• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.183-191
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• 2023

This study was conducted experimentally to investigate the surface temperature of the heat sink, the air temperature in the flow channel and the sample temperature by changing the channel number of channel type heat sink and the air flow rate when heating and cooling the bio sample. The target temperature of the sample was 15℃ or less as the minimum value and 82℃ or more as the maximum value. In this study, the channel number of the heat sink(N = 1, 2, 4, 5, 10) and the air flow rate(Q=25, 42, 54m³/min) were varied. The bio sample was replaced with water, and the volume of water is 4mL. The size of the heat sink is 80x73x150mm and the material is aluminum. When cooling the sample, the surface temperature, the air temperature and the sample temperature were highly dependent on the number of channels and the flow rate. However, when the sample is heated, the surface temperature, air temperature and sample temperature do not depend on the number of channels and the flow rate. It was found that the conditions for satisfying the minimum temperature of 15℃ or less when cooling the sample were the number of channels N≥5 and the flow rate Q≥42m³/min. When heating the sample, the conditions to satisfy the maximum temperature of 82℃ or more are the number of channels N≤5 and the air flow rate Q≤42m³/min.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.472-477
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• 2011

The Forsythiae Fructus is an oriental medicine containing various lignans. In this study, the Forsythiae Fructus were extracted by hot water (Sample 1), hot water after bio-conversion using Lactobacillus strain (Sample 2-LP2, 2-LA, 2-LC, 2-LL, 2-BL and 2-LM) and 70% ethanol (Sample 3). Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were improved by bio-conversion process using Lactobacillus strain, compared to water extract. Especially, sample 2-LL and 2-LA which had shown the high total polyphenol and flavonoid content in antioxidant activity. Also, sample 2-LL and 2-LA showed higher melanin generation inhibitory activity as of 55%, 53% in maximum extract concentration of $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. In the anti-inflammation test of the Forsythiae Fructus extracts, nitric oxide (NO) synthesis was inhibited. Specially, both 70% Forsythiae Fructus ethanol extract and sample 2-BL which have shown the relatively higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and superoxide dismutase (SOD) like activities. In conclusion, the Forsythiae Fructus extracts with bio-conversion process has effect of skin whitening and anti-inflammation activity than other extracts. It could be used as a valuable materials for functional cosmetics.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2006

In this paper, we describe a bio-fluidic device for adaptive sample pretreatment, in order to optimize the conditions under which absorbance assays can be conducted. This device can be successfully applied to the measurement of Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentrations using adaptive dilution, with which the dilution ratio can be adjusted during the dilution. Although many attempts have been previously made to miniaturize complex biochemical analyses at the chip scale, very few sample pretreatment processes have actually been miniaturized or automated at this point. Due to the lack of currently available on-chip pretreatments, analytical instruments tend to suffer from a limited range of analysis. This occasionally hinders the direct and quantitative analysis of specific analyses obtained from real samples. In order to overcome these issues, we exploit two novel strategies: dilution with a programmable ratio, and to-and-fro mixing. The bio-fluidic device consists of a rectangular chamber constructed of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). This chamber has four openings, an inlet, an outlet, an air control, and an air vent. Each of the dilution cycles is comprised of four steps: detection, liquid drain, buffer injection, and to-and-fro mixing. When using adaptive sample pretreatment, the range in which E. coli concentrations can be measured is broadened, to an optical density (O.D.) range of $0.3{\sim}30$. This device may prove useful in the on-line monitoring of cell concentrations, in both fermenter and aqueous environments.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.203-207
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• 2015

Sample preparation is very important for crystal structure analysis of novel nanostructured materials in electron microscopy. Generally, a grid dispersion method has been used as transmission electron microscope (TEM) sampling method of nano-powder samples. However, it is difficult to obtain the cross-sectional information for the tabular-structured materials. In order to solve this problem, we have attempted a new sample preparation method using focused ion beam. Base on this approach, it was possible to successfully obtain the electron diffraction patterns and high-resolution TEM images of the cross-section of tabular structure. Finally, we were able to obtain three-dimensional crystallographic information of novel zeolite nano-crystal of the tabular morphology by applying the new sample preparation technique.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.148-156
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• 2015

