• 한국포장학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 2005

During handling unitized products, they are subjected to a variety environmental hazards. Shock and vibration hazards are generally considered the most damaging of the environmental hazards on a product, and it may encounter while passing through the distribution environment. A major cause of shock damage to products is drops during manual handling. The increasing use of unitization on pallets has been resulted in a reduction in the manual handling of products and with it a reduction in the shock hazards. This has caused and increasing interest in research focused on vibration caused damage. the use of pallets as a base for unitizing loads, aids in the mechanical handling, transportation and storage of products. Besides aiding in the handling, transportation and storage of products, a pallet also acts on and interface between the packaged goods and the distribution environment. The determination of the impact deformation of the cushioning materials such as tray cup (polymeric foam) and corrugated fiberboard pad must be carried out to design the proper packaging system providing adequate protection for the fruit, and to understand the complex interaction between the components of fruit when they relate to expected transportation vibration inputs. In this study, the theoretical analysis of impact deformation for cushioning materials by dynamic vibration. The impact deformations of SW and DW corrugated fiberboard pad in acceleration amplitudes of 0.25 G-rms and 0.5 G-rms that were usually generated in transport vehicles during distribution environments were very small compare with the thickness of corrugated fiberboard pad. The maximum of vibration acceleration level of tray cup by vibration impact was about 3.2 G-rms. The theoretical allowable acceleration (G-factor) of the pear was 0.7102 G-rms, and the maximum dynamic deformation estimated within G-factor was about 1 mm.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.189-194
• /
• 2017

The present study analyzes the role of Lactic Acid Bacteria Mixture (LBM) on improving rye silage quality. Rye of four different stages (Booting, Heading, Flowering, and Late flowering) was collected and silage was prepared. The nutrient profile analysis of experimental silage groups showed no significant changes between control and LBM inoculation. Interestingly, the pH of rye silage in LBM treatments showed significant reduction than control (p<0.05) in all stages of rye silage. However, lowest pH (3.69) resulted on booting stage among other stages of rye. Subsequently significant lactic acid production was noted in all stages of LBM inoculation than control. Conversely maximum lactic acid production of (5.33%DM) was noted at booting stage followed by (4.86%DM) in heading stage. Further the lactic acid bacterial (LAB) count in LBM inoculated group showed significant increase than control. Similarly, the silage of booting stage group registered maximum LAB population ($63.7{\times}10^6CFU/g$) after that heading stage ($32.3{\times}10^6CFU/g$). Further significant reduction in yeast growth and no fungal growth was noted in all LPM treatment groups. Hence, LBM inoculants could be a better additive for improving rye silage quality.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제28권12호
• /
• pp.1999-2008
• /
• 2018

The compound 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), an important bio-based monomer for the production of various polymers, can be obtained from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). However, efficient production of FDCA from HMF via biocatalysis has not been well studied. In this study, we report the identification of key genes that are involved in FDCA synthesis and then the engineering of Raoultella ornithinolytica BF60 for biocatalytic oxidation of HMF to FDCA using its resting cells. Specifically, previously unknown candidate genes, adhP3 and alkR, which were responsible for the reduction of HMF to the undesired product 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (HMF alcohol), were identified by transcriptomic analysis. Combinatorial deletion of these two genes resulted in 85.7% reduction in HMF alcohol formation and 23.7% improvement in FDCA production (242.0 mM). Subsequently, an aldehyde dehydrogenase, AldH, which was responsible for the oxidation of the intermediate 5-formyl-2-furoic acid (FFA) to FDCA, was identified and characterized. Finally, FDCA production was further improved by overexpressing AldH, resulting in a 96.2% yield of 264.7 mM FDCA. Importantly, the identification of these key genes not only contributes to our understanding of the FDCA synthesis pathway in R. ornithinolytica BF60 but also allows for improved FDCA production efficiency. Moreover, this work is likely to provide a valuable reference for producing other furanic chemicals.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.263-268
• /
• 2022

