• Title/Summary/Keyword: Bio-Pharmaceutical

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Enhanced Formation of Scrapie Prion Protein in Cultured Cells by Treatment with Mycosporine-like Amino Acids (MAAs) (Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) 처리에 따른 배양세포 내 스크래피 프리온 단백질의 형성증가)

  • Lee, Jihyun;Moh, Sang-Hyun;Ryou, Chongsuk;Kim, Dae-Hwan
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.43 no.2
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    • pp.91-96
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    • 2015
  • Prions are proteinaceous infectious particles that cause neurodegenerative diseases, such as scrapie in sheep, bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans. Although the detailed process, regarding the abnormal conversion of prion proteins (PrP), remains to be fully elucidated, a number of environmental factors appear to affect the formation of misfolded PrP, termed PrPSc. Because oceanic algae contain mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), which exhibit cellular defensive activities under a variety of stress conditions, we investigated the level of PrPSc in prion-infected neuroblastoma cells using mycosporine-glycine, porphyra-334 and shinorine. When judged by the level of protease-resistant PrPSc in western blots, porphyra-334 and shinorine increased the level of PrPSc in cells, but mycosporine-glycine did not. The current results indicate that the MAAs tested in this study enhance the formation of PrPSc.

Probiotic and Antioxidant Properties of Novel Lactobacillus brevis KCCM 12203P Isolated from Kimchi and Evaluation of Immune-Stimulating Activities of Its Heat-Killed Cells in RAW 264.7 Cells

  • Song, Myung Wook;Jang, Hye Ji;Kim, Kee-Tae;Paik, Hyun-Dong
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.29 no.12
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    • pp.1894-1903
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study was to determine the probiotic properties of Lactobacillus brevis KCCM 12203P isolated from the Korean traditional food kimchi and to evaluate the antioxidative activity and immune-stimulating potential of its heat-killed cells to improve their bio-functional activities. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which is a representative commercial probiotic, was used as a comparative sample. Regarding probiotic properties, L. brevis KCCM 12203P was resistant to 0.3% pepsin with a pH of 2.5 for 3 h and 0.3% oxgall solution for 24 h, having approximately a 99% survival rate. It also showed strong adhesion activity (6.84%) onto HT-29 cells and did not produce β-glucuronidase but produced high quantities of leucine arylamidase, valine arylamidase, β-galactosidase, and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase. For antioxidant activity, it appeared that viable cells had higher radical scavenging activity in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, while in the 2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assay, heat-killed cells had higher antioxidant activity. Additionally, L. brevis KCCM 12203P showed higher lipid oxidation inhibition ability than L. rhamnosus GG; however, there was no significant difference (p < 0.05) between heat-killed cells and control cells. Furthermore, heat-killed L. brevis KCCM 12203P activated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells without cytotoxicity at a concentration lower than 108 CFU/ml and promoted higher gene expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 than L. rhamnosus GG. These results suggest that novel L. brevis KCCM 12203P could be used as a probiotic or applied to functional food processing and pharmaceutical fields for immunocompromised people.

Long-term Outlook and Implications of the Marine Biotechnology Market in Korea and Abroad (국내외 해양생명공학 산업시장의 장기예측 및 함의)

  • Jang, Duckhee;Kang, Gilmo;Chae, Gi-Young;Kim, Soo-Ji;Jo, Min-Ju;Cha, Jeong-Mi;Ham, Hyun-Kyung
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.93-105
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    • 2013
  • The marine biotechnology industry is very significant as compared to other industries as one of the driving forces for economic growth in the next generation in Korea. However, the marine biotechnology market has been considered as a component of the biotechnology industry market which made difficult for creating separate research areas in relation to the scope of the relevant industry market as well as making it difficult to establish its own R&D policy strategies. Accordingly, this study was executed to estimate the future long-term market value of the marine biotechnology within the limit of industrial field and to verify the importance of national R&D investment in marine biotechnology on the basis of estimations within the industrial perspective. To this end, we classified the marine biotechnology industry into the four sub-sectors and estimated the domestic and global industrial market in 2010 and 2024. According to the results, the domestic and global market of the marine biotechnology industry will see a remarkable growth by 2024. In particular, the bio-energy, pharmaceutical and functional foods industry markets will achieve astonishing advances. On the basis of the analysis results, Korea has to establish more progressive and aggressive R&D investment strategies to strengthen national competitiveness through the marine biotechnology industry.

