• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.302-305
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• 2019

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been considered for the fifth generation (5G) mobile networks to provide high system capacity and low latency. We calculate the channel capacity for the weak channel user in NOMA and the channel capacity region for NOMA. In this paper, Gaussian mixture channel is compared to the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Gaussian mixture channel is modeled when we assume the practical signal modulation for the inter user interference, such as the binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation. It is shown that the channel capacity with BPSK inter user interference is better than that with Gaussian inter user interference. We also show that the channel capacity region with BPSK inter user interference is larger than that with Gaussian inter user interference. As a result, NOMA could perform better in the practical environments.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2015

지금까지의 분리막 공정 모델링에 대한 연구는 주로 2성분계 원료의 분리공정에 집중되어 왔다. 실제 운전에 있어서는 2성분계 혼합물은 매우 드물며 다성분계 혼합물이 대부분이므로 막분리 공정의 설계를 위해서는 다성분계 막분리 공정에 대한 모델개발이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 중공사막을 이용하는 분리막 공정에서 다성분 혼합물 원료에 대한 분리공정 모델링을 수행하였다. 다양한 형태의 다성분 공정모델을 구현하였으며 실험결과를 이용하여 모델의 정확도 및 신뢰도를 조사하였다. 개발된 모델들은 원료 흐름의 유입조건과 다양한 운전조건에 대하여 안정적이고 실험 데이터에 근접한 모사결과를 보여 주었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.1337-1348
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• 1990

본 연구에서는 Peng-Robinson 상태 방정식을 기본으로 하여 먼저 단일 성분의 냉매에 대한 열역학적 물성치를 구한 뒤 그 정확도를 검증하고, 동일한 형태의 상태식 과 적절한 혼합 법칙을 통해 혼합냉매의 기액 평형 상태와 냉동 및 열펌프 사이클 해 석에 필요한 엔탈피와 엔트로피 등의 열역학적 물성치를 추산하고자 한다.단일 성 분의 냉매로서는 R13B1, R22, R12, R152a, R114를 택하였고, 혼합냉매로서는 앞의 단 일성분 냉매를 혼합한 것 중에서 그 기초적인 실험 자료가 아미 알려진 R13B1/R114, R22/R114, R12/R114 R152a/R114, R13B1/R152a 및 R13B1/R12를 택하였다. 이는 추후 상이한 냉매를 단일식으로 나타낼 수 있는 대응상태의 원리를 사용한 열물성 계산의 기반이 될 수 있을 것이다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.1515-1516
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• 2003

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.6-14
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• 2003

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the method decreasing debinding time as well as lowering operation condition than pure supercritical $CO_2$ debinding by using cosolvent or binary mixture of propane + $CO_2$. First method is to add cosolvent, such as n-hexane, DCM, methanol, 1-butanol, in supercritical $CO_2$. In case of adding cosolvent, we were found the addition of non-polar cosolvent (n-hexane) improves dramatically the binder removal rate (more than 2 times) compared with pure supercritical $CO_2$ debinding, second method is to use mixture of supercritical propane + $CO_2$, as solvent. In case of using mixture of supercritical propane + $CO_2$, the rate of debinding speeded up with increasing of pressure and concentration of propane at 348.15 K. It was found that addition of cosolvent (e.g., n-hexane, DCM) and binary mixture propane + $CO_2$ for supercritical solvent remarkably improved binder removal rate for the paraffin wax-based binder system, in comparison with using pure supercritical $CO_2$.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.82-87
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• 1986

옥수수전분과 분리대두단백 혹은 옥수수전분과 카제인으로 제조된 이상혼합물(二相混合物)의 수분흡수율 측정 분석 하였으며, 다중회귀분석법을 이용(利用) 혼합물(混合物)의 구성비와 수분활성도의 수치(數値)로부터 혼합물(混合物)의 수분함량을 예측가능케 하는 다중회귀방정식을 구하였다. 옥수수전분과 분리대두단백으로 구성된 13개의 실험구에서 수분함량 측정치(値)와 예측치(値)를 비교했을때 최대오차는 6.06%이었고, 오차의 절대치(値) 평균은 2.60%로 나타난다. 그리고 옥수수전분과 카제인으로 구성된 이상혼합물(二相混合物)은 최대오차 -4.39%, 오차의 절대치 평균은 단지 2.12%로 측정치(値)와 예측치(値) 거의 일치함을 보여 주었다. 또한 중량비(比) 50 : 50인 이상혼합물(二相混合物)의 수분흡습곡선을 비교 분석하였을 때도 측정한 흡습곡선과 예측한 흡습곡선 간(問)에는 거의 일치하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 동계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.165-169
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• 2008