The current study examined the impact of fermented barley sprout extract prepared using lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus sp.) in decreasing odor and increasing livestock productivity and measured the difference in the polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the extract after fermentation. Furthermore, the effectiveness of fermented barley sprout extract was evaluated through order level and production index of livestock by supplying it to a broiler house. The results showed that with fermented barley sprout extract, the polyphenol and flavonoid contents were increased significantly by 174% and 562%, respectively. When the extract was applied as an additive to drinking water in the test farm, the productivity improved by about 10%, the mortality rate was reduced by about 66%, and there was a significant decrease in odor by about 80%. Compared with the control group, the production index increased by about 21%, the feed requirement decreased by about 8%, the odor showed a decrease in the NH₃ level, and no other gas was detected. It was observed that lactic acid bacteria settle in the intestine, suppress the proliferation of bacteria that cause diarrhea and enteritis, and help digestion. The lactic acid bacteria effectively remove bad odor gases such as NH₃, Amines, H₂S and CH₄S. Such odor reduction improves productivity. Our findings provide valuable information for quality water supply, production optimization and livestock management.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.6-14
• /
• 2023

Fabry disease (FD), a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disorder, is caused by mutations in the α-galactosidase A gene gene encoding α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A). The functional deficiency of α-Gal A results in progressive accumulation of neutral glycosphingolipids, causing multi-organ damages including cardiac, renal, cerebrovascular systems. The current treatment is comprised of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), oral pharmacological chaperone therapy and adjunctive supportive therapy. ERT has been introduced 20 years ago, changing the outcome of FD patients with proven effectiveness. However, FD patients have many unmet needs. ERT needs a life-long intravenous therapy, inefficient bio-distribution, and generation of anti-drug antibodies. Migalastat, a pharmacological chaperone, augmenting α-Gal A enzyme activity only in patients with mutations amenable to the therapy, is now available for clinical practice. Furthermore, these therapies should be initiated before the organ damage becomes irreversible. Development of novel drugs aim at improving the clinical effectiveness and convenience of therapy. Clinical trial of next generation ERT is underway. Polyethylene glycolylated enzyme has a longer half-life and potentially reduced antigenicity, compared with standard preparations with longer dosing interval. Moss-derived enzyme has a higher affinity for mannose receptors, and seems to have more efficient access to podocytes of kidney which is relatively resistant to reach by conventional ERT. Substrate reduction therapy is currently under clinical trial. Gene therapy has now been started in several clinical trials using in vivo and ex vivo technologies. Early results are emerging. Other strategic approaches at preclinical research level are stem cell-based therapy with genome editing and systemic mRNA therapy.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.230-236
• /
• 2021

여름철 수경재배 시 포그 분무와 차광 처리에 의한 하우스 내부의 온도 및 광 변화를 모니터링하였다. 시험 1은 2019년 8월 맑은 날을 기준으로 무처리, 차광, 포그, 포그 + 차광 등 각각 4처리 하였다. 시험 2는 시험 1에서 온도 저감 효과가 가장 좋았던 포그 + 차광 처리를 이용하여 멜론 '달고나', '소풍가자' 2품종에 대해 2020년 여름 기간에 실증 재배를 실시 하였다. 시험 1의 결과 포그 + 차광 혼합처리 시 온도 저감 효과가 뚜렷하여 하우스 내부 온도가 외부 온도보다 가장 낮은 경우 약4℃ 정도 낮게 나타났다. 하우스 내부와 외부의 온도 편차를 살펴보면 포그와 차광 혼합처리에서는 평균 2-4℃ 더 낮아졌고, 포그 또는 차광 단일 처리구는 하우스 내부 및 외부 간의 온도 편차가 거의 없었으며, 무처리는 하우스 내부 온도가 외부 온도보다 평균 3-4℃ 더 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 하우스 내외부 일사량 변화를 측정한 결과 무처리구와 포그 단일 처리의 하우스 내부 일사량 변화가 비슷하였고, 차광 단일 처리와 포그와 차광 혼합처리의 하우스 내부 일사량 변화가 서로 비슷하였다. 무처리와 비슷한 포그만 처리한 경우 일반적인 비닐 피복재에 의한 하우스 내부 일사량 저하의 영향만 관찰되었다. 특히 포그 + 차광 처리의 경우 차광 단일 처리와 매우 유사한 일사량의 변화가 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 2020년 여름에 실증 재배를 한 결과, 8월 외부 기온 최대 36.3℃일 때 냉방 처리 하우스 내부 기온은 32.4℃ 정도 유지되었으며, 약3.9℃ 정도 온도 저감 효과가 있었다. 생산된 멜론의 과중은 1.3-1.5kg 다소 작았으나, 가용성 고형물 함량은 12.6-13.3°Brix로 단맛은 양호한 편이었다. 포그와 차광 혼합 냉방처리를 이용 할 경우 여름철 고온기 온도 저감 효과를 가져 올 수 있고 멜론의 정상적인 생육과 과실 수확이 가능하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.390-395
• /
• 2008

