• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.303-310
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• 2014

In this study, the average in-situ stress in metallic thin film was measured during deposition of the Cu thin films on the Si(111) wafer and then the phenomenon of stress shift by the interruption of deposition was measured using Cu thin films. We have observed the stress shift in accordance with changing amount of atom's movement between the surface and grain boundary through altering the grain size of the Cu thin film with variety of parameters. The grain size is known to be affected on the deposition rate, film thickness and deposition temperature. As a experimental results, the these parameters was not adequate to explain stress shift because these parameters affect directly on the amount of atom's movement between the surface and grain boundary as well as the grain size. Thus, we have observed the stress shift toward tensile side in accordance with the grain size changing through the interlayer deposition. From an experiment with inserting interlayer before deposit Cu, in thin film which has big grain size with high roughness, amount of stress movement is higher along direction of tensile stress after deposition that means, after deposition process, driving force of atoms moving in grain boundary and on the surface of the film is relatively higher than before.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.221-226
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to find out the most optimal bulbil size and planting densities of garlic bulbils to germination for production of leaf garlic. In the first this experiment, the bulbils classified by the size of bulbil to Big (>0.2) and Small (${\leq}0.2$), were planted at $13,680bulbils/m^2$ and $18,240bulbils/m^2$ (Big), $18,240bulbils/m^2$ and $22,800bulbils/m^2$ (Small), respectively. The germination rate, plant height and total yield were measured. In the second experiment, length, width, fresh weight and dry weight of 200 garlic bulbils were measured to analyze the correlation of days to first germination, T50 and germination rate. In the first experiment, the germination rate showed the highest at Big bulbils. The density of $18,240bulbils/m^2$ was the most suitable for cultivation because of the highest germination rate. In the case of yield, it was found that both of the fresh weight and the dry weight of Big bulbil was 2.8 times heavier than Small bulbil. Therefore, Big bulbil with the density of $18,240bulbils/m^2$ was the most suitable for cultivation because of the highest yield. The correlation between each factor of morphological characteristics had a positive correlation between fresh weight, dry weight and width. Also, the germination rate had a positive correlation with fresh weight and width. And, days to first germination and T50 had a negative correlation with fresh weight and width. In conclusion, the optimal planting density is $18,240bulbils/m^2$ and the optimal size of bulbil was 0.2g or more. However, thicker and heavier bulbils could lead to higher and faster germination.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.2B
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• pp.168-175
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• 2011

In modem society, human relationships has been received much attention as important element to judge the success as well as the social life of the individual. To respond to these changing times has been used various ways to maintain an appropriate relationship that each other's character can be predicted. In this paper, we should be carried out a study on correlation analysis and features of five-character types to extract shape of philtrum, mouth, ears in facial image of Men in the 20's for Interview system application. From this, we extracted to area of philtrum, mouth, ears by Visual C++ to face and side image. Then we performed analysis, comparison a group of S-character types to find a result according to philtrum rate, mouth size, shape of ears. As a result, we drew a significance through morphological results by philtrum rate, mouth size, shape of ears as five-character types.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.205-223
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• 2011

This study examines diagrams of space organization and classroom activity zoning through Korean Childcare Accreditation Criteria, and compares space diagrams with childcare facilities in Daejeon, and looks at similarities and differences between them. Space diagram from accreditation criteria show the classroom, adjoining toilets, napping areas, and community areas for playing, reading, cooking, teaching and holding materials. Classroom zone diagrams show 8 activity zones for entering, washing and toilet, making art, playing, reading, studying science, resting, playing role and wooden block. Six case studies in Daejeon, Korea were surveyed and classified into big, medium and small size facilities by the number of children. The space organization of case studies are similar to the diagrams, except that outdoor playground and indoor playrooms were not large enough at the small and medium size facilities. Classroom activity zoning was very similar to the conceptions, excluding the playarea from classroom, integrating the rest areas for reading, subdividing art into music and art, science, and into math and science, roleplay into roleplay and wooden block. In conclusion childcare centers in Daejeon are designed to the concept diagram of the accreditation criteria, with some flexibility, exclusion, integration, and subdivision of space and activity zones. It has been requested as to make each criteria fit to the facility sizes-big, medium and small.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

Nowadays, a satellite image is widely utilized in identifying and predicting urban spatial growth. It provides essential informations on horizontal expansion of urbanized areas. However, its usefulness becomes very limited in analyzing density of urban development. On the contrary, zonal data, typically census data, provides various density information such as population, number of houses, floor information within a given zone. The problem of the zonal data in analyzing urban growth is that the size of the zone is too big. The minimum administration unit, Dong, is too big to match the satellite images. This study tries to derive synergy effects by matching the merits of the two information sources-- image data and zonal data. For this purpose, basic statistical unit (census block size) is utilized as a zonal unit. By comparing the image and zonal data of 1985 and 2000 of Daegu metropolitan area, this study concludes that urban growth pattern is better explained when the two types of data are properly used.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.107-123
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• 2008

