• Title/Summary/Keyword: Bio-flocculation

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Stability of Pre-treated Fillers for High Loaded Printing Paper (고충전 인쇄용지 제조를 위한 중질 탄산칼슘 전처리 기술의 안정성에 관한 연구)

  • Seo, Yung Bum;Choi, Jin Sung;Ji, Sung Gil
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.55 no.1
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2017
  • More addition of calcium carbonate in printing paper allows savings of the wood fibers and the drying energy. Pre-flocculation of GCC (ground calcium carbonate) using functional polymers was known as the best available technology to make high loaded paper until now, and it allowed less reduction of the paper essential properties such as tensile strength and smoothness at higher GCC content. However, pre-flocculated GCC became unstable in size under the continued agitation in the mill. Therefore, pre-flocculation method was modified in such a way that the in-situ calcium carbonate was formed between the GCC particles of the pre-flocculated GCC, and the resultant became more stable in size, which we named as HCC (hybrid calcium carbonate). HCC turned out to make high tensile strength and smoothness as much as the pre-flocculated GCC and gave much better size stability against stirring. Furthermore, HCC gave high bulk that pre-flocculation could not make.

A Study on the Optimization of Sedimentation Efficiency through Controlling Stirring Speed and Baffle Angle (교반속도 및 Baffle 각도 조절에 따른 침전지 효율 최적화 연구)

  • Kwak, Sung-Keun;Kim, Choong-Gon
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.69-75
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    • 2020
  • This study was conducted to improve the solid-liquid separation efficiency of clarifiers. To do so, the study did a bio-flocculation experiment simply by controlling the stirring speed (rpm) and baffle angle of a clarifier on a lab scale, but without using a coagulant. For the purpose of the experiment, the feed wall of a clarifier was so improved that a baffle could be installed on the clarifier. Then, it was ensured to change its stirring speed (to 0.0rpm, 0.6rpm, and 1.2rpm), with the angle fixed at 10°. As a result, it was found that concentration efficiency increased by 2.0%, and effluent removal efficiency (SS concentration) by 7.8%, at a stirring speed of 0.6ppm. This indicates the bio-coagulation efficiency of sludge increased with changing stirring speeds. Then, the baffle angle of the sedimentation unit was changed to analyze how the changed baffle angle would affect the sedimentation of sludge. As a result, it was found that the compression of sludge interface was very effective at a baffle angle of 20°. It is hoped that these experimental findings will be useful in improving the sedimentation efficiency of circular clarifiers.

Studies on the Wave Propagation and Fluctuation in Randomly Ditribution Media of L-Aspartic Acid (L-Aspartic Acid의 무질서하게 분포된 매질에서 파동전개와 변동에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Ki-Jun;Lee, Joo-Youb
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.122-128
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    • 2012
  • The influences of fluorescence, scattering, and flocculation in turbid material by light scattering of L-aspartic acid, preservative and emulsifier were interpreted for the scattered fluorescence intensity and wavelength. They have been studied the molecular properties by the spectroscopy of laser induced fluorescence (LIF) and flocculation. The effects of optical properties in scattering media have been found by the optical parameters(${\mu}_s$, ${\mu}_a$, ${\mu}_t$). Flocculation is an important step in many solid-liquid separation processes and is widely used. When two particles approach each other, interactions of several colloid particles can come into play which may have major effect on the flocculation and LIF process. The values of scattering coefficient ${\mu}_s$ are large by means of the increasing scattering of scatterer, The values have been found that the slope decays exponentially as a function of concentration from laser source to detector by our experimental result. It may also aid in designing the best model for oil chemistry, bio-pharmaceutical products, laser medicine and application of medical engineering on LIF and coagulation in particle transport mode.

The Preparation of Multi-walled CNT-PMMA Nanocomposite

  • Seo, D.W.;Yoon, W.J.;Park, S.J.;Jo, M.C.;Kim, J.S.
    • Carbon letters
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.266-270
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    • 2006
  • Multi-walled carbon nanotube-poly methyl methacrylate (MWNT/PMMA) nanocomposite has been prepared by in situ polymerization of MMA dispersed with MWNTs. The MWNTs were functionalized by nitric acid and sulfuric acid treatment, and this was confirmed by FTIR spectrometer. The solution mixture of MWNTs and MMA was partially polymerized at $80^{\circ}C$, followed by the addition of AIBN and polymerization at $50^{\circ}C$. The MWNT-PMMA composite was prepared by casting the pre-polymer on the glass plate, and the optical properties have been studied using UV-vis spectrometer. The acid treated MWNTs were well dispersed in MMA with fairly good dispersion stability, while flocculation and sedimentation was observed from raw MWNTs in MMA.

