• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2018

The maturation and spawning of black scraper, Thamnaconus modestus were studied using samples collected monthly from March, 2015 to February, 2016 in the coastal waters off Middle East Sea, Korea. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) of female was the highest in June. The spawning periods lasted from March to September based on histological observation of female gonad development. The percentage of sexually mature females estimated from a logistic function was over 50% for the size group 18.02 cm (total length, TL). The size of eggs spawned was between 0.40 to 0.58 mm. Fecundity varied between 185,648 and 9,747,250 eggs. The relationship between the fecundity and TL of the fish was expressed in the fecundity equation as $F=0.0297TL^{5.4835}$.

• 센서학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.219-222
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• 2013

The exhaled breath contains gases generated from human body. When disease occurs in the body, exhaled breath may include gas components released from disease metabolism. If we can find specific elements through analysis of the exhaled gases, this approach is an effective way to diagnose the disease. The lung function has a close relationship with exhalation. Exhaled gases from COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) patients can be analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and a gas sensor system. The exhaled breath for healthy person and COPD patients had different components. Significantly more benzendicarboxylic acid was detected from COPD patients than in healthy persons. In addition, patients had a variety of decane. Phosphorous compounds with different isomers were detected from patients. The results obtained by gas sensor system were processed by PCA (Principal Component Analysis). The PCA results revealed distinct difference between the patients and healthy people.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.267-272
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• 2011

The latent heat of vaporization in rough rice, brown rice, white rice and rice hull was calculated by Clausius-Clapeyron equation, which does not require complex constraints as in Othmer method. Equilibrium relative humidity and ratio of the latent heat of vaporization with ln$P_{\upsilon}$ and ln$P_S$ were estimated with moisture contents ranging from 10% (d.b.) to 36% (d.b.) with 2% (d.b.) increment and temperatures ranging from $10^{\circ}C$ to $50^{\circ}C$ with $2.5^{\circ}C$ increment. An empirical equation for calculating the latent heat of vaporization in rice was developed as a function of moisture content and temperature. The equation agreed well with the calculated results. The ratio for latent heat of vaporization were the greatest for white rice while they were similar among rough rice, brown rice and rice hull.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.273-277
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• 2013

A unified potentiostat circuit for both $O_2$- and $H_2O_2$- based electrochemical glucose sensors was proposed and its function was verified by circuit simulations and measurement results of a fabricated chip. This circuit consisted of an operational amplifier, a comparator and current mirrors. The proposed circuit was fabricated with a $0.13{\mu}m$ thick oxide CMOS process and an active area of $360{\mu}m{\times}100{\mu}m$. The measurements revealed an input operation range from 0.5 V to 1.6 V in the $H_2O_2$- based bio-sensor and from 1.7 V to 2.6 V in the $O_2$- based bio-sensor with a supply voltage of 3.3 V. The evaluation results showed that the proposed potentiostat circuit is suitable for measuring the electrochemical cell currents of both $O_2$- and $H_2O_2$- based glucose sensors.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.453-462
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Platycodon grandiflorum (PG), an oriental herbal medicine, has been known to improve liver function, and has both anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. However, little is known about the immune-enhancing effects of PG and its mechanism. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether fermented PG extract (FPGE), which has increased platycodin D content, activates the immune response in a murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7. MATERIALS/METHODS: Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and the nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured using Griess reagent. Cytokine messenger RNA levels of were monitored by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying immunomodulatory actions of FPGE in RAW 264.7 cells, we have conducted luciferase reporter gene assay and western blotting. RESULTS: We found that FPGE treatment induced macrophage cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. FPGE also modulated the expression of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. The activation and phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were increased by FPGE treatment. Moreover, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide, an activator of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), significantly reduced both lipopolysaccharides- and FPGE-induced NF-κB reporter gene activity. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our findings suggest that FPGE may be a novel immune-enhancing agent acting via AMPK-NF-κB signaling pathway.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.173-181
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• 2015

