• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.209-217
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• 2014

As an idea of healing or fatigue recovery, a desire for massage therapy has increased for modern people who complain of pain such as knotted muscles or shoulder discomfort due to fatigue accumulation and stress. To resolve this, although a massage chair has been developed, it does not provide the most efficient massage as it is not suitable for Korean body types. In this paper, this research analyzed massage, assembly, massage intensity, Korean body types and functions of the massage for maximized efficiency to design critical functions. Also, we implemented the action control and algorithm of the massage chair for localization.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.261-271
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• 2000

In order to evaluate the environmental impact of U anormaly in the drainage system around the Shinbo talc mine area, U contents, their distribution patterns, bioaccumulation and a-radioactivity in stream water, stream sediments and aquatic organisms were investigated. The U contents of stream water attenuated with increasing distance from the mine area. The same attenuation pattern is shown in stream sediments from mine to 0.75 km downstream, although these contain highly enriched U contents (24~83 mg/kg) comparing with the international average concentration of surface soils (0.79~11 mg/kg). However, U content increases abruptly in sediment at 1.5 km downstream, probably due to detrital migration and rediposition of U enriched sediments. Futhermore, enriched U in downstream sediments occur in high proportions of carbonate and Fe-Mn oxide bounded forms, which show high potential of a secondary pollution source. For aquatic organisms, bio accumulation degree of U are in the order: aquatic larvae>black snail>mountain frog>crawfish. Cultured trout by the U enrich groundwater (387 ${\mu}g$/l) shows U accumulation in the part of branchia (CRs 5.25) and bones (CRs 11.2) but not in flesh (CRs 0.03). Total a-radioactivity have been measured in the level as 0.47 nCi/l for groundwater, 2.94~18 nCi/kg${\cdot}$DW for organisms and 93~328 nCi/kg${\cdot}$DW for sediments.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.2112-2118
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• 2017

Leuconostoc mesenteroides is used as a starter to produce high-quality kimchi products. In this study, an efficient and economical cabbage juice medium (CJM) was developed by process optimization of cabbage extraction and pasteurization and by compositional supplementation of various lacking nutrients. The pasteurized cabbage juice was determined to be a good medium candidate to cultivate L. mesenteroides, showing maximal cell numbers ($9.85{\times}10^8CFU/ml$) after 24 h. Addition of sucrose and yeast extract with soy peptone resulted in increment of bacterial cell counts in CJM, showing the supplementing effect of the lacking nutrients. Furthermore, addition of shell powder gave a protective effect on bacterial cells by preventing pH decline and organic acid accumulation in CJM, resulting in a 2-fold increase of bacterial counts. The optimized composition of CJM was 70% cabbage juice diluted with water, 0.5% (w/v) sucrose, 1% (w/v) yeast extract, 1% (w/v) soy peptone, and 1.5% (w/v) ark shell powder. The CJM developed in this study was able to yield a comparable level of bacterial counts with MRS medium and reduced the cost by almost 10-fold.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.273-278
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• 2002

Two-step fed-batch fermentations were carried out to overproduce Bacillus licheniformis maltogenic amylase (BLMA) in recombinant Escherichia coli. The first step was to increase the cell mass by controlling the feeding of a glucose solution, while the second step was designed to improve the amylase expression efficiency by supplementing organic nitrogen sources. The linear gradient feeding method was successfully adopted to maintain the glucose concentration below 0.2 g/l during the fed-batch mode, as effectively minimizing acetic acid formation. When the dissolved oxygen (DO) level became limiting, an accumulation of acetic acid and drastic decrease in specific BLMA productivity were observed. Glucose and organic nitrogen sources consisting of yeast extract and casein hydrolysate were simultaneously supplied in the pH-stat mode to further increase the specific BLMA expression efficiency. An organic nitrogen source consisting of 200 g/1 yeast extract and 100 g/1 casein hydrolysate was found to be the best among the various combinations tested. The feeding of an organic nitrogen source in the second-step fed-batch period was highly beneficial in enhancing the BLMA production. The optimized two-step fed-batch culture resulted in 78 g/l maximum dry cell mass and 443 U/ml maximum BLMA activity, corresponding to 1.5-fold increase in the dry cell mass and 3.7-fold enhancement in BLMA production, compared with the simple fed-batch fermentation.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.36 no.3 s.142
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• pp.229-234
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• 2005

Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner leaf (NNL) has been known that is effective to lowering blood pressure and hyperlipidemic levels. But, its pharmacological actions have not been demonstrated. Therefore, the present research was performed to find the effect of NNL on hyperlipidemic actions in Bio F1B hamster as a model for hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. The hyperlipidemic hamster were induced by basal diet containing 10% coconut oil and 0.05% cholesterol with high fat atherogenic diet(HFAD). A control group and treated groups NNL100, 200, 400 mg/kg/day were fed a HFAD, but a normal group was fed a basal diet only. In conclusion, the serum total cholesterol levels were significantly declined on day 40 in F1B hamster given the NNL extracts (200, 400 mh/kg/day) with p<0.05, when compared with a control value of HFAD fed hamsters. The hepatic TC level was significantly lower in NNL 200 and 400 mg/kg/day group than of control hamster on day 40. But, the HDL levels were not changed between control and treated NNL groups. The TG levels of NNL treated groups showed a decrease tendency compare to the control value. In addition, accumulation of fatty level showed a slight decline to NNL treated groups in aortic arch.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2006

