• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.1146-1153
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• 2022

Many probiotic species have been used as a fermentation starter for manufacturing functional food materials. We have isolated Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis LDTM 8102 from the feces of infants as a novel strain for fermentation. While Glycine max has been known to display various bioactivities including anti-oxidant, anti-skin aging, and anti-cancer effects, the immune-modulatory effect of Glycine max has not been reported. In the current study, we have discovered that the extract of Glycine max fermented with B. animalis subsp. lactis LDTM 8102 (GFB 8102), could exert immuno-modulatory properties. GFB 8102 treatment increased the production of immune-stimulatory cytokines in RAW264.7 macrophages without any noticeable cytotoxicity. Analysis of the molecular mechanism revealed that GFB 8102 could upregulate MAPK2K and MAPK signaling pathways including ERK, p38, and JNK. GFB 8102 also increased the proliferation rate of splenocytes isolated from mice. In an animal study, administration of GFB 8102 partially recovered cyclophosphamide-mediated reduction in thymus and spleen weight. Moreover, splenocytes from the GFB 8102-treated group exhibited increased TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β production. Based on these findings, GFB 8102 could be a promising functional food material for enhancing immune function.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.463-467
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• 2007

Structure and optical properties of ZnO epilayers grown on oxygen- and hydrogen-plasma treated sapphire substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (denoted as samples A and B, respectively) have been investigated by various techniques. The crystal quality and structural properties of the surface for the ZnO epilayers were investigated by high-resolution X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscope. For investigating the optical properties of excitonic transition of ZnO, we carried out photoluminescence experiments as a function of temperature. The free exciton, bound exciton emission and their phonon replicas were investigated as a function of temperature from 10 to 300 K, and the intensity of excitonic PL peak emission from the sample A is found to be higher than that of sample B. From the results, we found that sample A has better crystal structure quality and optical properties as compared to sample B. The number of oxygen vacancies may be decreased in sample A, resulting in an enhancement of the crystal quality and a higher intensity of excitonic emission band as compared to sample B.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.152-158
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• 2008

We investigated the changes of protein in chronic MI which was occurred with long-term ischemia, without reperfusion. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into the sham group and the experimental groups (MI groups). The sham group was treated only thoracotomy without ligation for left main descending artery (LMDA) of left coronary artery (LCA), and the experimental groups (MI7d, ligation of LMDA for 7 days and MI30d, ligation of LMDA for 30 days) were conducted an artificial chronic MI. The change of proteins according to passage of times was compared and analyzed on first and second dimension (1 and 2D) sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. Among total 46 spots expressed differentially in the sham group versus MI7d and MI30d groups on 2D gel, we selected proteins that the volume of spot was increased in the MI7d and MI30d groups compared with the sham group. After that, the proteins were identified through liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. In result, we could obtain many proteins as follows; albumin, glucose regulated protein 58 KDa, similar to tripartite motif protein 50, ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein II, sarcomeric mitochondrial creatine kinase, ATP synthetase alpha chain (mitochondrial precursor) and creatine kinase. In conclusion, we suggest many changed proteins shown at chronic ischemia after artificial MI and consider that these proteins play an important role in the function of heart after MI.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.88-95
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• 2015

Blood pump analysis process includes both mechanical and bio-mechanical aspects. Since a blood pump is a mechanical device, it has to be mechanically efficient. On the other hand, blood pumps function is sensitively related to the blood recirculation; hence, bio-factors such as hemolysis and thrombosis become important. This paper numerically investigates the mechanical and bio-mechanical performances of the Rotaflow in the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO), Ventricular Assist Device(VAD), and full-load conditions. The operational conditions are defined as(400[mmHg], 5[L/min.]), (100[mmHg], 3[L/min.]), and (600[mmHg], 10[L/min.]) for ECMO, VAD, and full-load conditions, respectively. The results are presented and analyzed from the mechanical aspect via performance curves, and from bio-mechanical aspect via focusing on hemolytic characteristics. Regions of top and bottom cavities show recirculation in both ECMO and VAD condtions. In addition, Eulerian-based calculation of modified index of hemolysis(MIH) has been investigated. The results demonstrate that the VAD condition has the least risk of hemolysis among the others, while the full-load condition has the highest risk.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.1525-1529
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• 2004

Most of the recently developed robots are human friendly robots which imitate an animal or human such as entertainment robot, bio-mimetic robot and humanoid robot. Interest in these robots are increasing since the social trend is focused on health, welfare, and graying. By these social backgrounds, robots become more human friendly and suitable for home or personal environment. The more bio-mimetic robots resemble living creature, the more human feels familiarity. People feel close friendship not only when they feed a pet, but also when they watch a pet having the food. Most of entertainment robots and pet robots use internal-type batteries and have a self-recharging function. Entertainment robots and pet robots with internal-type batteries are not able to operate during charging the battery. So far there have been a few robots that do not depend on a battery. However, they need a bulky energy conversion unit and a slug or foods as an energy source, which is not suitable for home or personal application. In this paper, we introduce a new bio-mimetic entertainment robot with autonomous feeding functionality, called ELIRO-1(Eating LIzard RObot version 1). The ELIRO-1 is able to find a food (a small battery), feed by itself and evacuate. We describe the design concept of the autonomous feeding mechanism of the ELIRO-1, characteristics of sub-parts of the manufactured mechanism and the control system.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.1170-1176
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• 2007

