• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.252-258
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• 1984

Physicochemical properties of arrowroot starch, which was adjusted to 18, 21, and 24% moisture and heated at $100^{\circ}C$ for 16hr, were investigated. X-ray diffraction pattern was changed from C- to A-pattern upon treatment(24% moisture). The swelling powere and solubility decreased by heat-moisture treatment. The treated sample was gelatinized at higher temperature than untreated one. Water-binding capacity was drastically increased as the moisture level was decreased. Amylograph hot paste viscosities were decreased upon treatment.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 2007

This research analyzed the iron status, clinical symptoms and physical characteristics between normal and anemic group of middle school girls in the Ulsan metropolitan area. It was carried out with 237 subjects (normal 190, anemic subject 47). They were evaluated with a questionnaire and measurement of hematological indices. BMI $(kg/m^2)$ of the two groups were $19.54{\pm}2.44$ (normal girls) and $19.22{\pm}2.27$ (anemic girls). The hemoglobin concentration of the anemic girls were $10.84{\pm}1.17g/dl$ and the serum iron of the anemic girls represent $35.15{\pm}27.47{\mu}g/100ml$. The TIBC (Total Iron Binding Capacity) of the anemic girls showed significantly high to $449.30{\pm}64.87{\mu}g/100ml$. The serum ferritin of the anemic girls was $20.53{\pm}42.29{\mu}g\ell$, it represented significantly low. The symptom of 'pale face' of the anemic girls were higher than the normal girls. Hemoglobin and serum iron were negatively correlated with 'pale face'. The TIBC was negatively correlated with 'Get a cold easily'. The duration and amount of menstruation were correlated with iron status. This research is to be utilized as basic data for dietary support and nutritional education to improve their iron status.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.222-230
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• 2011

This study was undertaken to investigate iron status and related factors in female college students residing in Gyeongnam. The subjects were divided into normal (40.8%) and iron deficiency (ID) groups (59.2%) by iron status. Mean height, weight, lean body mass, percent body fat, body mass index, and wrist to hip ratio were not significantly different between the groups, but basic metabolic rate was significantly higher in the normal group than that in the ID group. The levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were significantly higher in the normal group than those in the ID group. However, total iron binding capacity was significantly lower in the normal group than that in the ID group. Daily intake of protein, heme-Fe, niacin, and vitamin C were significantly higher in the normal group than those in the ID group. The mean intake of protein, Fe, niacin, vitamin $B_{12}$, and vitamin C based on the Korean recommended intake (RI) were significantly higher in the normal group than those in the ID group. The mean intakes of Ca, vitamin $B_{12}$, and folate in both groups were < 75% of the Korean RI. In conclusion, increasing dietary heme-Fe and vitamin C may be helpful for preventing ID anemia in female college students.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.53-66
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• 2016

Currently, most of the investigations on chloride diffusion were based on the experiments and simulations concerning single cation type chlorides. Chloride diffusion associated with dual or multi cation types was rarely studied. In this paper, several groups of diffusion experiments are conducted using chloride solutions containing single, dual and multi cation types. A multi-ionic model is also proposed to simulate the chloride diffusion behavior in the experimental tests. The MATLAB software is used to numerically solve the nonlinear PDEs in the multi-ionic model. The experimental and simulated results show that the chloride diffusion behavior associated with different cation types is significantly different. When the single cation type chlorides are adopted, it is found that the bound rates of chloride ions combined with divalent cations are greater than those combined with monovalent cations. When the dual/multi cation type chlorides are adopted, the chloride bound rates increase with the $Ca^{2+}/Mg^{2+}$ percentage in the source solutions. This evidence indicates that the divalent cations would markedly enhance the chloride binding capacity and reduce the chloride diffusivity. Moreover, on the basis of the analysis, it is also found that the complicated cation types in source solutions are beneficial to reducing the chloride diffusivity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.692-702
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• 1993

To evaluate iron nutritional status and to compare biochemical indices used for evaluation of iron nutriture, fasting blood sample was taken from 96 Korean female college student and hemoglobin(Hb) concentration, hematocrit(Hct), serum iron, total iron binding capacity(TIBC) and serum ferritin concentration were measured and transferrin(TF) saturation was calculated. Prevalence of iron deficiency varied from 4.2% when judged from Hb concentration and Hct to 38.5% and 40.6% when TIBC and serum ferritin concentration were used. TIBC was negatively correlated with serum ferritin(r=0.4561, p<0.001), while other indices showed positive but less significant correlations(p<0.05). Regarding iron status judged by serum ferritin was regarded as true iron status, the present cutoff points of Hb, Hct, serum iron, TF saturation were very insensitive in identifying the subjects with iron deficiency. Only TIBC was suitable for detecting iron deficiency in the study subjects. It is concluded from the study results that iron deficiency in young Korean adult women would be significantly underestimated with presently used biochemical measurements except TIBC and new cutoff points of these indices were proposed based on sensitivity, specificity measured prevalence, and positive and negative predictive values.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to examine nutritional status of iron in 27 rural elderly subjects. The daily intake, urinary excretion and serum level of iron were determined by 24-hr food collection method, and 24-hr urine and serum collection for 3 days. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The mean age, height, weight, and blood pressure were 67.7 years, 163.2cm, 55.9kg, and 121.1/80. 0mmHg in men and 69.9 years, 146.5cm, 47.6kg, and 108.9/71.1mmHg in women, respectively 2. The daily intake of energy, protein, vitamin A, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin B$_2$, niacin, vitamin C, and iron were lower than Korean recommended dietary allowances. 3. The daily iron intake was 7.82mg. The proportion of heme iron and nonheme iron to the total iron intake were 8.05% and 91.94%, respectively Major iron sources of the rural elderly were cooked rice, Ko Chu Jang, beef blood, anchovy, soybean paste, and leafy radish. 4. The hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum iron, and total iron binding capacity were 14.3g/㎗, 42.9%, 79.4 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎗, and 268.4 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎗ in men and 12.9g/㎗, 38.8%,92.4 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎗, and 277.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎗ in women, respectively. 5. There was a significant positive correlation between dietary intake and urinary excretion of iron.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 1993

