• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.217-220
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the growth response of Pinus densiflora seedling to relatively high day temperature during the container culture in summer season. The experiment was performed with three maximum day temperature regimes, 30~35$^{\circ}C$, 35~40$^{\circ}C$ and above 40$^{\circ}C$ in the PE house. The reduction in plant height was observed since 6 weeks after germination in the seedlings grown at relatively high day temperatures, especially the seedlings at above 40$^{\circ}C$. High temperature also reduced the root collar diameter during growth of the seedlings, therefore 17.3% of the reduction was observed in the seedlings grown at above 40$^{\circ}C$ compared with the seedlings at 30~35$^{\circ}C$. The dry weight of the seedlings grown for 16 weeks was apparently reduced by elevated dat temperature in the PE house, and the seedlings at relatively high day temperature resulted in increased T/R ratio.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.327-334
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• 2006

In tomato perlite bag culture, the available water content was analyzed for several sorts of perlite so that the irrigation safety was investigated and thus the irrigation strategy controlled by time clock was established. The reduction trends of water content in perlite bags were monitored for tomatoes, of which fruits were harvested until the fifth cluster. The amount of daily reduction of water in the bag was on the decrease as the total water in the bag was decreased. In terms of time interval from when the water content based on weight was reduced more than 50g to when it was dropped again, the longest time interval in a day was retarded gradually. It means plant activity was recovered later than the previous day. The available water content in perlite bag of 40 liters was about 30% which was 12 kg in weight, which satisfied daily water demand of 6 tomato plants. The appropriate time irrigated by time clock was recommended for the case that it was irrigated 5 or 10 times a day with the daily integrated solar radiation of 601 or $1,519W/m^2$.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.154-161
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the physiological responses of Bupleurum latissimum, endangered plants by light condition. We investigated photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll contents and chlorophyll fluorescence under different shading treatments (Shaded 50%, 70%, 90% and non-treated). Results showed that net apparent quantum yield (AQY) and chlorophyll contents were significantly increased with elevating shading level. However, light compensation point (LCP) and dark respiration ($R_d$) were shown the opposite trend. Especially, non-treated exhibited photoinhibition such as reduction of chlorophyll contents and maximum photosynthesis rate ($Pn_{max}$) also variation trend of stomatal conductance ($g_s$), and transpiration rate (E) were decreased to prevent water loss. Photosynthetic rate ($P_{Nmax}$) and photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of 90% treatment showed a drastic reduction in July. This implies that photosynthetic activity will be sharply decreased with a long period of low light intensity. The 50% treatment showed relatively higher photosynthetic activity than other treated. This result suggested that growth and physiology of B. latissimum adapted to 50% of full sunlight.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.483-487
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether gold nanoparticles had radiosensitization when combined with gamma and x ray beam. Cytotoxicity was mearsured with comparing survival fraction after incubated time 6,12,18 and 24 hours. Clonogenic assay was employed to assess survival fraction of cells with and without gold nanoparticles treatment following gamma ray irradiation. The most of gold nanoparticles were distributed in the cytoplasm. And the toxicity of gold nanoparticles used this study were found to be non-cytotoxic. And we also observed enhancement by about 40% in RBE value for gamma ray irradiation of cells treated with gold nanoparticles. Dose reduction of about half for gamma ray irradiation is demonstrated for gold nanoparticles treated cells as compared to untreated cells. In cells with exposed to gamma ray, DNA damage was increased when compared to only radiation exposed cells. The study revealed a significant reduction in radiation dose for killing the cells with internalized gold nanoparticles as compared to the cells without gold nanoparticles. The gold nanoparticles treatment resulted in enhancement of radiation effect as evident from increase in relative biological effectiveness values for photon irradiated cells.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2011