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A Comparative Study on Microalgae Recovery Rates in Response to Different Low Cost Bio-flocculant Applications (저비용 응집제를 이용한 미세조류 응집 효율 비교)

  • Choi, Hee-Jeong
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.31 no.6
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    • pp.625-631
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    • 2015
  • In this study, low cost bio-flocculants, chitosan, cationic starch and Mg-sericite, were used as a flocculant to harvest freshwater microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris. Chitosan, cationic starch and Mg-sericite separated successfully >98% of C. vulgaris at following optimal parameters: 90 mg/L chitosan at pH 6-7, 70 mg/L cationic starch at pH 9-10 and 50 mg/L Mg-sericite at pH 4-5. A relatively high correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9993 for chitosan, 0.9971 for catonic starch and 0.9924 for Mg-sericite was obtained. The investigated flocculants amount increased linearly with increasing the microalgae amount. The biopolymer, Mg-sericite, was more effective than that of other investigated flocculants. These results indicated that a bio-flocculants, chitosan, cationic starch and Mg-sericite, could prove to be an effective flocculant for economical production of microalgae biomass. In addition, Mg-sericite was more effective comparing to the other investigated flocculants.

A Study on Spectra of Laser Induced Flourescence in Phantom of N-propyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine (N-propyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine의 Phantom에서 Laser Induced Fluorescence의 스펙트라에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Ki-Jun;Lee, Joo-Ho;Lee, Joo-Youb;Sung, Wan-Mo
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.330-338
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    • 2015
  • The influences of fluorescence, scattering, and flocculation in turbid material by light scattering of N-propyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine, fluorescence agent and absorption agent were interpreted for the scattered fluorescence intensity and wavelength. They have been studied the molecular properties by the spectroscopy of laser induced fluorescence (LIF) and flocculation. The effects of optical properties in scattering media have been found by the optical parameters(${\mu}_s$, ${\mu}_a$, ${\mu}_t$). Flocculation is an important step in many solid-liquid separation processes and is widely used. When two particles approach each other, interactions of several colloid particles can come into play which may have major effect on the flocculation and LIF process. The values of scattering coefficient ${\mu}_s$ are large by means of the increasing scattering of scatterer, The values have been found that the slope decays exponentially as a function of concentration from laser source to detector by our experimental result. It may also aid in designing the best model for oil chemistry, bio-pharmaceutical, laser medicine and application of medical engineering on LIF and coagulation in particle transport mode.

Development of Hybrid Calcium Carbonate for High Loading Paper (II) - Comparison with GCC - (고충전지 제조를 위한 하이브리드 탄산칼슘 충전제의 개발 (II) - 중질탄산칼슘과 비교 -)

  • Jung, Jae Kwon;Seo, Yung Bum
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.76-80
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    • 2015
  • In filler loaded paper, the size of the filler affects its strength, optical and surface properties. As the size of the filler increases, tensile strength and bulk usually increases, opacity decreases, and smoothness becomes worse. Pre-flocculation of GCC (grounded calcium carbonate) makes large diameter flocs at aqueous medium that consists of multiple GCC particles, but they collapse to 2-dimensional shape in dried paper and makes low bulk paper. The hybrid calcium carbonate (HCC) that was made by in-situ $CaCO_3$ formation between GCC in aqueous medium made high bulk paper without harming tensile strength, bulk, opacity, and smoothness. The GCC that has equivalent size as HCC failed to make high opacity and smoothness as much as HCC.

Development of Hybrid Calcium Carbonate for High Loading Paper (I) - Manufacture and Application of Hybrid Calcium Carbonate - (고충전지 제조를 위한 하이브리드 탄산칼슘 충전제의 개발 (I) - 하이브리드 탄산칼슘의 제조 및 이용 -)

  • Jung, Jae Kwon;Seo, Yung Bum
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.30-37
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    • 2015
  • Needs for high ash loading in printing paper increase as green house gas (GHG) emission regulation becomes more stricter and pressure of lowering paper production cost increases. To meet the needs, a new type of filler was developed. The mixture of ground calcium carbonate (GCC) and calcium oxide was pre-floccuated with polyelectrolyte and further treated with carbon dioxide to form new calcium carbonate between GCCs. The final products were called as hybrid calcium carbonate (HCC), and its properties were compared to the GCC and the pre-flocculated GCC. Results showed increase in tensile, smoothness, opacity, and bulk for HCC.