A bioequivalence of Daewoong $Alendronate^{TM}$ (Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Korea) and $Fosamax^{TM}$ tablets (MSD Korea) was evaluated according to the guideline of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). A single 70 mg dose of sodium alendronate of each medicine was administered orally to 56 healthy male volunteers. This study was performed in a $2\;{\time}\;2$ crossover design. Concentrations of alendronate in the urine were monitored by a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). $A_{et}$ (cumulative urinary excreted amount from time 0 to last sampling interval) was calculated by the accumulation of the urinary excreted alendronate. $U_{max}$ (maximum urinary excretion rate) and $T_{max}$ (time to reach $U_{max}$) were compiled from the urinary excretion rate - time data. Analysis of variance was performed using logarithmically transformed $A_{et}$ and $U_{max}$. No significant sequence effect was found for all of the bioavailability parameters. The 90% confidence intervals of the $A_{et}$ and $U_{max}$ for Daewoong $Alendronate^{TM}/Fosamax^{TM}$ were 0.89-1.12 and 0.82-1.02, respectively. This study demonstrated the bioequivalence of Daewoong $Alendronate^{TM}$ and $Fosamax^{TM}$ with respect to the rate and extent of absorption.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.655-662
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• 2004

The aim of this work was the validation of a rapid real-time PCR assay based on TaqMan technology for the unequivocal identification of infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) virus, to be used directly on DNA purified from blood specimens. A real-time PCR system targeting at the E3 ORFA gene sequence of canine adenovirus type 1 was optimized and validated through comparative analysis of samples using conventional PCR system. The real-time PCR assay based on TaqMan technology could disclose 23 (37.7%) out of 61 samples as PCR positive. In contrast, 18 (29.5%) samples were found PCR positive when conventional PCR was applied on these samples. The use of the ABI Prism 7700 sequence detection system allowed the efficient determination of the amplified product accumulation through a fluorogenic probe. The entire real-time TaqMan PCR assay, including DNA extraction, amplification, and detection could be completed within 3 hours. The detection method of real-time TaqMan PCR assay was 1,000 times more sensitive than conventional PCR. Real-time TaqMan probe and primer set developed and optimized in this study is a sensitive, rapid and accurate method for detection of ICH virus and can be effective screening tool for the detection of ICH in a diagnostic laboratory routines.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2005

This research was conducted to determine the effect of fertilization programs on crop growth, nutrient uptake and yield of strawberry and salt accumulation in PE film house soil. To achieve these, experiments were conducted through two years with various fertilization program such as traditional fertilization(A), recommended fertilization of Rural development administration (B), Tochigi prefectural experiment station (C) and Nonsan strawberry experiment station (D), and control (E). In 1st year, statistical differences in growth characteristics were not observed among treatments except (E). Yield per 10 was the highest in (D) followed by (A), (B), (C) and (E) and there was the statistical difference between (D) and (E). In the 2nd year experiment, growth characteristics and yield showed similar trends to those of 1st year experiment. In the results of soil analysis of 2nd year, the soil pH of all treatments were in the acceptable range, while electrical conductivity of (A) and (D) were 2.36 and 2.19 %$dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, respectively. After finishing of strawberry cultivation, nitrate concentration in soil solution of (A) and (D) were 74.6 and 65.0%$mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and Na in those were 3.71 and 3.53 $cmol+kg^{-1}$, respectively. Above results indicated that (A) and (D) were good fertilization program for strawberry cultivation, but those also resulted in accumulation of $NO_{3-}N$ and Na in PE house soil.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.88-94
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• 2001

Physical and chemical properties, the salt accumulation and leaching of salt by water of coal fly ash ball (ash ball) were evaluated in comparison with perlite and granule rockwool (rockwool). Bulk density, particle density, solid phase, and porosity of ash ball were 0.93 g.cm$^{-3}$ , 2.29 g.cm$^{-3}$ , 40.6%, 59.4%, respectively. The bulk density of ash ball was greater, while porosity was smaller, than that of perlite and rockwool. Saturation moisture capacity was 52% in ash ball, 71% in perlite, and 90% in rockwool. Water contents after drainage for 1 hr of ash ball, perlite, and rockwool were 21%, 27%, and 80%, respectively. Water content of small granules (3-5 mm) of ash ball was 5% greater than that of large (7-15 mm) grannules. The ash ball was a weak alkali substrate with pH 7.6, but not electric conductivity (EC), of the nutrient solution supplied to ash ball slightly increased. When the absorption of mineral ions to substrates were analyzed, ash ball and RW absorbed mainly PO￣$_4$. On tomato culture, salt accumulation in ash ball substrate was similar to that in perlite. Most of the salts in the ash balls were removed by submerging the substrate eight times in distilled water. It is concluded that water holding capacity of ash ball substrate was lo as compared to other substrates, but air permeability, and water diffusion was excellent, making control of medium water content easy.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.373-383
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• 2016

Cheonsu Bay, one of the most important in Korea as a coastal fishery is a semi-enclosed bay that is surrounded by large farmlands and industrial areas. This coastal environment has been affected by anthropogenic pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). The objectives of this study were to investigate the distribution of PCBs and OCPs in sediment, Manila clams, and mussels from Cheonsu Bay; the accumulation pattern of these chemicals in these bivalves in relation to seasonal changes; and the ecological risk from sediments and the risk to the Korean population from the consumption of these bivalves. The levels of ${\Sigma}PCBs$, ${\Sigma}DDT$, and ${\Sigma}HCHs$ were 69.3-109, 40.3-49.3 and 6.25-17.8 ng/g lipid in Manila clams, and 70.6-159, 38.6-102 and 9.00-13.5 ng/g lipid in Mussels. Significant seasonal variations in PCBs and OCPs concentrations were observed in the two bivalves, suggesting that the accumulation of PCBs and OCPs in these species is related to their spawning times. The dietary intake of these two bivalves and the resulting lifetime cancer risk (LCR) and non-cancer risk were calculated for the human population. The consumption of these bivalves seemed to be safe in relation to human health with negligible LCR and non-cancer risk.