• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.1067-1071
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• 2020

To understand the formation of initial gut microbiota, three initial fecal samples were collected from two groups of two breast milk-fed (BM1) and seven formula milk-fed (FM1) infants, and the compositional changes in gut microbiota were determined using metagenomics. Compositional change analysis during week one showed that Bifidobacterium increased from the first to the third fecal samples in the BM1 group (1.3% to 35.1%), while Klebsiella and Serratia were detected in the third fecal sample of the FM1 group (4.4% and 34.2%, respectively), suggesting the beneficial effect of breast milk intake. To further understand the compositional changes during progression from infancy to childhood (i.e., from three weeks to five years of age), additional fecal samples were collected from four groups of two breast milk-fed infants (BM2), one formula milk-fed toddler (FM2), three weaning food-fed toddlers (WF), and three solid food-fed children (SF). Subsequent compositional change analysis and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) revealed that the composition of the gut microbiota changed from an infant-like composition to an adult-like one in conjunction with dietary changes. Interestingly, overall gut microbiota composition analyses during the period of progression from infancy to childhood suggested increasing complexity of gut microbiota as well as emergence of a new species of bacteria capable of digesting complex carbohydrates in WF and SF groups, substantiating that diet type is a key factor in determining the composition of gut microbiota. Consequently, this study may be useful as a guide to understanding the development of initial gut microbiota based on diet.

• BMB Reports
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• 제45권8호
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• pp.433-441
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• 2012

Human milk, which nourishes the early infants, is a source of bioactive components for the infant growth, development and commensal formulation as well. Human milk oligosaccharide is a group of complex and diverse glycans that is apparently not absorbed in human gastrointestinal tract. Although most mammalian milk contains oligosaccharides, oligosaccharides in human milk exhibit unique features in terms of their types, amounts, sizes, and functionalities. In addition to the prevention of infectious bacteria and the development of early immune system, human milk oligosaccharides are able to facilitate the healthy intestinal microbiota. Bifidobacterial intestinal microbiota appears to be established by the unilateral interaction between milk oligosaccharides, human intestinal activity and commensals. Digestibility, membrane transportation and catabolic activity by bacteria and intestinal epithelial cells, all of which are linked to the structural of human milk oligosaccharides, are crucial in determining intestinal microbiota.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.249-252
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• 2009

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was employed to assess the thermo-tolerance characteristics of Bifrdobacterium infantis ATCC 27920 to mild heat adaptation. When exposed to various heat levels, pH, and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) stress conditions, B. infantis ATCC 27920 exhibited high level of stress resistance. Under mild-heat treatment ($46^{\circ}C$), no significant change in viability level was observed after 2 hr. Interestingly, improved viability was observed in mild-heat adapted ($46^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr) cultures exposed to $55^{\circ}C$, in comparison to control experiments. Viability was not affected by pH, bile, and $H_2O_2$ stress conditions. 2-DE analysis revealed those mild-heat adaptation up-regulated 4 proteins and down-regulated 3 proteins. Among these protein spots, isopropyhnalate dehydratase (leuD), glycosyltransferase (glgA), and ribosomal protein L5 (rp1E) were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALD1-TOF/MS).

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.981-994
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• 2018

The present study aimed at evaluating the utilization possibility of encapsulated probiotic Bifidobacterium longum for production of functional fermented sausages. The B. longum isolated from the feces samples of healthy Korean infants encapsulated with glycerol as a cryprotectant was used for fermented sausages production as a functional bacterial ingredient, and its effect was also compared with those inoculated with commercial starter culture (CSC). Results showed that most inoculated encapsulated B. longum (initial count, 5.88 Log CFU/g) could survive after 4 days fermentation (5.40 Log CFU/g), and approximately a half (2.83 Log CFU/g) of them survived in the products after 22 days of ripening. The products inoculated with encapsulated B. longum presented the lowest lipid oxidation level, while had higher total unsaturated fatty acid content and more desirable n-6/n-3 fatty acids than those inoculated with CSC or non-inoculated control. Moreover, the odor and taste scores in the samples made with B. longum were comparable to those in the treatment with CSC. The inoculation with the B. longum had no effects on the biogenic amine contents as well as did not cause defects in color or texture of the final products. Thus, the encapsulation could preserve the probiotic B. longum in the meat mixture, and the encapsulated B. longum could be used as a functional ingredient for production of healthier fermented meat products.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.474-485
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• 2024

본 연구는 6개월 미만의 4명의 영아 분변에서 생육이 용이한 우점균을 분리하였고, 이들 중 Lactobacillus속의 유용한 균주를 발굴, 이를 이용하여 발효시켜 제조한 미나리 배양물에 대한 기능적 특성을 살펴보았다. 8주의 분리균주들 중 항생제 내성, 용혈성 등의 안전성을 확인한 후, L. rhamnosus L28과 L. reuteri 11-2 등 2주를 항염증 효능 평가를 위해 선발하였다. 선발한 시험균주 단독과 이들로 미나리를 발효시켜 제조한 미나리발효물 등의 시료들을 각각 처리하여 병원성 세균 4종에 대한 생육 억제능을 살펴본 결과, L. rhamnosus L28 균주 단독처리만으로도 양성대조구인 L. rhamnosus LGG균에 비해 B. cereus와 Sta. aureus 등에 대한 높은 항균활성을 나타내었고, 이 균주를 이용하여 발효시킨 미나리배양물(Oj+L28) 역시도 동일한 병원균들에 대해 25.03±0.00-36.14±0.00 mm의 범위로 억제환을 나타내어 높은 유해균 생육 억제능을 보였다. 또한, LPS로 자극시켜 대식세포 RAW cell에서 분비된 NF-kB/AP-1 전사인자, 활성산소(NO) 및 염증성 매개물질(TNF-α와 IL-6)의 활성 또는 생성량 억제 정도를 살펴본 결과, 양성대조구(LGG) 대비 시험균주 L. rhamnosus L28 단독 처리와 이 균으로 제조한 미나리 발효물(Oj+L28) 처리구는 항염증 효능을 나타내는 모든 지표에서 통계적 유의수준(p<0.05)으로 높은 억제 활성을 나타내었다. 특히, 사이토카인 IL-6 항목에서 L. rhamnosus L28 단독 처리의 억제율이 처리량별로 83, 96 및 99%로 L. reuteri 11-2균주보다 높은 억제 효과를 보였으며, Oj+L28 발효물 역시도 59-72%로 Oj 원액 및 Oj+LGG 배양물보다 낮은 생성량을 보였다. 또한 염증성 매개물질인 TNF-α와 IL-6의 생성량 역시도 L. rhamnosus L28 단독 처리 시 통계적 유의수준(p<0.05)으로 가장 낮은 값을 보여, LPS와 같은 항원 제시에 의해 자극된 면역세포의 기능조절에 도움을 줄 것으로 사료된다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 처음으로 발굴한 L. rhamnosus L28 균주와 이 균주로 발효시켜 제조한 미나리발효물의 높은 항염증 효과를 확인하여, 향후 동물시험 수준의 효능검증 및 기전 구명 등 심화연구를 통해 건강기능성 소재로서의 활용성을 높이고자 한다.