Evaluations of Coagulation Process for Membrane Pre-treatment using Floc Growth Rate Analyzer (응집 플록 성장률 측정기를 이용한 멤브레인 공정의 전처리 응집공정 평가)

  • Son, Hee-Jong;Kim, Sang-Goo;Kim, Do-Hwan;Kang, So-Won;Choi, Young-Ik
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.231-238
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    • 2016
  • In this study, we have investigated to find optimal pre-treatment flocculation condition by analyzing the floc growth rate with mixing conditions and the membrane permeation flux for pre-treatment step of the membrane process. The higher mixing intensity showed a constant floc size index (FSI) values, and lower mixing intensity increased the degree of dispersion of the FSI values. Results of comparing the distribution characteristics of the FSI value and the permeation flux were more effective in increasing flux when the FSI values were 0.2 or higher. The degree of dispersion of FSI was relatively large in 40 rpm mixing condition compared to 120 rpm. In 40 rpm mixing condition, it decreased the permeation flux compared to 120 rpm because various sizes of flocs were distributed. Coagulation-UF membrane process enhanced 30%~40% of the flux rate compare to UF alone process, and the coagulation-MF process increased up to 5% of the flux rate compare to MF alone process. Pre-treatment, that is, coagulation process, has been found to be less effects on relatively larger pore size for MF membrane. For UF membrane, the flux was a little bit same when applying only the rapid mixing process or rapid mixing with slow mixing processes together. In case of MF membrane, the flux was improved when rapid mixing process applied with slow mixing process together.

Bio-mediated Flocculation by Extracellular Polymeric Substances in Cohesive Sediment Suspensions: Experimental Study (생체고분자물질이 부유사 응집에 미치는 영향 연구)

  • Baek, Seung-Ryong;Kim, Jae-In;O, Min-Ji;Lee, Byeong-Jun
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2015.05a
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    • pp.107-107
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    • 2015
  • 최근 기후변화로 인한 강우강도 증대, 산업화에 따른 토지개발 등으로 인하여 다량의 점착성 부유사(Cohesive Sediments)가 하천, 호소 등 수자원 환경으로 유입되고 있다. 점착성 부유사는 하천, 호소의 난류 조건에 따라 부유하거나 혹은 응집, 침전하여 하상 저니층을 형성한다. 부유사, 미생물 및 각종 유기입자가 포함된 하상 저니층은 검은색으로 외관상 보기 좋지 않을 뿐 아니라, 혐기성상태에서 부패하여 수생태계의 건강성을 해치게 된다. 또한 미세 부유사 및 미생물 입자는 각종 중금속, 유기오염물질을 흡착하고, 조건에 따라 재용출할 수 있는 저장매체로 작용하기 때문에 수자원환경에 미치는 영향이 아주 크다. 특히, 수중 미생물(조류) 작용에 의해 생성되는 EPS (Extracellular Polymeric Substances)는 부유사 및 미생물 입자들을 서로 엉겨 붙게 하여, 부유사-미생물 혼합 응집체 및 저니층 형성을 가속화하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 EPS가 부유사 응집에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여, Xanthan Gum (Sigma-Aldrich, USA)을 EPS의 지표 물질로 사용하고, Kaolinite(Sigma-Aldrich, USA)를 수자원환경에 존재하는 대표적인 부유사로 사용하여 응집실험(Jar Test)을 수행하였다. 이온농도가 응집에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 수체 이온농도를 0.0001M NaCl, 0.001M NaCl, 0.01M NaCl, 그리고 0.001M NaCl + 0.1mg/L $Ca^{2+}$, 0.001M NaCl + 0.5mg/L $Ca^{2+}$, 0.001M NaCl + 1.0 mg/L $Ca^{2+}$으로 보정하여 응집실험을 수행하였다. 250 rpm 급속 교반 1븐, 50 rpm 완속교반 5시간, 침잔 1시간 후 응집체를 채취하여 응집체 이미지 분석을 통해 응집체 크기 및 형상을 측정하였고, 수표면 2 cm 지점에서 상등액을 채수하여 잔류 고형물 농도 분석을 실시하였다. 응집실험을 통하여 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다.. 낮은 이온농도의 경우, EPS가 큰 고분자 구조체에 부유 입자들이 엮어 응집되는 Sweeping Flocculation의 특징을 나타내었다. 하지만, 이온농도가 높아질수록 경우, EPS 고분자 구조체 내부 반발력이 감소하여 크기가 축소되고, 이에 따라 부유 입자 표면에 패치 형태로 흡착되었다. EPS가 패치형태로 입자에 흡착한 경우, 응집제 농도 증가에 따라 응집능 최적점이 형성되고, 이후 표면하전 역전이나 Steric Stabilization에 의해 응집능이 저감되는 형태를 나타낸다. 따라서,수중이온농도가 EPS의 사슬형 고분자 응집제의 크기, 형태(Morphology)를 결정하고, 더 나아가 응집능을 결정하는 중요한 인자로 나타났다. 따라서, 후속 연구를 통하여 생체고분자물질의 크기 및 형태 변화, 이에 따른 응집능변화를 면밀히 연구하고자 한다.

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