Physical Properties of Granule Prepared by Ginseng Extracts and Selected Forming Agents (다양한 부형제 첨가에 따른 인삼분말 과립차의 물리적 특성)

  • Hur, Sang-Sun;Kim, Il-Chool
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.683-694
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    • 2018
  • The ginseng extract was dried and added forming agents using lactose, glucose and arabic gum to enhance convenience and consumer acceptability. As the addition of lactose increased, the absorption of ginseng granule decreased and the solubility tended to increase as the amount of glucose added decreased. The amount of solubilized saponin from the ginseng granules was affected more by the addition amount of ginseng concentrate than by the kind and amount of the forming agents added. Absorption and solubility tended to increase with increasing amount of arabic gum, and there was no significant difference in color change(p<0.05). The optimal mixing ratio of ginseng granules according to addition of forming agents was 10% of ginseng concentrate, 80% of lactose, 5% of glucose and 5% of arabic gum.

The effect of Yukjabaegi (six bit song) on overcoming grief through empathy sung by Hyang-ryun An pepped us up on YouTube (https://youtu.be/04RRMyOGW90)

  • Ko, Kyung Ja;Hwang, Sung Yeoun
    • CELLMED
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    • v.6 no.4
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    • pp.26.1-26.3
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this article is to argue that Korean music, Yukjabaegi (six-bit songs), helps us overcome grief. It is not untrue to say that Yukjabaegi is among the greatest types of music in Korea. This is a testament to the prominence of this statue among Han Ak (Korean music, 韓樂). Empathy is an inherent human quality involving all parts of the brain which is also linked to feelings of love. Empathy is created the moment we imagine ourselves in someone else's situation. Moreover, if empathy is good for us, the generation of empathy may actually mobilize our strength. Koreans have superior strength in overcoming grief and difficult situations by singing together. Often Koreans feel that their lives and labors are difficult, they start singing Yukjabaegi because they consider grief and anxiety wear on a person more than hard work. Listening to and singing Yukjabaegi can cheer up people who feel as limp as a rag after hard labor. Tackling reality and venting the experience via creative expression is bound to be healthy. Under a change of the rhythm pattern, Yukjabaegi thus becomes a major form of amusement for those suffering from difficult situations and comes as a true friend to share in our grief with us. Singing together via Yukjabaegi is a time to share grief. Thus, this, author believes that it is related to empathy. It helps us overcome grief by means of music therapy.

Effects of Herbal Complex, YJ-1, on Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice Model (NC/Nga 마우스에서 생약 복합 조성물 YJ-1의 아토피성 피부염 치료 효능)

  • Lee, Geum-Seon;Lee, Ki-Man;Shim, Hong;Kim, Jin-Hong;Cheong, Jae-Hoon;Kang, Tae-Jin
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.56 no.2
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    • pp.92-98
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    • 2012
  • This study was conducted to determine if YJ-1, a novel herbal complex from a mixture of six oriental herbs (Hydnocarpi Semen, Sesami Semen, Dictamni Radicis Cortex, Momordicae Semen, Xanthii Fructus, and Sophorae Radix), has therapeutic properties for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). Using AD like symptom-induced NC/Nga mice by 1-chloro 2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB), the effectiveness of YJ-1 on AD was evaluated. Elidel cream$^{(R)}$ (1% pimecrolimus) was used as a control. Dermal application of YJ-1 reduced major clinical signs of AD such as erythema, pruritus, lichenification, edema/escoriations, and dryness. Interestingly, YJ-1 more improved AD-related symptoms including decrease of spleen weight, IL-4, and IgE level in the serum as well as reduction of scratching counts and clinical skin severity in the NC/Nga AD mouse model. Especially, treatment of YJ-1 at 20% in NC/Nga mice more effected than Elidel cream. These results suggest that the ointment of YJ-1 may enhance the process of AD healing by alleviating allergic reaction and has potential for therapeutic reagent for the treatment of AD.

Identification and Characteristics of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Shellfishes (패류로부터 젖산 세균의 분리 및 특성)

  • Kang, Chang-Ho;Jeong, Ho-Geon;Koo, Ja-Ryong;Jeon, Eun-Jin;Kwak, Dae-Yung;Hong, Chae-Hwan;Kim, Si-Hwan;Seo, Ji-Yeon;Han, Do-Suck;So, Jae-Seong
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.151-156
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    • 2012
  • Lactic acid is an important product arising from the anaerobic fermentation by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). It is used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, chemical, and food industries as well as for biodegradable polymer and green solvent production. The poly lactic acid (PLA) is an important material for bio-plastic manufacturing process. For PLA production by new LAB, we screened LAB isolates from shellfish. A total of 28 LAB were isolated from various shellfishes. They were all Gram positive, oxidase and catalase negative. Based on API 50CHL kit, 7 strains among the 28 isolates were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, 6 strains as Lactobacillus delbrueckii, 5 strains as Leuconostoc mesenteroides, 3 strains as Lactobacillus brevis, 2 strains as Lactococcus lactis, 1 strain as Lactobacillus salivarius, 1 strain as Lactobacillus paracasei, 1 strain as Lactobacillus pentosus, 1 strain as Lactobacillus fermentum and 1 strain as Pediococcus pentosaceu. Also, we examined the amount of total lactic acid produced by these new strains by HPLC analysis with Chiralpak MA column. One strain E-3 from Mytilus edulis was indentified as Lactobacillus plantarum and found to produce 20.0 g/L of D-form lactic acid from 20 g/L of dextrose. Further studies are underway to increase the D-lactic acid production by E-3.

