• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권6D호
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• pp.975-983
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• 2006

본 연구는 통계적 기법을 이용하여 2001년 이후 발주된 최저가낙찰제도 대상 조달청 시설 공사의 전체 투찰률과 공사 종류, 기업 규모, 투찰 금액, 공종별 투찰률 등을 분석함으로써 건설업체의 투찰 행태와 최저가낙찰제도의 문제점을 고찰하였다. 최저가낙찰제 하에서 건설공사의 투찰률이 하락하고, 투찰 행태가 저가와 고가의 유형으로 양극화되면서 최저가낙찰제도 시장이 건설업체들의 투찰 전략에 따라 왜곡될 가능성이 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 최저가낙찰제도의 문제점을 보완하기 위해 도입된 저가심의제도가 제대로 작동하지 못함에 따라 제도 개선이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 보다 더 효과적으로 저가 투찰을 방지하기 위해서는 입찰자가 스스로 공사 물량과 단가를 산출하는 순수 내역입찰제도를 도입하는 것이 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2008

The Bidding System of the public IT project in Korea is fallen behind, because of the ordering habitual practice based old system, overcompetition based sealed bid and subcontract practice. To innovate this old-fashioned practice for public IT project bidding, this paper wants to generate a proper improvement direction of the public IT project contract law and the related policy through the literature review about the ordering and receiving system in Korea, the practical survey about bidding marketplace in Korea, and competition between bidding system and/or policy of major countries: USA, UK, France and Japan. As a result of practical survey, many problems of the current public IT project bidding system came out and improvement ideas toward future situation turned up. These outputs implicate that the current law and system related public IT project demands better improvement work for the future ubiquitous Korea. Therefore, this paper, to solve these problems about bidding systems and practice, propose the new public IT project contract law and the related policy, reflecting these improvement ideas by the practical survey and the literature review, and benchmarking points from bidding system of other countries.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제7권5S호
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• pp.1620-1628
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• 2000

Existing internet auction systems have adopted the form which gives a win to the auction bidder who proposes the top bid price for the goods posted on the auction board. But they haven't been satisfying the automatical one-step processing for user's convenience because they must require continuous care of user for bidding and checking as well as neglecting the convenience of user interface while participating in the electronic bidding system. The AuctionBot system of Michigan Univ. is known as the representative internet auction system. It has merit allowing the various kids of bidding. But it does not support automatic a process which can replaces what user has to do using an agent. To improve this kind of user interface, we propose an automatic bidding price strategy algorithm which composes the auction system using agent and design for auto-bidding system using agent so that I can replace user's bidding activity. This mechanism gives an auction system the efficient bidding price strategy.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.140-147
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• 2000

정보화 사회를 거치면서 네트워크의 발전과 관련해 많은 응용 분야들이 연구되고 있다. 이러한 응용분야 중 전자 입찰은 그 중 한 예가 될 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 입찰 시스템을 전자화 하여 인터넷에서 사용하는데 그 초점을 맞춘다. 전자 입찰 시스템은 기존의 입찰 과정에서 발생되어 온 시간 및 비용의 비효율성을 극복할 수 이는 장점이 있다. 그러나 기존의 입찰 시스템을 전자화 하는 과정에서 안전성 및 공정성 부분에서 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 전자 입찰 서비스에 위협이 될 수 있는 문제점들 및 요구사항을 살펴보고 기존의 방식이 이들 요구사항에 대해 어떻게 대처하는지 고찰할 것이다. 또한 제시된 모든 요구 사항을 만족하는 보다 안전하고 효율적인 새로운 전자 입찰 방식을 제안한다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.114-120
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• 2002

과거의 입찰방식은 행정의 투명성과 공정성에 대하여 많은 문제점을 가지고 있고, 조달업체들에게 딴은 비용을 소모시킨다. 이의 해결책으로 일부 공공기관에서 전자입찰을 위한 시스템을 구축하였거나 구축 중에 있다. 그러나 이러한 시스템이 여러 가지 측면에서 많은 문제점을 안고 있다. 따라서 본 논문의 목적은 문헌조사, 설문조사 및 만족도 평가, IDEF 방법론을 통하여 현행 입찰업무의 현황을 파악하고, 향후 구축될 시스템의 개선 방안을 제시하는 것이다. 본 논문의 연구결과 현행 입찰제도 하에서는 업무처리 절차가 불편하다는 지적이 가장 많았고, 현재 운영되고 있는 전자입찰 시스템은 대체적으로 만족하고 있었으며, 향후 진자조달 시스템 구현시 고려해야 할 사항은, 입찰$\cdot$계약 전자처리 표준화, 시스템의 보안, 법, 제도 정비 등이 중요하게 나타났다. 이러한 분석된 요구사항을 반영하여 입찰관리 개선모델을 제안하였고 개선효과를 분석하였다.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.127-146
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• 2001

