• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.322-329
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of BIO-CLOD on advanced wastewater treatment for enhanced removal efficiency and meeting the stringent discharge water requirements of wastewater treatment plants. Methods: Two experimental apparatuses consisting of anaerobic, anoxic and aeration tanks were operated. One included a BIO-CLOD cultivation tank. Organic and nutrient parameters and removal efficiency were analyzed by pH, BOD, CODcr, SS, T-N and T-P. Results: The average removal efficiencies of BOD, COD and SS from the apparatus with BIO-CLOD tank installation were 95.5%, 88.6% and 92.9%, respectively, and these were higher than the results from the apparatus without BIO-CLOD. The average TP removal efficiency with BIO-CLOD tank marked 56.0%, higher than the 47.3% from the apparatus without one. BIO-CLOD showed a higher performance for TN removal at 49.6%, compared to the result without BIO-CLOD of 34.3% Conclusion: By reaction with BIO-CLOD, ammonia removal was effective in the aeration tank, as was phosphorus release in the anaerobic tank. Phosphorus luxury uptake and nitrification in aeration tank proceeded smoothly. The application of BIO-CLOD can improve the decrease of odor and settleability of activated sludge in a wastewater treatment plant, as well as increase the removal efficiency of organic and nutrient materials in water.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.145-150
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the growth of lettuce last for 36 days. Lettuce planted on the same medium with different treatment. The first treatment watering using bio-fertilizer (farmer) and second watering using effective microorganism. Lettuce grown in greenhouse with temperature $18-32^{\circ}C$.Characteristic observed that growth in height and weight of the plants. From the observations that can be generated at high observation, treatment 1 had a higher than treatment 2. On the last day treatment plant with treatment 1 had a 99.8 mm high while treatment 2 has height of 90.7 mm. Observation on severe treatment 1 has a heavier weight than treatment 2. Plants with treatment 1 have a weight on the last day of 0.15665 grams while in plants with treatment 2 weights are 0.11365 grams.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.274-280
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• 2007

The effect of biofertilizer in enhancing nutrient quality and antioxidant property of rice grain was investigated. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications and 7 treatments namely : RF = $N-P_2O_5-K_2O(11-5.5-4.8kg\;10a^{-1});$ half of the recommended fertilizer rate, $HRF=N-P_2O_5-K_2O(5.5-2.75-2.4kg\;10a^{-1}):$ HRF+Bio 250=HRF combined with 250 kg Biofertilizer 10 $a^{-1}$; HRF+Bio 500=HRF combined with 500 kg Biofertilizer 10 $a^{-1};$ Bio 250=250 kg Biofertilizer 10 $a^{-1};$ Bio 500=500 kg Biofertilizer 10 $a^{-1};$ and NF=No Fertilizer. Results showed that HRF+Bio 500 obtained a significantly higher protein content but a significantly lower amylose content compared with RF and NF treatments. Highest phytic acid content was recorded in NF treatment while the lowest was observed in HRF+500 treatment. The highest values in both electron donating ability and reducing power were obtained in HRF+Bio 500 treatment. All treatments obtained higher reducing power than that of the RF treatment and that NF treatment showed comparable values in both electron donating ability and reducing power with those of the treated plots. Highest antimutagenicity property was also observed in HRF+Bio 500 treatment followed by Bio 500 treatment. This study showed the possibility of using biofertilizer to enhance nutritional quality and antioxidant property of rice.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.257-264
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• 2011

