• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2006.11a
• /
• pp.556-559
• /
• 2006

벌크형태의 태양전지 기판을 대체할 목적으로 연성기판을 적응한 태양전지 개발이 활발하게 진행되고 있으며, 주재료는 플라스틱 기판, 금속기판 등이 있다 그러나 기존의 연성기판인 플라스틱의 경우 열과, 내구성, 화학약품에 약하다는 단점이 있으며, 금속기판은 높은 생산원가, 박막화의 어려움 등의 문제를 안고 있다 이러한 문제를 극복하기 위해 전주성형법으로 제조된 철-니켈계 연성기판을 개발하였다. 이 연성기판의 경우 고온의 공정조건에서도 열팽창율이 플라스틱 기판보다 낮으며, 기존의 금속기판 보다 저렴한 생산단가로 쉽게 극박화 할 수 있다는 것이다. 전주성형법을 적용하여 40Ni, 45Ni, 52Ni 연성기관을 제조하였으며, TMA 장비를 사용하여 각 연성기판의 열팽창 계수를 측정한 결과 6.36, 6.78, $10.93{\mu}m/m^{\circ}C$로 기존의 연성기판인 플라스틱, 금속에 비해 낮은 열팽창 계수를 가짐으로서 고온 공정 중에 안정성 요구를 충분히 충족시킬 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.341-344
• /
• 1999

We reported compositional separation(CS) into Co-enriched and Cri-enriched components inside the grains of Co-Cr based thin films prepared by rf sputtering. CS strongly depends on the sputtering conditions of substrate temperature and target composition. Tuning the microstructure of the Co-Cr films is important in order to employ the CS for high-density magnetic recording. We investigated the origin of CS from thermodynamic viewpoint. We employ a spinodal decomposition-like model to describe the origin of the CS in Co-Cr films. We consider the total free energy of the Co-Cr films as the sum of several free energies of; 1) thermodynamic mixing entropy of a binary solid solution, 2) magnetic ordering interaction(MOI) energy below the Curie temperature, and 3) excess interaction energy(XS) caused by the sputtering process as a function of temperature and composition. Those energies distorted the total free energy like the spinodal decomposition and caused the compositionally separated fine microstructure inside the grains. If the second derivative of the total free energy with respect to Cr composition becomes negative at a given substrate temperature, we may observe a metastable compositional separation inside the Co-Cr alloy films. We expect to exploit the microstructure of CS for ultra-high density magnetic recording.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.20 no.10
• /
• pp.3361-3370
• /
• 1996

Micro-Macro approach is conducted for the mixture solidification to handle the closely linked phenomena of microscopic solute redistribution and macroscopic solidification behavior. For this purpose, present work combines the efficiency of mixture theory for macro part and the capability of microscopic analysis of two-phase model for micro part. The micro part of present study is verified by comparison with experiment of Al-4.9 mass% Cu alloy. The effect of back diffusion on the macroscopic variables such as temperature and liquid concentration, is appreciable. The effect, however, is considerable on the mixture concentration and eutectic fraction which are indices of macro and micro segregation, respectively. According to the diffusion time, the behavior near the cooling wall where relatively rapid solidification permits short solutal diffusion time, approaches Scheil equation limit and inner part approaches lever rule limit.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.13-16
• /
• 2016

Morphology and formation processes of lamellar grain boundaries in titanium rich binary TiAl intermetallics were studied. TiAl alloys containing aluminum content of 44 to 48 at.% were induction-heated to 1723 K followed by helium-gas-quenching at various temperatures. For the Ti-44%Al, few lamellae were observed in samples quenched from higher than 1473 K. Although small peaks of beta phase were detected using X-ray diffraction, only the ordered hexagonal phase (${\alpha}_2$) with clear APB contrast was observed in TEM observation. For the Ti-48 at.%Al alloy, almost no lamellar structure, and straight grain boundaries were observed in samples quenched from higher than 1623 K. The formation of lamellae along grain boundaries was observed in the sample quenched from 1573 K. The fully lamellar microstructures with serrated boundaries were observed in samples quenched from lower than 1473 K. It was found that the formation of ${\gamma}$ platelets took place at higher temperatures in Ti-48 at.%Al than in Ti-44 at.%Al. Although the size of the serration is different, serrated lamellar grain boundaries could be obtained for all alloy compositions employed. The serration appeared to be due to the grain boundary migration induced by precipitation and growth of ${\gamma}$. Differences in transformation characteristics with aluminum content are discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 2006.05a
• /
• pp.329-330
• /
• 2006

The research and development of an actuator are accelerating in the robotics industry. The electricity polymer and SMA actuator are designed simply and are produced a lot of forces per unit volume. Their motions are similar to human's motion, But the repeatability of the electricity polymer actuator is lower. The reaction velocity of the SMA actuator is slow and the travel is short. In this paper, the dynamic characteristic of the segmented SMA is studied. The SMA wire is divided by using the Thermo-electric module(TEM) to control each of segments independently. The MOSFET circuit is used to supply constant currents fer the Thermo-electric module(TEM). The hysteresis and displacement of the SMA wire according to load are measured.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.233-238
• /
• 2010