Gelatinization properties of the air-dried sediment of cowpea were investigated. The water-binding capacity of cowpea flour was drastically increased over the temperature range of 52~55$^{\circ}C$. The percent transmittance of flour suspension was linearly increased at temperature between $65^{\circ}C$ to 75$^{\circ}C$. The gelatinization temperature determined by differential scanning calorimetry was 63.4~76.$0^{\circ}C$. Cowpea flour showed a single-stage of swelling and a low solubility pattern. The minimum moisture content required for the gelatinization was 37.0% . The amylograph peak viscosity was greatly influenced by concentration of the flour, but was not affected by heating temperatures (85~94$^{\circ}C$) at a given concentration. The 20 min height and cold viscosity at 3$0^{\circ}C$ at a fixed concentration was negatively correlated (p<0.05) with heating temperatures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.1151-1157
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the iron nutritional status and anemia of university female students. Seventy female subjects in Ulsan city were evaluated with questionnaire, measurement of hematological indices. The mean height and weight of 70 subjects were 160.76±0.48cm, 52.80±0.72kg and BMI(body mass index: kg/m2), %IBW(ideal body weight) were 21.0±0.29, 100.2±12.41. The mean values of hemoglobin(Hgb), hematocrit(Hct), serum iron(S Fe), serum ferritin(SF), TIBC(total iron binding capacity), transferrin saturation(TS(%)) and RBC were 12.7±11.10g/dl, 39.0± 2.61%, 96.9±41.98 g/dl, 28.9±24.78 g/dl, 369.6±54.36 g/dl, 27.1±12.40% and 4.4± 0.27(106/mm3), respectively. Iron deficiency anemia among the subjects was estimated as 15.7% by using Hgb(<12g/dl), 11.4% by Hct(<36%), 22.9% by S Fe(<60 g/dl), 34.3% by SF(<15 g/dl), 48.6% by TIBC(>360 g/dl) and 20.0% by TS(%)(<15%). 15 subjective symptoms were measured and the high prevalence symptoms were 'cold hands and feet' and 'tired out easily'. The correlation between hemotological indices and subjective symptoms was evaluated. The hemoglobin level was negatively correlated with 'cold hands and feet', 'short breath when climbing', 'fragile nail', 'inflammed inner mouth', 'pale face' and 'scaly tetter'.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.1158-1163
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• 1999

The purpose of this research is to measure nutrition counseling effects for improving iron status. The major components of the nutrition counseling were iron, MPF(Meat, Poultry, Fish) and vitamin C rich diet therapy, the provision of nutrient supplements and eatting attitude education. Fifteen female volun teers participated and the mean level for hemoglobin(Hgb), hematocrit(Hct), serum iron(S Fe), total iron binding capacity(TIBC), serum ferritin(SF) of subjects was 11.9±1.3g/dl, 37.0±2.7%, 57.7 ±33.9 g/dl, 409.1±56.2 g/dl, 8.6±3.5ng/ml, respectively. To evaluate the effect of iron status improvement by the nutrition couseling, 10 subjective symptoms, hematological indice and eating attitude were measured after implementation the nutrition counseling. Some subjective symptoms such as 'cold hands and foot', 'slow to recover', 'reduced concentrate', 'poor memory', 'inflammed inner mouth' were improved significantly. The hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean cell volume(MCV), mean cell hemoglobin(MCH) and mean cell hemo globin concentration(MCHC) were increased significantly. And eating attitude was improved significantly as well. It is suggested from the results that the nutrition counseling of this study can be effective to improve iron status.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.268-272
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• 2006

A dense, pellicular UpFront adsorbent ($p=1.5 g/cm^3$, UpFront Chromatography, Cophenhagen, Denmark) was characterized in terms of hydrodynamic properties and protein adsorption performance in expanded bed chromatography. Cibacron Blue 3GA was immobilised into the adsorbent and protein adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was selected to test the setup. The Bodenstein number and axial dispersion coefficient estimated for this dense pellicular adsorbent was 54 and $1.63{\times}10^{-5}m^2/s$, respectively, indicating a stable expanded bed. It could be shown that the BSA protein was captured by the adsorbent in the presence of 30% (w/v) of whole-yeast cells with an estimated dynamic binding capacity $(C/C_o = 0.01)$ of approximately 6.5 mg/mL adsorbent.