Recycling of industrial products as the stabilizers can be proper handling of industrial products and has positive side in terms of recycling of wastes. In this study, the final aims were to evaluate the usability as stabilizer of Bio-solids which was generated from contaminated soil with heavy metals after primary process and to compare the treatment efficiency with slag being currently applied in many existing sites. Soluble and exchangeable forms have closely related to pollution of groundwater and plant growth and they can be used to determine the effect of the stabilization efficiency. Slag and Bio-solids were tested to investigate the capacity of stabilizing arsenic. Slag treatment process 4 (PS-ball 5%) showed higher leachate concentration rather to 0.84% compared to treatment 1 (blank) based on an average of 0.63%. The other hand treatment 4 (Bio-solids 5%) showed the lowest soluble and exchangeable forms to 0.57% when Bio-solids was applied to stabilize arsenic. Thus, the leaching of arsenic will be more reduced if the Bio-solids are used as stabilizer in stead of slag which is being currently used in many fields.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.398-402
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• 2005

The enzyme Xeronine was investigated as a microbial activating substance in biological wastewater treatment processes. Xeronine as bio-stimulant was injected in the anaerobic sludge and the activated sludge treating wastewater in order to examine the effect of hidden benefits. Bio-stimulant did not show significant improvement of anaerobic treatablity. In the aerobic system, higher bio-stimulant dose condition resulted in slightly more removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. Floc aggregation and zone settling velocity as solid-liquid separation factors in activated sludge systems was enhanced by bio-stimulant. Effects of bio-stimulants injection on improvement of water quality and microbial activity did not clear in terms of normal operation conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 2001.04b
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• pp.51-56
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• 2001

This study was carried out to research the effect of nutrient composition and GA4＋7 on growth, flower quality and bulb development in special hydroponics of cut tulip. Flowering of 'Cassini' was markedly accelerated by standard+GA4＋7, K200＋GA4＋7, N250＋GA4＋7 treatment, last internode was increased by N250 as compared with other treatment. For 'Christmas Marvel', flowering was promoted by K250＋GA4＋7, last infernode and total length were also increased with K250＋GA4＋7 as compared to other treatment. For 'Golden Apeldoorn', flowering was accelerated by K200＋GA4＋7, last internode was increased with N300＋GA4＋7 treatment and total length was increased in N250＋GA4＋7 treatment as compared with the standard plants. Bulb weight and number of 'Cassini', 'Christmas Marvel'and 'Golden Apeldoorn' were decreased by GA4＋7 as compared to non-treatment, and bulb diameter was not affected by GA4＋7.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.327-334
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• 2015

Objectives: In order to review both the effects of sewage sludge dewaterability and deodorizing ability in the existing advanced sewage treatment process, BIO-CLOD (a solidified mixture of 10% Bacillus concentrate and inorganics) was used as an inorganic conditioner effective for deodorization treatment in addition to the removal of organic matter and nutritive salts. Methods: Sludge dewaterability was evaluated using specific resistance to filtration (SRF) experiments with six agitators and two types of commercially available BIO-CLOD; one that is made by grinding solid matter (powdered BIO-CLOD) and one that has been obtained by sieving a separation with a particle diameter of 100 mesh (100 mesh BIO-CLOD). For deodorization odor treatment experiments, 20 g of commercially available solid BIO-CLOD was submerged in four liters of sewage sludge and mixed and agitated for 45 days. Results: When BIO-CLOD was injected into sewage sludge to experimentally compare specific resistance to filtration (SRF), the optimum amount of BIO-CLOD to be injected was shown to be 2% w/v and the SRF value in this case was $1.35{\times}10^{12}m/kg$. pH changes following BIO-CLOD injection were within 6.5-7.0. By 14 days after submerging BIO-CLOD into the sewage sludge to evaluate its deodorizing ability, $H_2S$ decreased by 68% and methyl mercaptan decreased by 74%. By 45 days after the submergal, both items decreased by 100%, indicating deodorizing ability. Conclusion: To compare the levels of dewaterablity of sewage sludge at different particle sizes of inorganic conditioner, powdered BIO-CLOD, particle size 100 mesh BIO-CLOD, and bentonite were tested. It could be seen that as the powdered BIO-CLOD increased, the precipitability increased up to 62% in 30 minutes. As an inorganic conditioner, BIO-CLOD was identified as a stable sludge conditioner that does not affect pH.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.359-370
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• 2015

