• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.968-978
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• 2003

The effects of monensin, Tween 80 and exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on ruminal fermentation and animal performance were studied in vitro and in vivo. In Expt 1, the effects of the surfactant Tween 80 (0.2% wt/wt, DM basis) on ruminal fermentation of alfalfa, corn and orchardgrass silages were investigated using in vitro gas production techniques. Tween 80 did not affect (p>0.05) cumulative gas production at 24 h, but it reduced (p<0.05) the lag in fermentation of all three silages. With corn silage and orchardgrass silage, gas production rates and concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) were increased (p<0.05) by Tween 80; with alfalfa silage, they were reduced (p<0.05). Tween 80 increased (p<0.05) the proportion of propionate in total VFA, and reduced (p<0.05) acetate to propionate ratios (A:P) with all three silages. In Expt 2, exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (E; at 0, 37.5 or 75 g/tonne DM), monensin (M; at 0 or 25 ppm and Tween 80 (T; at 0 or 2 L/tonne DM) were added alone or in combination to backgrounding and finishing diets fed to 320 crossbred steers in a feeding trial with a $3{\times}2{\times}$2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The backgrounding and finishing diets contained barley grain and barley silage in ratios of 57.8:42.2 and 93.5:6.5 (DM basis), respectively. Added alone, none of the additives affected DM intake (p>0.1) in the backgrounding or in the finishing period, but interactive $M{\times}T$ effects were observed in the finishing period (p=0.02) and overall (p=0.04). In the finishing period, T without M tended to reduce DM intake (p=0.11), but T with M increased (p=0.05) DM intake. Monensin increased average daily gain (ADG) during backgrounding (p=0.07) and finishing (p=0.01), and this ionophore also improved overall feed efficiency (p=0.02). Warm carcass weight was increased (p<0.001) by M, but dressing percentage was reduced (p=0.07). In the backgrounding period, T increased ADG by 7% (p=0.06). Enzymes increased (p=0.07) ADG by 5 and 6% (low and high application rates, respectively) during backgrounding, but did not affect (p>0.10) ADG during finishing, or overall feed efficiency. Whereas T enhanced the positive effects of M on ADG during backgrounding (p=0.04) and overall (p=0.05), it had no impact (p>0.1) on the effects of E. Interactions between M and T suggest that the surfactant may have potential for enhancing the positive effects of monensin on beef production, but this requires further research.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.8-8
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• 2017

본 연구는 로타리 작업에 따른 105마력급 농업용 트랙터의 소요동력을 분석하기 위하여 수행되었다. 소요동력 측정 시스템은 차축 토크미터, PTO 토크미터, 주/보조 유압센서, 데이터 수집장치를 이용하여 구성하였다. 시험에 사용된 트랙터는 동양물산 105 HP급 트랙터 (S07, TYM, Korea)이며, 작업기는 로타베이터 (SW 230GL, Sungwoo Industrial Co. Ltd, Korea)를 사용하였다. 포장시험은 전라북도 부안군에 죽림길에 위치한 $4,000m^2$ ($100m{\times}40m$) 크기의 경작지 2곳에서 수행하였다. 포장시험 시 작업 단수는 주행단수 L3단 (2.38 km/h)에서 PTO 단수 1단 (540 rpm)과 2단 (750 rpm)으로 설정하였고, 로타리 작업 시 경심은 13 cm 조건에서 실시하였다. 트랙터 작업은 동양물산의 성능시험 업무를 맡고 있는 숙련된 작업자가 숙달된 방법으로 수행하였다. 포장시험지의 토양환경은 임의의 15곳에서 채취한 시료를 이용하여 토성, 함수율, 원추 관입지수에 대하여 미국 농무부 (USDA)법을 기준으로 분석하였다. 토양환경 분석 결과 토성은 Sandy loam (사양토), 평균 함수율은 35.15%, 평균 원추관입지수는 1,562 kPa로 나타났다. PTO 1단 작업 시 트랙터의 평균 소요동력은 차축, PTO, 주 유압, 보조 유압에 대하여 각각 1.8, 54.0, 1.3, 그리고 1.1 hp로 나타났다. PTO 2단 작업 시 트랙터의 평균 소요동력은 차축, PTO, 주 유압, 보조 유압에 대하여 각각 1.2, 79.4, 1.2, 그리고 1.0 hp로 나타났다. PTO 1단 작업 시 소요동력의 합은 58.2 hp로, 정격 마력 (105 hp) 대비 55.43 % 사용한 것으로 나타났으며, PTO 2단 작업 시 소요동력의 합은 82.8 hp로, 정격 마력 대비 78.85% 사용한 것으로 나타났다. PTO 1단 대비 2단에서는 PTO를 제외한 차축, 주 유압, 보조 유압의 소요동력이 감소하였으나, PTO에서 약 1.47배로 크게 증가하여 전체적으로 소요동력이 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 향후 다양한 작업기 및 작업 단수에 따른 소요동력을 분석하여 농업용 트랙터의 모든 부하 조건에 대한 데이터베이스 구축에 관한 연구를 수행할 예정이다.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.325-330
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• 2006