A Comparative Study on the Excess Returns of Growth Stocks and Value Stocks in the Korean Stock Market (한국 주식시장에서 성장주와 가치주의 초과수익률 비교 연구)

  • Koh, Seunghee
    • Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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    • v.9 no.7
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    • pp.213-222
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    • 2018
  • This study attempts to empirically investigate the excess returns of growth stocks in the Korean stock market comparing with those of value stocks. Recently, a few of IT and bio-pharmaceutical stocks with high growth potentials have accomplished dramatically high returns in the Korean stock market. Whereas, important prior studies in this line have observed negative excess returns from investment of growth stocks on average. And a few studies have reported that the distribution of excess returns from growth stocks is not normal but positively skewed. Empirical results of the present study are consistent with those of prior studies. Interestingly, the present study observed serial inverse correlation between excess returns of growth stocks and value stocks. Also, regardless of growth or value stocks, the stocks with higher PEG(=PER/ROE) showed higher excess returns.

Classification and Characteristics of Chitin/Chitosan Hydrolases (키틴/키토산 가수분해효소의 분류 및 특성)

  • Lee, Han-Seung
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.18 no.11
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    • pp.1617-1624
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    • 2008
  • Chitin and chitosan, which is deacetylated form of chitin, are one of the most abundant biomass on the earth. They showed various biological activities including antimicrobial activity, heavy metal chelating, immune system activation, and have very diverse applications in food, pharmaceutical, medicinal, and environmental industry. There have been reported many chitin/chitosan-hydrolyzing enzymes, their structures and genes from three domains, archaea, bacteria, and eukarya. Carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes are classified in CAZy (Carbohydrate Active Enzymes) database according to their amino acid sequence similarity. Interestingly, chitinases and chitosanases are classified in various glycosyl hydrolase(GH) families, GH2, GH5, GH7, GH8, GH18, GH19, GH20, GH46, GH48, GH73, GH75, GH80, GH84, and GH85. Here, we review characteristics and structures of chitin/chitosan hydrolyzing enzymes according to glycosyl hydrolase families in order to provide information about gene mining.

Oriental Medicine papers review on Anticancer Effect of Ginseng (인삼의 항암작용에 대한 한의학 관련 논문 분석)

  • Jang, Sung-Ill;Yoo, Hwa-Seung
    • Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.145-151
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    • 2011
  • Backgrounds: Multidisciplinary approaches including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy are currently being performed to target various cancers in Western Medicine. However, some cancers still remain difficult to battle, which has long attracted many scientists for the discovery of new agents to fight cancers. Ginseng is one of the herbs used in Oriental Medicine including Korea, China and Japan. We have further investigated ginseng for its anticancer effect. Objective: This is a comprehensive review summary of anticancer effect of ginseng and ginsenoids as a possible agent for future cancer treatment. Methods: Data were retrieved from two web sites; www.pubmed.com and www.riss.kr, and authorized texts concerning anticancer effects of ginseng. From collected data, information on anticancer effect of ginseng was thoroughly sorted, restructured, then assessed. Results: Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer belongs to Araliaceae Panax family, a perennial prairie plant with its root known as Ginseng Radix. Ginseng induces anticancer effect through cell cycle arrest, acceleration of apoptosis, anti-angiogenesis, and suppression of metastasis. Anticancer effect of ginseng may be due to single compound or multi-compound actions. Many studies report involvement of immune mechanisms of cytokines, Natural Killer (NK) cells, macrophages and some antibodies in enhancing anticancer effect of ginseng. In near future, possibility of applying these mechanisms into clinical trials is convinced. There were some important findings on saponin in ginsenoids in reviewing for this article; First, eradication of metastatic tumors were influenced by macrophage activation. Second, suppression of malignant melanoma cell metastasis to lung were induced by macrophage and NK cell activation in spleen with red ginseng acidic polysaccharide (RGAP). Third, final metabolites of M1, M4 had exerted anticancer effect of ginseng. Conclusion: Unknown anticancer mechanisms of ginseng have been studied for many years up until now. Ginseng is comprised of multiple bio-chemical compounds that create complex pharmaceutical interactions. Therefore, for its proper usage and safe prescription, studies on different types of ginseng and patients' susceptibility to ginseng according to their constitution and stages of the disease should be further pursued. More efforts are needed to understand the anticancer mechanisms of ginseng as well.