296
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    • 2006
  • Various drying conditions, temperatures (40 to $80^{\circ}C$) and durations (overnight to 72 hrs), for the particulate organic matter (POM) fraction after wet-sieving size fractionation have been applied for determination of POM contents in the weight loss-on-ignition method. In this study, we investigated the optimum drying condition for POM fraction in quantification of POM and/or mineral-associated organic matter (MOM; usually indirectly estimated). The influence of the drying conditions on quantifying POM was dependent upon soil properties, especially the amount of soil organic components. In relatively high organic soils (total carbon > 40 g/kg in this study), the POM values were significantly higher (overestimated) with drying at $55^{\circ}C$ than those values at $105^{\circ}C$, which were, for example, 173.2 and 137.3 mg/kg, respectively, in a soil studied. However, drying at $55^{\circ}C$ for longer than 48 hrs of periods produced consistent POM values even though the values were much higher than those at $105^{\circ}C$. Thus, indirect estimates of MOM (MOM = SOM-POM) also tended to be significantly impacted by the dry conditions. Therefore, we suggest POM fractions should be dried at $105^{\circ}C$ for 24 hrs as determining POM and MOM contents. If the POM traction is needed to be dried at a lower temperature (e.g. $55^{\circ}C$) with a specific reason, at least 48 hrs of drying period is necessary to obtain consistent POM values, and a moisture correction factor should be determined to adjust the values back to a $105^{\circ}C$ weight basis.