Known as a female hormone, estrogen, has an effect on the male reproductive organs. The estrogen has to combine with the estrogen receptor to communicate a signal. Propyl pyrazole triol (PPT) is an estrogen receptor alpha selective agonist with a 410-, or 1,000-fold relative binding affinity for estrogen receptor alpha versus estrogen receptor beta. In this study, adult male mice were treated weekly with subcutaneously injections of PPT (0.01 mg, 0.1 mg, 1mg and 4 mg) suspended in castor oil (as control) for 8 weeks and observed histologically changes in testis, efferent ductule and epididymis. In the high concentrations of PPT 4 mg treatment group, a remarkable reduction was observed in the weight of the body, testis and epididymis. Microscopic examination revealed a reduction in seminiferous tubular diameter of the testis, and epithelial cell height of the epididymis in treated group during the experiment. In addition, as the diameter of the efferent ductule increased gradually, the height of epithelial cells was decreased. PPT 4 mg treatment group caused inhibition of spermatogenesis due to atrophied germinal epithelium in the testis, and decrease of adipocyte size attached to the epididymis. Sperm was not observed in the caudal epididymis of PPT 4 mg treated group. In conclusion, the injection of high concentrations of PPT into adult male mice induced physiological changes, such as an inhibition of spermatogenesis, and also histological changes within the reproductive organs.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.304-310
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• 2014

Antioxidative, immunostimulating, and antihypertensive activities of hot water extracts of fermented Hizikia fusiformis were evaluated. Fermentation with lactic acid bacteria generally increased the biological activities of H. fusiformis. Fermentation with isolated Weissella sp. SH-1 resulted in 13.83-62.15% DPPH radical scavenging activity and 34.90-59.25% SOD-like activity. The maximal inhibition of ACE was 82.25%, and the maximal reduction in NO production was 46.53%. Fermentation with Lactobacillus casei resulted in 11.98-72.84% DPPH radical scavenging activity and 14.17-33.62% of SOD-like activity. The maximal inhibition of ACE was 73.31%, and the maximal reduction in NO production was 65.20%. These results hint at the applicability of fermentation with lactic acid bacteria to improve the diverse biological activities of H. fusiformis and to develop functional materials or foods.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.29-42
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• 2022

The government promotes the 2050 carbon-neutral policy. Therefore, the concern to convert livestock manure into energy is increasing for the reduction of greenhouse gases generated in the livestock industry sector. In this study, the economic feasibility of the livestock manure solid fuel power generation facility, which is a major consumer of livestock manure solid fuel, was assessed to expand the demand for livestock manure solid fuel. The production cost of livestock manure solid fuel showed the lowest production cost of 97.4 thousand won/ton when dried using solid fuel at a 200 ton/day scale bio-drying facility. The livestock manure solid fuel power generation facility showed economic feasibility at a REC weight of 1.5 in the case of the bio-drying facility, so it was necessary to set a REC weight of 1.5 or more to expand the demand for livestock manure solid fuel. The conversion of livestock manure into solid fuel has various environmental benefits, such as the reduction of greenhouse gases and the effect of reducing non-point pollutants in the water system. Therefore, in order to expand livestock manure solid fuel production facility, it was required to review the feasibility including various environmental benefits.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.6
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• pp.1308-1322
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• 2023

Minerals is required small amounts among various nutrients, but it has a significant impact on sow longevity and reproduction performance. This study was carried out to see the beneficial effects of marine-derived Ca-Mg complex on the reproductive performance of sows during four-parity periods. Seventy-two gilts ([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc), with an average body weight of 181 kg, were randomly allocated to three groups; CON (basal diet), 0.3LC (CON - MgO - 0.3% limestone + 0.4% Ca-Mg complex), and 0.7LC (CON - MgO - 0.7% limestone + 0.4% Ca-Mg complex). During parity 3 and 4, the expression level of SCD gene was lower in the umbilical cord of piglets born to 0.3LC and 0.7LC sows compared with the CON sows. During parity 2, 3 and 4, SLC2A2 and FABP4 gene expressions were higher in the umbilical cord of piglets born to 0.7LC sows and the placenta of sows from 0.3LC groups, respectively. Ca-Mg complex increased (p < 0.05) Ca and Mg concentrations in sows and their piglets' serum as well as in colostrum regardless of parities. The serum vitamin D concentration was higher (p < 0.05) in their first parity, whereas serum prolactin and estrogen concentrations were higher (p < 0.05) during the fourth and third parity, respectively. The growth hormone concentrations were higher (p < 0.05) in the piglets born to sows during the first and second parity. The fat and immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentrations in colostrum were higher (p < 0.05) during the third and fourth parity, respectively. A reduction (p < 0.05) in salivary cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine concentrations was observed in 0.3LC and 0.7LC sow groups compared with CON after farrowing regardless of parity, however before farrowing, a reduction in norepinephrine was observed. Before farrowing, the epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations were higher (p < 0.05) during the first and second parity. After farrowing, the concentration of these hormones was higher during the second parity. Taken together, sows' parity and dietary Ca-Mg complex supplementation influenced serum metabolites, colostrum nutrients, stress hormones as well as the gene expressions related to lipid and glucose metabolism.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.225-233
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• 2000