시료의 입경 및 투입량 차이에 따른 바이오오일의 특성변화를 알아보기 위하여 0.5~2.0 mm 크기의 굴참나무(Quercus variabilis) 시료 300~900 g을 $465^{\circ}C$에서 1.6초 동안 급속열 분해하여 바이오오일을 제조하였다. 입경 및 투입량 차이에 따른 열분해 생성물의 수율변화에는 눈에 띠는 경향은 없었지만, 바이오오일 수율이 가장 많아 약 60.3~62.1%를 차지하였고, 미응축가스, 바이오차 순이었다. 바이오오일을 냉각관으로 응축하여 얻은 1차 바이오오일과 전기집진장치로 얻은 2차 바이오오일로 구분하여 수율을 측정한 결과, 1차 바이오오일의 수율이 2차 바이오오일 수율의 약 2배 이상을 나타내었다. 그러나 발열량은 2차 바이오오일이 1차 바이오오일 보다 약 2배 이상 높았으며, 최대 5,602 kcal/kg을 나타내었다. 1차 바이오오일의 수분함량이 20%이상으로 2차 바이오오일의 수분함량 10% 이하였다. 또한 2차 바이오오일의 원소분석 결과, 1차 바이오오일보다 탄소함량이 높고, 산소함량이 낮았기 때문에 수분함량과 원소조성 특성도 발열량에 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다. 바이오오일의 저장온도가 높을수록 또는 저장기간이 길수록 점도가 증가하며, 2차 바이오오일의 점도 증가 정도가 1차 바이오오일보다 컸는데, 저장기간 중에 바이오오일 성분 간의 화학적 결합에 의한 바이오오일의 고분자화가 진행되는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국미생물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물생명공학회 2004년도 Annual Meeting BioExibition International Symposium
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• pp.194-194
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• 2004

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2014

We present a new next-generation sequencing-based method to identify somatic mutations of lung cancer. It is a comprehensive mutation profiling protocol to detect somatic mutations in 30 genes found frequently in lung adenocarcinoma. The total length of the target regions is 107 kb, and a capture assay was designed to cover 99% of it. This method exhibited about 97% mean coverage at $30{\times}$ sequencing depth and 42% average specificity when sequencing of more than 3.25 Gb was carried out for the normal sample. We discovered 513 variations from targeted exome sequencing of lung cancer cells, which is 3.9-fold higher than in the normal sample. The variations in cancer cells included previously reported somatic mutations in the COSMIC database, such as variations in TP53, KRAS, and STK11 of sample H-23 and in EGFR of sample H-1650, especially with more than $1,000{\times}$ coverage. Among the somatic mutations, up to 91% of single nucleotide polymorphisms from the two cancer samples were validated by DNA microarray-based genotyping. Our results demonstrated the feasibility of high-throughput mutation profiling with lung adenocarcinoma samples, and the profiling method can be used as a robust and effective protocol for somatic variant screening.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.427-434
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• 2009