This study presents the characterization of an integrated portable microfluidic electrical detection system for fast and low volume immunoassay using polystyrene microbead, which are used as immobilization surfaces. In our chip, a filtration method using the microbead was adopted for sample immobilization and immunogold silver staining(IGSS) was used to increase the electrical signal. The chip is composed of an inexpensive and biocompatible Polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) layer and Pyrex glass substrate. Platinum microelectrodes for electric signal detection were fabricated on the substrate and microchannel and pillar-type microfilters were formed in the PDMS layer. With a fabricated chip, we reacted antigen and antibody according to the procedures. Then, silver enhancer was injected to increase the size of nanogold particles tagged with the second antibody. As a result, microbeads were connected to each other and formed an electrical bridge between microelectrodes. Resistance measured through the electrodes showed a difference of two orders of magnitude between specific and nonspecific immuno-reactions. The detection limit was 10 ng/ml. The developed immunoassay chip reduced the total analysis time from 3 hours to 50 min. Fast and low-volume biochemical analysis has been successfully achieved with the developed microfilter and immuno-sensor chip, which is integrated to the microfluidic system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.906-914
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• 2009

The Korean Society of Animal Science (KSAS) was officially born on October 8, 1956 under the leadership of Professor Sang W. Yun of Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea a few years after the end of the Korean War. At that time, there were 0.9 million Korean native cattle, 1.3 million pigs and 8.9 million chickens in Korea. Per capita income for Korea (US$ 66) or China (US$ 59) was about 10% of Asian's average income (US$ 513) in 1956. Korea produced less than 0.2 million M/T of formula feed and consumed 6.1 kg/person/year of animal products. One could say that Korea was an example of an under-developed country in the world. Although the first issue of the Proceedings of the KSAS was published on October 28, 1958, regular quarterly journals of the KSAS were not published until March 1, 1969. Major activities other than publishing its journal were: holding an annual meeting and/or scientific forum at national or international level. The Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (AAAP) was founded on September 1, 1980 at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia with founding members from Australia, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, NZ, Philippines and Thailand. Thirteen AAAP Animal Science Congresses have been held in its 28 year history. Hosting countries were Malaysia (1980), Philippines (1982), Korea (1985), NZ (1987), Taiwan (1990), Thailand (1992), Indonesia (1994), Japan (1996), Australia (2000), India (2002), Malaysia (2004), Korea (2006) and Vietnam(2008). In 1988, significant progress of the AAAP was made by creating an official English journal of the AAAP entitled "Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences (AJAS)" under the initiative of the KSAS. This journal is now published monthly and distributed to more than 50 countries in the AAAP region and the world. It should be mentioned that the KSAS was able to successfully host the $3^{rd}$ AAAP Animal Science Congress in 1985 and the 12th in 2006, as well as the $8^{th}$ WCAP in 1998. During the last 50 years of KSAS history, per capita income of Korea increased to US$ 17,690 (268 fold), formula feed production increased to 15 million M/T (97 fold) and consumption of animal products increased to 105 kg/person/year (17 fold). Cattle, pig and chicken numbers also increased to 2.5 million (2.8 fold), 9 million (7.4 fold) and 119 million (13 fold). This trend was also found for China and Asia, even if the rate of growth was slightly lower than that of Korea. It is expected that a similar rate of growth in economics, animal numbers, formula feed production and animal protein intake will likely be achieved by other Asian countries in the $21^{st}$ century with somewhat lower rate of development than that of Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1006-1013
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• 2014