Current high oil price and the agreement on global climate change prevention have increased worldwide investment and research on renewable energy. In Korea, development of a rapeseed dryer for bio-diesel production has been started in 2007. Usually, rapeseeds are harvested in early summer, because rice cultivation is followed right after rapeseed harvesting. Early harvest and bad summer results in highly moistured rapeseed and development of artificial drying system is required to dry great amount of rapeseed that couldn't be processed by sun drying alone. The rapeseed dryer was modified from an existing circulation type grain dryer. Modification of the dryer was performed with the aid of CFD simulation. Drying test showed that drying rate of rapeseed was 1.51%/h and germination rate reduction was 4.5%p for the drying temperature of $60^{\circ}C$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.296-300
• /
• 2005

Human-induced soil salinity is becoming a major threat to agriculture across the world. This salinisation occurs in both irrigated and rain-fed agricultural zones with the highest proportions in the arid and semi-arid environments. Livestock can play an important role in the management and rehabilitation of this land. There are a range of plants that grow in saline soils and these have been used as animal feed. In many situations, animal production has been poor as a result of low edible biomass production, low nutritive value, depressed appetite, or a reduction in efficiency of energy use. Feeding systems are proposed that maximise the feeding value of plants growing on saline land and integrate their use with other feed resources available within mixed livestock and crop farming systems. Salt-tolerant pastures, particularly the chenopod shrubs, have moderate digestible energy and high crude protein. For this reason they represent a good supplement for poor quality pastures and crop residues. The use of salt-tolerant pasture systems not only provides feed for livestock but also may act as a bio-drain to lower saline water tables and improve the soil for growth of alternative less salt tolerant plants. In the longer term there are opportunities to identify and select more appropriate plants and animals for saline agriculture.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.102-105
• /
• 2008

The freezing patterns of commercial frozen foods were characterized by using proton nuclear magnetic resonance ($^1H$ NMR) relaxometry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The liquid-like components like unfrozen water were investigated as a function of temperature (10 to $-40^{\circ}C$) and then compared with the unfrozen water content measured by DSC. The formation of ice crystals and the reduction of water in the foods during freezing were readily observed as a loss of the NMR signal intensity. The proton NMR relaxation measurement showed that the decreasing pattern of the liquid-like components varied depending on the samples even though they exhibited the same onset temperature of ice formation at around $0^{\circ}C$. When compared with the unfrozen water content obtained by the DSC, the NMR and DSC results could be closely correlated at the temperature above $-20^{\circ}C$. However, the distinct divergence in the values between 2 methods was observed with further decreasing temperatures probably due to the solid glass formation which was not detected by DSC.

• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.125-132
• /
• 2010

For typical governing dimensionless parameters of Ar = 5, Pr = 1.16, Le = 0.14, Pe = 3.57, Cv = 1.02, $Gr_s=2.65{\times}10^6$, the effects of thermo physical properties such as a molecular weight, a binary diffusivity coefficient, a partial pressure of component B on solutally buoyancy-driven convection (solutal Grashof number $Gr_s=2.65{\times}10^6$) are theoretically investigated for further understanding and insight into an essence of solutal convection occurring in the vapor phase during the physical vapor transport of a $Hg_2Cl_2-N_2$ system. The solutally buoyancy-driven convection is significantly affected by any significant disparity in the molecular weight of the crystal components and the impurity gas of nitrogen. The solutal convection in a vertical orientation is found to be more suppressed than a tenth reduction of gravitational accelerations in a horizontal orientation. For crystal growth parameters under consideration, the greater uniformity in the growth rate is obtained for either solutal convection mode in a vertical orientation or thermal convection mode in horizontal geometry. The growth rate is also found to be first order exponentially decayed for $10{\leq}P_B{\leq}200$ Torr.