The purpose of this research is to compare and analyze the brassiere patterns sold in Shanghai and Korea and to present basic materials needed in developing the brassiere patterns in Chinese adult women market. The study subject which is to find the difference in brassiere patterns of Korea and China has been selected of 3 Korean brands and 4 Chinese brands. 1. For the brassiere patterns sold in Korea, it were using the same size for the width of Hook&Eye, space between the shoulder lace on the back, slope of wing and the location of the Keeper was similar. 2. For the cup supporting base, Chinese brassiere covers the lower part of the breast and as it is not comfortable and has a phenomenon of loosening up, there were severe puckering. For issues in the wearing experiment, amendments in patterns with the cup part was required. 3. Chinese brassieres were big differences in wing angles and for Aimer, it had the steepest trend in wings and thus the wings headed down and for Gujin, as the angle of the wing was smaller than $90^{\circ}$, it was heading upward. 4. Upon comparing the patterns of the Korean and Chinese brassiere, although most of the sizes excluding the wing angle had similar sizes, there was big differences in the wing angle. The reason why the brassiere patterns sold in China had bigger wing angle was due to the fact that more Chinese women had sway back body type than the Korean women and should reflect such difference in body size into making the brassiere patterns for each women.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.438-452
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• 2022

For cuboid and ellipsoid crystallites of LiFePO₄ powders, by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microscopic (TEM) studies, it is possible to determine the anisotropic parameters of the crystallite size distribution functions. These parameters were used to describe the cathode rate capability within the model of averaging the diffusion coefficient D over the length of the crystallite columns along the [010] direction. A LiFePO₄ powder was chosen for testing the developed model, consisting of big cuboid and small ellipsoid crystallites (close to them). When analyzing the parts of big and small rate capabilities, the fitting values D = 2.1 and 0.3 nm²/s were obtained for cuboids and ellipsoids, respectively. When analyzing the results of cyclic voltammetry using the Randles-Sevcik equation and the total area of projections of electrode crystallites on their (010) plane, slightly different values were obtained, D = 0.9 ± 0.15 and 0.5 ± 0.15 nm²/s, respectively. We believe that these inconsistencies can be considered quite acceptable, since both methods of determining D have obvious sources of error. However, the developed method has a clearly lower systematic error due to the ability to actually take into account the shape and statistics of crystallites, and it is also useful for improving the accuracy of the Randles-Sevcik equation. It has also been demonstrated that the shape engineering of crystallites, among other tasks, can increase the cathode capacity by 15% by increasing their size correlation coefficients.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.93-110
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• 2015

The recommender system is a system which recommends products to the customers who are likely to be interested in. Based on automated information filtering technology, various recommender systems have been developed. Collaborative filtering (CF), one of the most successful recommendation algorithms, has been applied in a number of different domains such as recommending Web pages, books, movies, music and products. But, it has been known that CF has a critical shortcoming. CF finds neighbors whose preferences are like those of the target customer and recommends products those customers have most liked. Thus, CF works properly only when there's a sufficient number of ratings on common product from customers. When there's a shortage of customer ratings, CF makes the formation of a neighborhood inaccurate, thereby resulting in poor recommendations. To improve the performance of CF based recommender systems, most of the related studies have been focused on the development of novel algorithms under the assumption of using a single profile, which is created from user's rating information for items, purchase transactions, or Web access logs. With the advent of big data, companies got to collect more data and to use a variety of information with big size. So, many companies recognize it very importantly to utilize big data because it makes companies to improve their competitiveness and to create new value. In particular, on the rise is the issue of utilizing personal big data in the recommender system. It is why personal big data facilitate more accurate identification of the preferences or behaviors of users. The proposed recommendation methodology is as follows: First, multimodal user profiles are created from personal big data in order to grasp the preferences and behavior of users from various viewpoints. We derive five user profiles based on the personal information such as rating, site preference, demographic, Internet usage, and topic in text. Next, the similarity between users is calculated based on the profiles and then neighbors of users are found from the results. One of three ensemble approaches is applied to calculate the similarity. Each ensemble approach uses the similarity of combined profile, the average similarity of each profile, and the weighted average similarity of each profile, respectively. Finally, the products that people among the neighborhood prefer most to are recommended to the target users. For the experiments, we used the demographic data and a very large volume of Web log transaction for 5,000 panel users of a company that is specialized to analyzing ranks of Web sites. R and SAS E-miner was used to implement the proposed recommender system and to conduct the topic analysis using the keyword search, respectively. To evaluate the recommendation performance, we used 60% of data for training and 40% of data for test. The 5-fold cross validation was also conducted to enhance the reliability of our experiments. A widely used combination metric called F1 metric that gives equal weight to both recall and precision was employed for our evaluation. As the results of evaluation, the proposed methodology achieved the significant improvement over the single profile based CF algorithm. In particular, the ensemble approach using weighted average similarity shows the highest performance. That is, the rate of improvement in F1 is 16.9 percent for the ensemble approach using weighted average similarity and 8.1 percent for the ensemble approach using average similarity of each profile. From these results, we conclude that the multimodal profile ensemble approach is a viable solution to the problems encountered when there's a shortage of customer ratings. This study has significance in suggesting what kind of information could we use to create profile in the environment of big data and how could we combine and utilize them effectively. However, our methodology should be further studied to consider for its real-world application. We need to compare the differences in recommendation accuracy by applying the proposed method to different recommendation algorithms and then to identify which combination of them would show the best performance.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.615-628
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• 2000