This study is aimed at examining the usefulness of mugwort as an alternative of western herb by making widely known tomato sauce with mugwort powder added, the ingredient that has a bio-active substance. The control group showed the highest percentage of water from tomato sauce, 89.24%. The sauce with mugwort added in by 2% showed the lowest pH, 4.55. The brightness L value for chromaticity got lower significantly (p>0.001) as the amount of added mugwort increased, and red a value and yellow b value were high in the control group for 18.06 and 16.84 respectively, and got reduced as the amount of added mugwort increased. The salinity was the highest in the sauce mugwort added in by 2% for 1.02. Sugar content and reducing sugar were the lowest in the sauce mugwort added in by 2% for 9.49 and 56.01. As measuring total count change, no microorganism was found until $10^{th}$ day of storage, and was 0% $1.7{\times}10^3CFU/mL$ on the $15^{th}$ day, and no microorganism was found in the 1.5% and 2% added groups. Lastly for 60 days of storage, the control group without mugwort showed the highest microorganism count for $3.1{\times}10^8CFU/mL$ In a sensory test, color was in the 1% added group was 5.28, higher than the control group which showed 4.78, but there was no significant difference. Taste was rated most highly in the 1.5% added group for 5.65. After taste was also rated most highly in the 1.5% added group for 5.8. Overall preference was the highest in the 1% added group for 5.79. From the results, tomato sauce with mugwort added in showed the high storage capacity and was rated highly in the preference test. The possibility of the alternative of western spice and the potential to use Korean spice for other western spice were observed again.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1348-1358
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• 2017

To enhance the physiological activity of the Rhynchosia volubilis (RV), R. volubilis (RVHE-A) and R. volubilis-added herbal powder (RVHE-B) were fermented with a solid state culture of Hericium erinaceum mycelia (HE). The total isoflavone contents of the non-fermented RV-A ($489.9{\mu}g/g$) and RV-B ($571.1{\mu}g/g$) were remarkably increased in fermented RVHE-A ($1,836.4{\mu}g/g$) and RVHE-B ($1,276.7{\mu}g/g$). In particular, aglycone isoflavones such as daidzein and genistein were significantly higher in the RVHE-A than any other sample. When hot-water (HW) and EtOH extracts (E) were fractionated from the RV and RVHE, both extracts from the RVHE-A were higher than those from the RV-A in total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. However, the RVHE-B-HW showed a lower polyphenol and flavonoid content level than did RV-B-HW. RVHE-A-HW and -E also had more potent ABTS radical scavenging activity than any extract from the non-fermented RV and other ferments (RVHE-B). In the meanwhile, RVHE-A-HW potently stimulated the production of macrophage activation-related cytokines such as $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6 and IL-12 ($841.7{\pm}71.3pg/mL$, $3.9{\pm}0.1ng/mL$, $179.3{\pm}30.2pg/mL$) from peritoneal macrophage more than RV-A-HW ($92.5{\pm}1.5pg/mL$, $0.1{\pm}0.0ng/mL$, $37.4{\pm}5.4pg/mL$) as well as RVHE-B-HW ($557.0{\pm}21.3pg/mL$, $1.8{\pm}0.0ng/mL$, $90.0{\pm}10.0pg/mL$). However, all the EtOH extracts did not show significant activity. In addition, the RVHE-A-HW showed a significantly higher intestinal immune system modulating activity through Peyer's patch and GM-CSF production than did any other extract from RV and RVHE-B. In conclusion, these results suggest that the fermented R. volubilis with H. erinaceum mycelia possesses a possible use as an industrial application as functional food or material.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.92-97
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• 2005

Inhibition of inflammatory response, acceleration of basal cell growth, and balanced synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) are important in healing of cutaneous open wounds. In order to evaluate the healing effects of water extracts of Radix Astragali (the root of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.)) on open wound at early stage, the experimental open wounds were generated on the dorsal sides of SD rats under anesthesia. The boiled-water extracts of Radix Astragali $(100{\mu}l)$, soaked into an occlusive film dressing were applied once a day for eleven consecutive days. The healing process was assessed by measuring macroscopic appearance and wound areas of the open wounds. The molecular aspects of healing process by Radix Astragali extracts were also investigated by Hematoxylin-Eosin (H-E) double staining and immunohistological staining of collagen type I in the healed skin area, implying cell density and linear alignment of the granulation tissue, and ECM synthesis and its remodeling, respectively. The Astragali radix extracts were found to significantly accelerate the cutaneous wound healing by suppressing the inflammation and stimulating the basal cell growth in wounded area, as compared to epidermal growth factor (EGF).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1206-1209
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• 2005