There was not noticeable differences in decreasing blood alcohol concentrations between Korea and China-produced Hovenia dulcis $T_{HUNB}$, showing only 1-2 % higher decreasing rate for Korea-produced seed extracts than those from China. It was also found that the blood alcohol decreasing ability was greatly enhanced by partitioning the crude extracts produced from both places. The both extracts (crude and partitioned) accelerated the reducing rate of blood alcohol concentrations down to 1-2 hours, compared to that of control (taking only ethanol). The crude extracts from imported seeds seemed to have slightly better effect on improving in vivo ADH and ALDH activities than domestic ones; however, not for partitioned extracts. It was interesting that the partitioned extracts from both countries enhanced ADH enzyme activity up to 60% than the crude, compared to the control, while ALDH activity was not much affected by the partitioned extracts. It was also confirmed that both ADH and ALDH activities were well balanced in controlling blood alcohol concentration maintaining 28-29% of enzyme activities in vivo. The extracts proved to have better effect on enhancing ALDH activity than ADH activity, which is one of possible explanation that Hovenia dulcis $T_{HUNB}$ can effectively relieve the hangover by fast decreasing acetaldehyde concentration in the liver and blood. GST activity was also increased in the range of 120 to 300% by adding crude or partitioned extracts from both countries; however, there was no difference in enhancing GST activity between the extracts from two countries. The extracts showed competitive inhibition with GST activity, showing the reduction of enzyme activity at higher than 0. 6 (g/L) of the imported extracts.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.287-293
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: Soil incorporation of green manure crop(GMC) and liquid pig manure(LPM) is one of the methods for reduction of chemical fertilizer and the increase of crop yield. The objective of this study was to select optimal incorporation time of GMCs on growth and nutrient property in paddy soil treated LPM. METHODS AND RESULTS: The kinds of GMCs were Hordeum vulgare L.(green barley, GB) and Vicia villosa roth(hairy vetch, HV). The effects of GMCs on rice yield were investigated under different incorporation times of GMCs(LPM1: at 25 days before rice transplantation, LPM2: at 18 days before rice transplantation, LPM3: at 11 days before rice transplantation). In GB treatments, the biomass was greater in the order of $$LPM3{\geq_-}LPM2{\geq_-}LPM1$$. Contents of N, P and K ranged 1.21~1.28, 0.36~0.38 and 1.41~1.45%, respectively, regardless of incorporation times. The amounts of nutrient supply in GB treatments were higher in LPM1 than those in other treatment conditions. In GB treatments, rice yields in LPM1, LPM2 and LPM3 were 523, 525 and 526(increasing yield 3% than control) kg/10a, respectively. In HV treatments, the amounts of nutrient supply were higher in the order of $$LPM3{\geq_-}LPM2{\geq_-}LPM1$$. Rice yields were 530 kg/10a for LPM1, 531 kg/10a for LPM2, 535 (increasing yield 5% than control) kg/10a for LPM3 in HV treatments, respectively. CONCLUSION(s): The optimum incorporation time of green barley and hairy vetch was at 11 days before rice transplantation(LPM3) in paddy soil with liquid pig manure.