퉁퉁마디를 기능성 식품소재로 이용하기 위한 자료로 전남지역(해남 황산면, 신안 증도면, 영광 염산면)의 퉁퉁마디를 6월부터 10월까지 채취하여 구성아미노산, 유리아미노산, 폴리페놀함량, 전자공여능, SOD 유사활성을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 3지역 퉁퉁마디의 구성아미노산은 6월부터 9월까지는 Glutamic acid, Aspartic acid, Leucine 순으로, 10월에는 Glutamic acid, Aspartic acid, Arginine 순으로 많은 함량을 나타났다. 구성아미노산 총함량은 해남지역의 경우, $3,338.75{\sim}4,491.63\;mg$/100 g를, 신안지역의 경우, $3,086.48{\sim}3,782.89\;mg$/100 g를, 영광지역의 경우, $3,134.3{\sim}4,364.17\;mg$/100 g를 함유하였다. 유리아미노산 함량은 전체적으로 6월부터 9월까지 Proline이 가장 많았으며, 초기성숙 6월에 높았다가 성숙하면서 감소하는 경향을 보였는데, 유리아미노산 총함량은 해남지역의 경우, $472.75{\sim}1,080.98\;mg$/100 g를, 신안지역의 경우, $440.46{\sim}621.77\;mg$/100 g를, 영광지역의 경우, $387.64{\sim}669.28\;mg$/100 g를 함유하였다. 폴리페놀함량을 분석 결과, 8월까지 함량이 높았다가 퉁퉁마디가 붉어지는 10월에 가장 낮아졌으며 영광지역이 대체로 높았으며 해남지역은 $11.1{\sim}15.61\;mg/g$, 신안지역은 $12.71{\sim}21.03\;mg/g$, 영광지역은 $13.13{\sim}22.28\;mg/g$을 나타냈다. 전자공여능 분석한 결과, 신안지역이 좀더 높았고 전반적으로 8월이후 높게 나오는 경향을 보였는데 해남지역은 $53.8{\sim}70.9%$, 신안지역은 $62.7{\sim}88.8%$, 영광지역은 $63.0{\sim}72.7%$ 범위를 나타내었다. 퉁퉁마디 추출물의 SOD 유사활성은 해남지역 $28.7{\sim}41.0%$, 신안지역 $28.5{\sim}36.5%$, 영광지역 $23.5{\sim}39.6%$로 모두 7월에 가장 낮았고 10월에 가장 높은 활성을 보였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.2293-2298
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• 2010

Focused electrospray (FES) deposition method is presented for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. FES ion optics consists of two cylindrical focusing electrodes capped with a truncated conical electrode through which an electrospray emitter passes along the cylindrical axis. A spray of charged droplets is focused onto a sample well on a MALDI target plate under atmospheric pressure. The shape and size distributions of matrix crystals are visualized by scanning electron microscope and the mass spectra are obtained by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Angiotensin II, bradykinin, and substance P are used as test samples, while $\alpha$-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid and dihydroxybenzoic acid are employed as matrices. FES of a sample/matrix mixture produces fine crystal grains on a 1-3 mm spot and reproducibly yields the mass spectra with little shot-to-shot and spot-to-spot variations. Although FES greatly stabilizes the signals, the space charge due to matrix ions limits the detection sensitivity of peptides. To avoid the space charge problem, we adopted a dual FES/FES mode, which separately deposits matrix and sample by FES in sequence. The dual FES/FES mode reaches the detection sensitivity of 0.88 amol, enabling ultrasensitive of peptides by homogeneously depositing matrix and sample under atmospheric pressure.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.463-467
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• 2007

[ $Al_2O_3$ ]기판을 산소 plasma 또는 수소 plasma로 표면 처리한 후 그 위에 plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy 방법으로 성장된 ZnO 박막의 구조적 특성과 광학적 발광 특성을 체계적으로 조사하였다. 제작된 ZnO 박막은 high resolution X-ray diffraction 측정과 atomic force microscope를 사용하여 구조적 특성과 표면 특성을 관찰하였으며, photoluminescence (PL) 측정을 통하여 엑시톤과 관련된 광학적 전이특성을 온도에 따라 조사하였다. free exciton, bound exciton, 그리고 이들의 phonon replica들의 특성을 온도에 따라 분석하였으며, 산소 plasma로 표면 처리한 시료의 PL 세기가 수소 plasma 표면 처리한 시료의 PL 세기보다 상당히 커짐을 관찰하였다. 산소 plasma로 처리된 기판 위에 성장된 ZnO 시료가 수소 plasma로 처리된 경우보다 우수한 구조적 특성과 광학적 특성을 보였는데, 이는 산소 plasma로 표면 처리함으로써 산소 공공(oxygen vacancy)과 같은 결함 구조가 적게 생성되고 좋은 격자 상수 일치를 보여주므로 구조적 특징과 발광 특징이 향상되는 것으로 해석되었다.