In recent, injection molding process for features in sub-micron scale is under active development as patterning nano-scale features, which can provide the master or stamp for molding, and becomes available around the world. Injection molding has been one of the most efficient processes for mass production of the plastic product, and this process is already applied to nano-technology products successfully such as optical storage media like DVD or BD which is a large area plastic thin substrate with nano-scale features on its surface. Bio chip for like DNA sequencing may be another application of this plastic substrate. The DNA can be sequenced using order of 100 nm pore structure when making the DNA flow through the pore structure. Agarose gel and silicon based chip have been used to sequence the DNA, but injection molded plastic chip may have benefit in terms of cost. This plastic DNA sequencing chip has plenty of pillars in order of 100 nm in diameter on the substrate. When the usual features in case of DVD or BD have very low aspect ratio, even less than 0.5, but the DNA chip will have relatively high aspect ratio of about 2. It is not easy to injection mold the large area thin substrate with sub-micron features on its surface due to the characteristics of the molding process and it becomes much more difficult when the aspect ratio of the features becomes high. We investigated the effect of the molding parameters for injection molding with high aspect ratio nano-scale features and injection molded some plastic DNA sequencing chips. We also fabricated PR masters and Ni stamps of the DNA chip to be used for molding

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.440-453
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• 2005

Objectives : To develop a bioactive membrane for guided bone regeneration (GBR), the biocompatibility and bone regenerating capacity of the cellulose membrane obtained from the Ascidians squirt skin were evaluated. Materials and methods : After processing the pure cellulose membrane from the squirt skin, the morphological study, amino acid analysis and the immunoreactivity of the cellulose membrane were tested. Total eighteen male Spraque-Dawley rats (12 weeks, weighing 250 to 300g) were divided into two control (n=8) and another two experimental groups (n=10). In the first experimental group (n=5), the cellulose membrane was applicated to the 8.0 mm sized calvarial bone defect and the same sized defect was left without cellulose membrane in the first control group (n=4). In the another experimental group (n=5), the cellulose membrane was applicated to the same sized calvarial bone defect after femoral bone graft and the same sized defect with bone graft was left without cellulose membrane in the another control group (n=4). Each group was sacrificed after 6 weeks, the histological study with H&E and Masson trichrome stain was done, and immunohistochemical stainings of angiogenin and VEGF were also carried out. Results : The squirt skin cellulose showed the bio-inductive effect on the bone and mesenchymal tissues in the periosteum of rat calvarial bone. This phenomenon was found only in the inner surface of the cellulose membrane after 6 weeks contrast to the outer surface. Bone defect covered with the bioactive cellulose membrane showed significantly greater bone formation compared with control groups. Mesenchymal cells beneath the inner surface of the bioactive cellulose membrane were positive to the angiogenin and VEGF antibodies. Conclusion : We suppose that there still remains extremely little amount of peptide fragment derived from the basement membrane matrix proteins of squirt skin, which is a kind of anchoring protein composed of glycocalyx. This composition could prevent the adverse immunological hypersensitivity and also induce bioactive properties of cellulose membrane. These properties induced the effective angiogenesis with rapid osteogenesis beneath the inner surface of cellulose membrane, and so the possibilities of clinical application in dental field as a GBR material will be able to be suggested.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.39-42
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• 2007

This study was carried out to characterize virus-like particles (VLPs) in Pleurotus ostreatus. The white and the dark gray mutants frequently observed in mushroom farms of Pleurotus ostreatus (Wonhyeong-neutari). A 5.8kb segments of dsRNA was detected only in the white mutants but not in the dark gray mutants. The VLPs were purified from the fruit bodies by Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) and ultracentrifugation. Electron microscopy analysis showed that VLPs were isometric about 14, 20~45nm in diameter. Further study is needed to reveal the morphological and yield variations of mushroom strains including VLPs observed in the mushroom farms. Also it is needed to maintain fundamental research for taxonomy, diagnosis, and physiology of VLPs in the mushroom strains.