Binary nanofluids(Binary mixture + nanoparticles) have been extensively paid attention for application in absorption system as a new working fluid. Thermal property evaluation of the new refrigerants is inevitable to apply them for actual system. The objectives of this paper are to measure the thermal conductivity of the binary nanofluids by the transient hot-wire method, and to assess the application possibility of the binary nanofluids for absorption system. It was found that the thermal conductivity of the binary nanofluids ($H_2O/LiBrAl_2O_3$) increased with increasing the concentration of the nanoparticles ($Al_2O_3$) and enhanced up to 27% at 0.1 vol % of the nanoparticles.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.718-724
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• 2006

The heterogeneous association behaviour of various concentration binary mixtures of mono alkyl ethers of ethylene glycol with ethyl alcohol were investigated by dielectric measurement in benzene solutions over the entire concentration range at 25 ${^{\circ}C}$. The values of static dielectric constant $\epsilon_0$ of the mixtures were measured at 1 MHz using a four terminal dielectric liquid test fixture and precision LCR meter. The high frequency limiting dielectric constant $\epsilon_\infty$ values were determined by measurement of refractive index $n_D$ ($\epsilon_\infty\;=\;n_D\;^2$). The measured values of $\epsilon_0$ and $\epsilon_\infty$ were used to evaluate the values of excess dielectric constant $\epsilon^E$, effective Kirkwood correlation factor $g^{eff}$ and corrective correlation factor $g_f$ of the binary polar mixtures to obtain qualitative and quantitative information about the H-bond complex formation. The non-linear behaviour of the observed $\epsilon_0$ values of the polar molecules and their mixtures in benzene solvent confirms the variation in the associated structures with change in polar mixture constituents concentration and also by dilution in non-polar solvents. Appearance of the maximum in $\epsilon^E$ values at different concentration of the polar mixtures suggest the formation of stable adduct complex, which depends on the molecular size of the mono alkyl ethers of ethylene glycol. Further, the observed $\epsilon^E$ < 0 also confirms the heterogeneous H-bond complex formation reduces the effective number of dipoles in these polar binary mixtures. In benzene solutions these polar molecules shows the maximum reduce in effective number of dipoles at 50 percent dilutions. But ethyl alcohol rich binary polar mixtures in benzene solvent show the maximum reduce in effective number of dipoles in benzene rich solutions.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.935-944
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• 2003

Forced convective boiling heat transfer coefficients were predicted for an annular flow inside a horizontal tube for pure refrigerants and nonazeotropic binary refrigerant mixtures. The heat transfer coefficients were calculated based on the turbulent temperature profile in liquid film and vapor core considering the composition difference in vapor and liquid phases, and the nonlinearity in mixing rules for the calculation of mixture properties. The heat transfer coefficients of pure refrigerants were estimated within a standard deviation of 14% compared with available experimental data. For nonazeotropic binary refrigerant mixtures, prediction of the heat transfer coefficients was made with a standard deviation of 18%. The heat transfer coefficients of refrigerant mixtures were lower than linearly interpolated values calculated from the heat transfer coefficients of pure refrigerants. This degradation was represented by several factors such as the difference between the liquid and the overall compositions, the conductivity ratio and the viscosity ratio of both components in refrigerant mixtures. The temperature change due to the concentration gradient was a major factor for the heat transfer degradation and the mass flux itself at the interface had a minor effect.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.795-800
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• 2010

Embedding a large vocabulary speech recognition system in mobile devices requires a reduced acoustic model obtained by eliminating redundant model parameters. In conventional optimization methods based on the minimum description length (MDL) criterion, a binary Gaussian tree is built at each state of a hidden Markov model by iteratively finding and merging similar mixture components. An optimal subset of the tree nodes is then selected to generate a downsized acoustic model. To obtain a better binary Gaussian tree by improving the process of finding the most similar Gaussian components, this paper proposes a new distance measure that exploits the difference in likelihood values for cases before and after two components are combined. The mixture weight of Gaussian components is also introduced in the component merging step. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms MDL-based optimization using either a Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence or weighted KL divergence measure. The proposed method could also reduce the acoustic model size by 50% with less than a 1.5% increase in error rate compared to a baseline system.