This study developed an up-flow wetland providing either an eco-friendly follow-up process of medium-sized public treatment facility for livestock manure or a non-point source pollution controller near livestock farms. The four bench-scale up-flow wetlands were operated with four different bed media sets. The removal efficiencies of the wetland effluent for CODCr, TN, TP, SS were 35.2 %, 29.5 %, 31.2 % and 52.2 % for set 1(Blank, without reed, with bio-ceramic), 40.6 %, 43.4 %, 42.2 % and 55.4 % for set 2(with bio-reed & without bio-ceramic), 45.2 %, 48.7 %, 46.6 % and 66.3 % for set 3(with bio-reed & bio-ceramic), 32.9 %, 27.3 %, 29.3 % and 54.1 % for Set 4(with reed & bio ceramic), respectively. The set 3 condition having a mixture of bio-reed and bio-ceramic showed the highest efficiency in the bench-scale evaluation. This study suggests a mixture of bio-reed and bio-ceramic as suitable bed media in the construction of artificial wetlands near livestock farms. Soils including the bed media were monitored during the evaluation for trace elements. Soil analysis results were satisfied with the Korean Soil Contamination Standard. This study showed that the up-flow constructed wetland was feasible to treat the effluent livestock wastewater treatment facility.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.199-203
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• 2008

The effects of surface treatment by $O_2$ plasma on the Bio-FETs were investigated by using the pseudo-MOSFETs on the SOI substrates. After a surface treatment by $O_2$ plasma with different RF powers, the current-voltage and field effect mobility of pseudo-MOSFETs were measured by applying back gate bias. The subthreshold characteristics of pseudo-MOSFETs were significantly degraded with increase of RF power. Additionally, a forming gas anneal process in 2 % diluted $H_2/N_2$ ambient was developed to recover the plasma process induced surface damages. A considerable improvement of the subthreshold characteristics was achieved by the forming gas anneal. Therefore, it is concluded that the pseudo-MOSFETs are a powerful tool for monitoring the surface treatment of Bio-FETs and the forming gas anneal process is effective for improving the electrical characteristics of Bio-FETs.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.282-286
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• 2006

The effect of biofertilizer (compound of microbial inoculants or groups of micro-organisms) on growth and yield of rice was investigated. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications and 7 treatments namely: $RF=N-P_2O_{5-}K_2O$ (11-5.5-4.8 kg $10a^{-1}$); half of the recommended fertilizer rate, $HRF=N-P_2O_5-K_2O$ (5.5-2.75-2.4 kg $10a^{-1}$); HRF+Bio 250=HRF combined with 250 kg biofertilizer $10a^{-1}$; HRF+Bio 500=HRF combined with 500 kg biofertilizer $10a^{-1}$; Bio 250=250 kg biofertilizer $10a^{-1}$; Bio 500=500 kg biofertilizer $10a^{-1}$; and NF = No Fertilizer. Results showed that the recorded values of plant height, tiller number and chlorophyll content at 40 to 60 days after transplanting (DAT) in HRF+Bio 500 were significantly higher than those recorded in the RF treatment. Similar observations between these two treatments were only recorded from 60 DAT onwards. Yield components were also superior in HRF+Bio 500 treatment and comparable to that of RF. The highest grain yield obtained in HRF+Bio 500 treatment (785.8 kg $10a^{-1}$) was statistically similar to that of RF (739.8 kg $10a^{-1}$) but significantly higher than that of NF (506.7 kg $10a^{-1}$). Finally, head grain recovery (90.9) was low while chalkiness (0.03) was high at HRF+Bio 500 treatment as compared with RF, which were (96.1) and (0.3), respectively. Results showed that combined treatment of HRF and 500 kg biofertilizer $10a^{-1}$ has similar effects on the growth and yield of rice with that of RF.