• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.232-242
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• 2017

The goal of marker-assisted backcrossing (MAB) is to significantly reduce the number of breeding generations required by using genome-based molecular markers to select for a particular trait; however, MAB systems have only been developed for a few vegetable crops to date. Among the types of molecular markers, SNPs (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) are primarily used in the analysis of genetic diversity due to their abundance throughout most genomes. To develop a MAB system in Chinese cabbage, a high-throughput (HT) marker system was used, based on a previously developed set of 468 SNP probes (BraMAB1, Brassica Marker Assisted Backcrossing SNP 1). We selected a broad-spectrum TuMV (Turnip mosaic virus) resistance (trs) Chinese cabbage line (SB22) as a donor plant, constructing a $BC_1F_1$ population by crossing it with the TuMV-susceptible 12mo-682-1 elite line. Foreground selection was performed using the previously developed trsSCAR marker. Background selection was performed using 119 SNP markers that showed clear polymorphism between donor and recipient plants. The background genome recovery rate (% recurrent parent genome recovery; RPG) was good, with three of 75 $BC_1F_1$ plants showing a high RPG rate of over 80%. The background genotyping result and the phenotypic similarity between the recurrent parent and $BC_1F_1$ showed a correlation. The plant with the highest RPG recovery rate was backcrossed to construct the $BC_2F_1$ population. Foreground selection and background selection were performed using 169 $BC_2F_1$ plants. This study shows that, using MAB, we can recover over 90% of the background genome in only two generations, highlighting the MAB system using HT markers as a highly efficient Brassica rapa backcross breeding system. This is the first report of the application of a SNP marker set to the background selection of Chinese cabbage using HT SNP genotyping technology.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.292-303
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• 2016

This study described the spatial distributions of marine environmental factors such as water temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a concentration and turbidity, and characteristics of phytoplankton community such as species composition, standing crops and dominant species at 19 fishing ports around Jeju Island during the early summer of 2016. I analyzed bio-oceanographical characteristics using principal component analysis (PCA) of the environmental factors and biological parameters. Water temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a and turbidity ranged from 17.6 to $20.7^{\circ}C$, from 26.19 to 32.33 psu, from 0.76 to $7.13{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, and from 0.51 to 14.49 FTU, respectively. A total of 51 species of phytoplankton belonging to 35 genera were identified. In particular, diatoms and dinoflagellates accounted for more than 56.8% and 27.4% of all the species, respectively. Moreover, the number of phytoplankton species was controlled by salinity. Phytoplankton cell density ranged from $2.9cells\;mL^{-1}$ to $185.9cells\;mL^{-1}$. The dominant species were Navicula spp. Stephanopyxis turris, Eutreptiella gymnastica and Mesodinium rubrum. Environmental factors and the phytoplankton community varied greatly between sampling sites. According to PCA, the biological oceanographic characteristics of the around Jeju Island were characterized by meteorological factors such as air temperature, precipitation and discharge of ground water during early summer.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.745-751
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• 2013

Environmental Specimen Banks (ESBs) have been established widely in the world since 1979 for monitoring long-term bio-accumulation of environmental pollutants. The ESBs perform the retrospective analysis of representative biological samples collected regularly and store them in cryogenic condition. In Korea, National Environmental Specimen Bank (NESB) was established in 2009. Since then, NESB had prepared the standard operating procedures (SOPs) for the seven kinds of specimens (Red Pine (Pinus densiflora), Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio), and etc.) for monitoring the effect of environmental pollution on the terrestrial ecosystem and river ecosystem. In 2012, NESB added Black-tailed Gull (Larus crassirostris)'s eggs to the list of the environmental specimen for monitoring marine environmental pollution. In this study, we sampled the eggs of the Black-tailed Gull on two islands (Baekryeongdo of the West Sea and Hongdo of the South Sea). Especially, we selected eggs which remained in the early stages of embryo development for certifying the consistent and stable monitoring for environmental pollutants in egg contents. However, it was not considered to classify an order of eggs per clutch in this study. It is known that the concentration variations of pollutants exist among eggs in one clutch. Therefore, it is needed to consider the positions of eggs in the laying sequences to meet the objective of bioaccumulation monitoring. We collected 30 eggs in each site but the amount may be insufficient to achieve storage target (over 2,000 g). Therefore, we need to consider an optimal sampling size.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 2011

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential of producing bioethanol from yellow poplar ($Liriodendron$ $tulipifera$) wood chips by oxalic acid pretreatment and to examine the pretreatment conditions by response surface methodology (RSM). Based on $2^3$ factorial design, adjusted variables were reaction temperature ($^{\circ}C$), residence time (min), and acid loading (g/g), and a series of distinct 15 experimental conditions was organized with duplication at central point (total 16 performances). After pretreatment, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was subjected on solid fraction with yeast strain $Pichia$ $stipitis$. Maximum ethanol yields of the most samples were measured at 72 hours and applied to RSM as a dependent variable. 9.7 g/${\ell}$ of ethanol was produced from the solid pretreated at $180^{\circ}C$ for 40 min with 0.013 g/g of oxalic acid loading. According to the response surface methodology, it was determined that the temperature is the most governing factor via statistic analysis.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.73-76
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• 2005