This report is to study on the progress on which foot arch and planta has been changed according to body type based on 4 tilting of scapular & ilium. This study has been carried out to help contribute to some basic information like these. One was to find out how to assess and analysize the deformity of feet and ankle joint which may have the most impact on ideal alignment of anatomical posture. The other was to figure out how to diagnose and treat the deformity to get to the restoration. The results of this study is as followings; 1. The findings which had been made from 22 persons(50%) having left scapular and ilium forward tilt are as follows. 1) On the longitudinal length of the planta left parts of 18 persons(82%) are longer than the right one. On the transversel length of the planta right parts of 17 persons(77%) are longer than the left one. 2) On the size of medial longitudinal arch the left parts of 20 persons(91%) are more wider than the right one. 3) On the sign of supinated foot, the left parts of 18 persons(82%) are more common than the right one. 4) On the thickness of big toe, the left parts of 14 persons(64%) are thicker than the right one. 2. The findings which had been made from 15 persons(34%) having right scapular and ilium forward tilt are as follows. 1) On the longitudinal length of the planta right parts of 11 persons(73%) are longer than the left one. On the transversel length of the planta left parts of 13 persons(87%) are longer than the right one. 2) On the size of medial longitudinal arch the right parts of 13 persons(87%) are more wider than the left one. 3) On the sign of supinated foot, the right parts of 12 persons(80%) are more common than the left one. 4) On the thickness of big toe, the right parts of 7 persons(47%) are thicker than the left one. 3. The findings which had been made from 3 persons(7%) having left scapular and right ilium forward tilt are as follows. 1) On the longitudinal length of the planta right parts of 2 persons(67%) are longer than the left one. On the transversel length of the planta left parts of 2 persons(67%) are longer than the right one. 2) On the size of medial longitudinal arch the right parts of 3 persons(100%) are more wider than the left one. 3) On the sign of supinated foot, the right parts of 2 persons(67%) are more common than the left one. 4) On the thickness of big toe, the left parts of 2 persons(67%) are thicker than the right one. 4. The findings which had been made from 4 persons(9%) having right scapular and left ilium forward tilt are as follows. 1) On the longitudinal length of the planta left parts of 3 persons(75%) are longer than the right one. On the transversel length of the planta right parts of 2 persons(50%) are longer than the left one. 2) On the size of medial longitudinal arch the left parts of 3 persons(75%) are more wider than the right one. 3) On the sign of supinated foot, the left parts of 3 persons(75%) are more common than the right one. 4) On the thickness of big toe, the left parts of 3 persons(75%) are thicker than the right one.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.272-281
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to provide for the basic data useful to the effective production. For this purpose, 180 Korean mothers who bring up from newborns to four-year-old babies were sampled to survey the problems on size occurred by wearing and purchasing the Infants'Wear and positively identify the factors affecting the fitness. Data is processed by a computer(SAS) and analyzed by using frequency, perentage, mean, χ²-test, Duncan-test. The main results of this study are as follows ; 1. Consumers'awareness of sizing system of Infant's wear tent to present relatively high and tend to purchase their infants'wear larger than actual sizes or that consumers'preferences depend little on size adaptation. 2. As a result of analyzing the part not fit, neck circumference, waist circumference, total length, neck back-waist length is short, sleeve length, pants length, shoulder length is big. In all, it has been found through this study that fitness and awareness of sizing system of Infant's Wear in purchasing infants'wear was influenced by many external factors. Therefore, in order to maximize the size adaptability for infants, Infants'Wear must be present the reasonable sizes and specifications for infants'wear in consideration of domestic and foreign specifications and infants'health condition.