We identified the $Na^+-K^+-2Cl^-$ cotransporter 2 (NKCC2) cDNA isoform from starry flounder, Platichthys stellate. The NKCC2 cDNA encoded a polypeptide of 1,043 amino acids representing 12 putative transmembrane domains based on the bioinformatic topology prediction. In addition, starry flounder NKCC2 possessed highly conserved residues within transmembrane domain 4, known as an essential site for its function. End-point reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the NKCC2 transcript was moderately expressed only in the anterior and posterior intestines and the rectum. The NKCC2 mRNA level in the rectum, but not in other segments, was significantly induced 3 days post Streptococcus parauberis challenge, indicating that excess salt may be transported into the rectum. Taken together, our data indicate that an S. parauberis infection could tip the intestinal fluid balance in favor of fluid accumulation, indicating that bacterial pathogens can interfere with intestinal osmotic balance and normal mucosal immune homeostasis.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.8.1-8.18
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• 2017

Background: Metallothionein (MT) is a multifunctional protein playing important roles in homeostatic regulation and detoxification of metals. Mollusk species have been considered as useful sentinel platforms for MT-based biomarker approaches, and they have been reported to display an extraordinary structural diversity of MT proteins. However, potential diversity of molluskan MTs has not been fully explored and recent updates have suggested the need of revision of evolutionary hypothesis for molluskan MTs. Results: Based on bioinformatic analysis and phylogenetic evidences, novel divergence mechanisms and paths were hypothesized in both gastropod and bivalve MT groups. Our analyses are suggestive of the taxon- or lineage-specific domain multiplication/duplication from the ancestral or prototypic MT. Diversification and selection of molluskan MTs might be driven by the needs for acquiring metal selectiveness, specialized novel function, and improved capacity of metal detoxification under environmentally stressed conditions. Conclusion: The structural diversity and variations of molluskan MTs are significantly larger than previously understood. Undoubtedly, molluskan MTs have undergone dynamic divergent processes in their evolutionary histories, giving rise to the great diversity of domain structures in extant MT isoforms. Novel evolutionary paths for molluskan MTs newly proposed in this review could shed additional light onto the revision of the hypothesis for evolutionary differentiation of MTs in the molluskan lineage.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.649-656
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 유전자 생물학 분야의 여러 각도로 세포 간 네트워크를 분석하고, 유전자 생물학 분야를 정보공학 네트워크에 응용하여 수치학적인 표현 모델로 분석 연구하고자 한다. 확률적 그래프 모델을 사용하여 데이터 네트워크로부터 생물학적 통찰력을 확률적 함수적으로 응용해, 복잡한 세포 간 네트워크 보다 단순한 하부모델로 구성하여 유전자 베이스네트워크 논리를 유전자 표현 레벨로 나타낸다. 유전자 데이터로부터 확률적 그래프 모델들을 분석하여 유전자 표현 데이터를 정보공학 네트워크 모델의 방법으로 확장 추론한다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.356-360
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• 2018

The fermentation of medicinal herbs facilitated by microbes is assumed to exert promising therapeutic efficacy on the absorption, bioavailability, and pharmacological effects by speeding up the making or conversion of active constituents into their metabolites. We examined the cardioprotective potential of fermented ginseng, GBCK25, against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic and functional illnesses as following the essential analysis such as electrocardiographic parameters, alterations of body and organ weights, and echocardiographic studies. The results exhibited that body weights were significantly reduced and the gain of different organ weights were partly eased by GBCK25 treatment. Echocardiography results proposed the amelioration of heart function through normalized levels of left ventricle systolic pressure, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening. These outcomes deliver straight confirmation that GBCK25 could be a potential nutraceutical source for the relief of HFD-induced obesity mediated cardiac dysfunctions.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2017

Soil was regarded as infinite resources but recently, soil is considered as invaluable resources that we need to protect and conserve. Main objective of this research was to evaluate soil value in terms of soil carbon contents. Soil was classified into forest, paddy, upland, and grass. Carbon contents in each soil was calculated based on soil chemical properties. Calculated soil carbon contents was ranged $15.31-108.86mg\;kg^{-1}$. Based on soil carbon contents, soil value was assumed adapting economic concepts. Calculated total soil value based on soil carbon contents was about 18.46 trillion won. Among others, carbon contents in forest was the highest and value was assumed 11.95 trillion won followed by paddy field (3.7 trillion won).