Center for Food Standard Evaluation, Korea Food and Drug AdministrationThis study was performed to compare analytical methods of nine synthetic food colors and six food color lakes in Korea, Japan, Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee of Food Additives (JECFA), and USA. The experimental protocol of this study consists of three parts: titration method with titanium chloride, gravimetric and spectrophotometric method. To measure the total contents of food colors, Korea and Japan used titration method with titanium chloride, USA used the average value of titration method with titanium chloride equipped with Kipp generator and spectrophotometric method. Also, JECFA used titration method with titanium chloride equipped with KiPP generator. However, All the low organizations used gravimetric method to measure the total content of coloring matter on Food Red No.3. Although all organizations use various methods for analysis of coloring matters, total contents of coloring matter on food colors tested fell into the standard showing $85.08-96.40\%$ in synthetic food colors and $10.00-36.86\%$ in food color lakes.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.105-122
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to understand how a teacher's teaching can be changed while he or she teaches the same contents in different classes. The qualitative research method was used in this study. Data were collected from classroom observations, several in-depth interviews, and stimulated-recall interviews after each class. All the data were transcribed and analyzed interpretively, and then, the results of the analysis were checked by each participating teacher. The results are as follows: First, changes appeared in each class in terms of the teaching items, tools, sequence, and time, even though the same teacher taught the same contents. It showed that the teacher's teaching practice changed immediately and intuitively in class. Second, teachers tried to implement "exploratory teaching" or "move-testing teaching" to address the emerging problems during their teaching. They then reflected on and modified their own teaching. This type of change, which happened during the teaching practice, can be an example of "Reflection-in-practice." Thus, the results of this study can provide helpful insights into how teachers might adapt and reflect in their teaching. It suggests that teachers need to recognize their subconscious teaching changes and learn "Reflection-in-practice."

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.672-680
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• 2019

This paper proposes "A Smart Farm Environment Optimization and Yield Prediction Platform based on IoT and Deep Learning" which gathers bio-sensor data from farms, diagnoses the diseases of growing crops, and predicts the year's harvest. The platform collects all the information currently available such as weather and soil microbes, optimizes the farm environment so that the crops can grow well, diagnoses the crop's diseases by using the leaves of the crops being grown on the farm, and predicts this year's harvest by using all the information on the farm. The result shows that the average accuracy of the AEOM is about 15% higher than that of the RF and about 8% higher than the GBD. Although data increases, the accuracy is reduced less than that of the RF or GBD. The linear regression shows that the slope of accuracy is -3.641E-4 for the ReLU, -4.0710E-4 for the Sigmoid, and -7.4534E-4 for the step function. Therefore, as the amount of test data increases, the ReLU is more accurate than the other two activation functions. This paper is a platform for managing the entire farm and, if introduced to actual farms, will greatly contribute to the development of smart farms in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.712-719
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• 2014

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of trehalose on quality characteristics of white pan bread. Basic formula consisted of bread flour, 6% sucrose, and 0, 2, 4, 6% trehalose, respectively. Loaf volume, specific loaf volume, baking loss rate, moisture content, water activity, crumb color, and sensory evaluation scores were determined for quality characteristics of bread. White pan bread containing 4% trehalose had a higher loaf volume of 2,140 mL and specific loaf volume of 3.96 mL/g. Baking loss rate of white pan bread was the lowest in the loaf containing 6% trehalose. In crumb texture analysis, hardness of loaf containing 4% of trehalose was the lowest after 7 days of storage. Moisture content and water activity of white pan breads increased with increasing level of trehalose. Color of crumbs was the brightest in the loaf containing 6% trehalose. White pan bread containing 4% trehalose scored better in the sensory evaluation than the others. As a result, trehalose affected quality characteristics of white pan bread. Especially, the addition of 4% trehalose to white pan bread had beneficial effects on quality characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.9
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• pp.1324-1332
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• 2016

The effects of different hydrocolloids, including hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), xanthan gum (XG), guar gum (GG), and glucomannan (GM), on bread quality characteristics were investigated. The composite flour used for bread production consisted of 80% bread flour and 20% rice flour with 1% different hydrocolloids based on baker's%. Loaf volume, specific loaf volume, baking and cooling loss rate, moisture content, crumb texture and color, and sensory evaluation were determined. Breads containing HPMC and GM showed the highest loaf volumes, but the difference was not significant. Bread containing GM showed the lowest baking and cooling loss rate (7.03 and 7.78%, respectively), and the highest moisture content. Breads containing HPMC and GM showed increased springiness and decreased hardness based on texture profile analysis. Cohesiveness, chewiness, and gumminess of breads containing GM and HPMC showed their lowest values, whereas breads containing XG revealed their highest values. Bread with HPMC showed lightest coloured crumbs. In the sensory evaluation, bread containing GM and HPMC presented their highest scores, whereas bread containing XG showed the lowest scores. Overall, HPMC and GM significantly and positively affected quality characteristics of bread.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.907-913
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• 2012

Piceatannol (trans-3,4,3',5'-tetrahydroxystilbene) is a polyphenol detected in grapes, rhubarb, and sugarcane. Although recent experimental data revealed that this compound is known to exhibit immunosuppressive and antitumorigenic activities in several cell lines, the molecular mechanisms underlying anticancer activity are poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated possible further mechanisms by which piceatannol exerts its anti-proliferative action in cultured human gastric cancer AGS cells. Piceatannol treatment resulted in the inhibition of growth and G1 arrest of the cell cycle in a concentration-dependent manner, as determined by MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis. The induction of G1 arrest by piceatannol was associated with the modulation of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) and cyclins, up-regulation of the expression of Cdk inhibitor p21 (WAF1/CIP1) in both transcriptional and translational levels, and the inhibition of phosphorylation of retinoblastoma proteins and E2F1 expression. In addition, piceatannol treatment caused a progressive decrease in the expression levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 without significant changes in the levels of COX-1, which was correlated with a decrease in prostaglandin $E_2$ synthesis.