Hot-dipped Al-Mg-Si coatings to alternate Zn and Zn alloy coatings for steel were examined on metallographic structure, corrosion resistance, sacrificial ability, formation and growth of inter-metallic compounds, and mechanical properties. Near the eutectic composition of quasi-binary system of Al-$Mg_2Si$, very fine eutectic structure of ${\alpha}$-Al and $Mg_2Si$ was obtained and it showed excellent corrosion resistivity and sacrificial ability for a steel in sodium chloride solutions. Formation and growth of Al-Fe inter-metallic compounds at the interface of substrate steel and coated layer was suppressed by addition of Si. The inter-metallic compounds layer was usually brittle, however, the coating layer did not peel off as long as the thickness of the inter-metallic compounds layer was small enough. During sacrificial protection of a steel, amount of hydrogen into the steel was more than ten times smaller than that of Zn coated steel, suggesting to prevent hydrogen embrittlement. Al-Mg-Si coating is expected to apply for several kinds of high strength steels.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.221-227
• /
• 2024

The damping capacities in the strain-amplitude dependent and strain-amplitude independent regions were comparatively investigated for pure Mg and Mg-X%Al solid solutions (X : 1, 2 at%) to clarify the role of Al solute in the damping properties of Mg-Al binary solid solution. In order to rule out the effect of grain size on damping capacity, grain sizes of the samples were adjusted to an almost similar level by changing the heat-treatment or solution treatment times at 683 K (12 h, 24 h and 32 h for pure Mg, Mg-1%Al and Mg-2%Al alloys, respectively). The damping capacities of the heat-treated pure Mg and Mg-X%Al solid solutions exhibited a decreasing tendency with an increase in Al concentration both in the strain-amplitude dependent and strain-amplitude independent regions. The observed damping trends depending on strain-amplitude were analyzed and discussed in association with decreasing length between weak pinning points (Al solutes) in Granato-Lücke model.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.300-306
• /
• 2018

In the present study we proposed new equations to predict the liquidus temperature curve for hypoeutectic Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy. A thermodynamic simulation was carried out to calculate the liquidus temperature, eutectic temperature and eutectic Si concentration with different Si, Cu, and Mg contents in hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys. Regressed equations were derived using the thermodynamic simulation results by multiple regression analysis. The proposed equations were compared with the equations reported previously by other researchers and agreed better with the experimental data. The addition of Cu and Mg lowered the eutectic temperature. The eutectic Si concentration was decreased by adding Cu whereas that was increased by adding Mg. Al-Si binary phase diagram was successfully predicted with a consideration of the effect of Cu and Mg addition by using the proposed equations.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.57-62
• /
• 2008

Electrochemical properties of Ti-30Ta-$(3{\sim}15)$Nb alloys coated by HA/Ti compound layer have been studied by various electrochemical method. Ti-30Ta binary alloys contained 3, 7, 10, and 15 wt% Nb contents were manufactured by the vacuum furnace system. The specimens were homogenized for 24 hrs at $1000^{\circ}C$. The samples were cut and polished for corrosion test and coating. It was coated with HA/Ti compound layer by magnetron sputter. The HA/Ti non-coated and coated morphology of Ti alloy were analyzed by x-ray diffractometer(XRD) and filed emission scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM). The corrosion behaviors were investigated using potentiodynamic method in 0.9% NaCl solution at $36.5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. The homoginazed Ti-30Ta-$(3{\sim}15wt%$)Nb alloys showed the ${\alpha}+{\beta}$ phase, and ${\beta}$ phase peak was predominantly appeared with increasing Nb content. The microstructure of Ti alloy was transformed from needle-like structure to equiaxed structure as Nb content increased. HA/Ti composite surface showed uniform coating layer with 750 nm thickness. The corrosion resistance of HA/Ti composite coated Ti-alloys were higher than those of the non-coated samples in 0.9% NaCl solution at $36.5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. Especially, corrosion resistance of Ti-Ta-Nb system increased as Nb content increased.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.22 no.11
• /
• pp.615-619
• /
• 2012

Recently, ultrafine grained (ufg, typically 100 > d > 500 nm) Ti-Fe eutectic materials have been highlighted due to their extraordinarily high strength and good abrasion resistance compared to conventional coarse grained (cg, d > $1{\mu}m$) materials. However, these materials exhibit limited plastic strain and toughness during room temperature deformation due to highly localized shear strain. Several approaches have been extensively studied to overcome such drawbacks, such as the addition of minor elements (Sn, Nb, Co, etc.). In this paper, we have investigated the influence of the addition of Gd and Y contents (0.3-1.0 at.%) into the binary Ti-Fe eutectic alloy. Gd and Y are chosen due to their immiscibility with Ti. Microstructural investigation reveals that the Gd phase forms in the eutectic matrix and the Gd phase size increases with increasing Gd content. The improvement of the mechanical properties is possibly correlated to the precipitation hardening. On the other hand, in the case of Ti-Fe-Y alloys, with increasing Y contents, primary phases form and lamellar spacing increases compared to the case of the eutectic alloy. Investigation of the mechanical properties reveals that the plasticity of the Ti-Fe-Y alloys is gradually improved, without a reduction of strength. These results suggest that the enhancement of the mechanical properties is closely related to the formation of the primary phase.