The conventional urodynamic monitoring is fulfilled by artificially filling a bladder with saline. Generally. it is difficult to evaluate the physiological functions of the storage and voiding of a bladder. With this aim, we constructed an ambulatory urodynamic monitoring (AUM) system and proposed a novel method estimating abdominal pressure by measuring bio-impedance variations. Our system was clinically evaluated for 10 patients. It turned out to be that as the intensity of the abdomen contraction increased, the amplitude of bio-impedance signal and the RMS value of EMG increased more as compared to those who observed during the rest mode. Also, we determined the optimum electrode pair for estimating the abdominal pressure using bio-impedance method and consequently compared with the conventional methods. Because impedance changes differ from a weight, a height, contractile force, volume of muscle and blood other or whatever of individuals, it was quantified in terms of impedance change, correlation coefficient and SNR Our results showed the optimum electrode pair (1,9) which could detect impedance changes due to the increase of the intensity in the abdominal pressure. The correlation coefficient and quadratic function between the RMS values of EMG and the impedance changes were 0.87 and $y=0.0014x^2+0.0620x+0.6958$, respectively. Thus, our system demonstrated that the abdominal pressure could be measured noninvasively and conveniently by simply estimating bio-impedance values. We propose that this optimum electrode configuration would be useful for the future studies involving the handy measurements of abdominal pressure with our suggested ambulatory urodynamics monitoring system.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 2001

In Korea and Japan, dried oak mushrooms are classified into 12 to 16 different categories based on its external visual quality. And grading used to be done manually by the human expert and is limited to the randomly sampled oak mushrooms. Visual features of dried oak mushrooms dominate its quality and are distributed over both sides of the gill and the cap. The 2nd prototype computer vision based automatic grading and sorting system for dried oak mushrooms was developed based on the 1st prototype. Sorting function was improved and overall system for grading was simplified to one stage grading instead of two stage grading by inspecting both front and back sides of mushrooms. Neuro-net based side(gill or cap) recognition algorithm of the fed mushroom was adopted. Grading was performed with both images of gill and cap using neural network. A real time simultaneous discharge algorithm, which is good for objects randomly fed individually and for multi-objects located along a series of discharge buckets, was developed and implemented to the controller and the performance was verified. Two hundreds samples chosen from 10 samples per 20 grade categories were used to verify the performance of each unit such as feeding, reversing, grading, and discharging unites. Test results showed that success rates of one-line feeding, reversing, grading, and discharging functions were 93%, 95%, 94%, and 99% respectively. The developed prototype revealed successful performance such as the approximate sorting capability of 3,600 mushrooms/hr per each line i.e. average 1sec/mushroom. Considering processing time of approximate 0.2 sec for grading, it was desired to reduce time to reverse a mushroom to acquire the reversed surface image.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.195-198
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• 2003

In the cellular response to DNA damaging agents, cells undergo cell cycle arrest or apoptosis against irrepairable DNA damage. RpS3 is known to function as UV DNA repair endonuclease III and ribosomal protein S3. In this study, we used normal and rpS3-overexpressed 293T cells to examine the role of rpS3 in response to DNA damaging agents. When 293T cells transfected with rpS3 were irradiated with UV, the pattern of cell cycle was dramatically changed in comparison with un-transfected 293T cells. We also found that the expression of rpS3 in normal cells was increased by treatment with DNA damaging agents. By means of Western and Northern blot analyses in rat tissues, we showed the expression pattern of rpS3 protein and its mRNA. These data suggest that DNA repair and cell cycle arrest are interrelated to each other through rpS3, and the increased expression of rpS3 seems to regulate the cell cycle arrest by DNA damaging agents.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.439-446
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• 2009

The biosynthesis study of antibiotics saframycin (SFM) in Streptomyces lavendulae and safracin (SAC) in Pseudomonas fluorescens demonstrated that 3-hydroxy-S-methyl-O-methyltyrosine (3hSmOmTyr), a nonproteinogenic amino acid, is the precursor of the tetrahydroisoquinoline molecular core. In the biosynthetic gene cluster of SAC/SFM, sacD/sfmD encodes a protein with high homology to each other but no sequence similarity to other known enzymes; sacF/sfmM2 and sacG/sfmM3 encode methyltransferases for C-methylation and O-methylation; and sacE/sfinF encodes a small protein with significant sequence similarity to the MbtH-like proteins, which are frequently found in the biosynthetic pathways of non ribosomal peptide antibiotics and siderophores. To address their function, the biosynthetic cassette of 3h5mOmTyr was heterologously expressed in S. coelicolor and P. putida, and an in-frame deletion and complementation in trans were carried out. The results revealed that (i) SfmD catalyzes the hydroxylation of aromatic rings; (ii) sacD/sacF/sacG in the SAC gene cluster and sfmD/sfmM2/sfmM3 in the SFM cluster are sufficient for the biosynthesis of 3h5mOmTyr; and (iii) the mbtH-like gene is not required for the biosynthesis of the 3h5mOmTyr precursor.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.405-412
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• 2002

The principle of Acupuncture effect on meridians is what physical stimulation does on general physiology so that is gets into new equilibrium from the fallen function state of human body. However, in western medicine, it is generally accepted that the action passageway of various kinds stimulation has been regarded as nerve-endocrine-immune system. Acupuncture effect has been regarded any action for all meridians as a respones by the stimulation. Western medicine doesn's accept treatment for transmission of the bio-energy. In this paper, we compared change of electric potential when an acupuncturist's bio-energy is passed on and when is not. As a result of clinics, the acupuncture effect is different as acupuncture method, when an acupuncturist's bio-energy is passed on the meridian and it isn's. It implies that acupuncture effect can complicately respond by simple acupuncture stimulus and transmission of bio-energy, on same meridian. We could confirm the relationship between an acupuncturist's energy transmission and acupuncture effect. Therefore, we could diagnosis the state of meridian using change of electric potential on the same meridian.