The area of business applications in the internet are extended enormously in result of fast development of computing and communication technologies, increase of internet use, and use of intranet/extranet in enterprise information system. Widely spread the use of the internet, there are various applications for Business to Business (B to B) or Business to Customer(B to C) model that are based on the intranet or extranet. This paper designed and implemented the Web-based Electronic Bidding System for Business to Business (B to B) model. The technical issues of electronic bidding system in the internet are involved in the connection between web client and server, electronic data interchange for the contract document, and security solution during the bidding and contracting processes. The web-based electronic bidding system in this paper is implemented using Java applet and servlet as a connection interface for web client and server, XML/EDI-based documents for a bid and a contract, and bidding server and notary server for enhancing the security using PKI(Public Key Infrastructure)-based public key cryptography, digital signature and Certification Authority(CA).

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제54권11호
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• pp.557-560
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• 2005

This paper proposes the demand-side management(DSM) monitoring system of high efficient end-use equipments considering demand-side bidding (DSB). The effect on the market penetration of high efficient equipments by demand side bidding is analysed. Seasonal peak demand forecasting and penetration capacity of these equipments . are analysed.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 3th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.1433-1439
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• 2009

Best value is the ultimate goal of the owner and can thus have diverse meanings according to the project characteristic, owner's purpose, user groups' payment capability, etc.. Recently, resettlement problems of the marginalized members in the urban regeneration area have been issued in Korea because they have no capability to purchase (or lease) redeveloped housing (or apartment). It means that a minimized production cost for reducing supply price of housing is a key factor in establishing the best value of the marginalized members. The lowest-price bidding system serves the purpose of ensuring a minimized production cost, but due to the low-cost investments, it creates various problems, such as sloppy construction, lowered quality, an increased LCC, and worsening profitability for builders. Thus, to help them resettle, it is necessary to supply affordable housing geared towards a certain appropriate quality and minimum construction costs. Towards this end, this study aimed to propose a cost reduction bidding system based on a technical proposal. The proposed technical-proposal-based cost reduction bidding system consists of the following components: work-unit-based, project-unit-based, and construction-period-reducing technical proposals. These components are evaluated to select the best bidder for a given project. The technical proposal based cost reduction bidding system proposed herein is expected to provide facilities with appropriate supply prices and appropriate quality levels, to bolster the technological competitiveness of builders.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2007년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.109-113
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• 2007

This paper introduces a system, Simulation based Stochastic Markup Estimation System (S2ME), for estimating optimum markup for a project. The system was designed and implemented to better represent the real world system involved in construction bidding. The findings obtained from the analysis of existing assumptions used in the previous quantitative markup estimation methods were incorporated to improve the accuracy and predictability of the S2ME. The existing methods has four categories of assumption as follows; (1) The number of competitors and who is the competitors are known, (2) A typical competitor, who is fictitious, is assumed for easy computation, (3) the ratio of bid price against cost estimate (B/C) is assumed to follow normal distribution, (4) The deterministic output obtained from the probabilistic equation of existing models is assumed to be acceptable. However, these assumptions compromise the accuracy of prediction. In practice, the bidding patterns of the bidders are randomized in competitive bidding. To complement the lack of accuracy contributed by these assumptions, bidding project was randomly selected from the pool of bidding database in the simulation experiment. The probability to win the bid in the competitive bidding was computed using the profile of the competitors appeared in the selected bidding project record. The expected profit and probability to win the bid was calculated by selecting a bidding record randomly in an iteration of the simulation experiment under the assumption that the bidding pattern retained in historical bidding DB manifest revival. The existing computation, which is handled by means of deterministic procedure, were converted into stochastic model using simulation modeling and analysis technique as follows; (1) estimating the probability distribution functions of competitors' B/C which were obtained from historical bidding DB, (2) analyzing the sensitivity against the increment of markup using normal distribution and actual probability distribution estimated by distribution fitting, (3) estimating the maximum expected profit and optimum markup range. In the case study, the best fitted probability distribution function was estimated using the historical bidding DB retaining the competitors' bidding behavior so that the reliability was improved by estimating the output obtained from simulation experiment.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.18-28
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• 2015

Bidding and contract systems are used for public construction projects to select contractors following fair competition principles and to execute national budgets effectively. Many challenges have arisen due to a lack of transparency and fairness and because bidding practices have been luck-based. Few comprehensive or comparative analyses have been conducted on the performance and limitations of bidding and contract systems, and empirical analyses designed to improve policies on and the practice of such systems are lacking. This study empirically analyzed current bidding and contract systems to seek ways of improving them. The study proposes several alternatives to resolve the problems with and irrationalities of the current system: 1) improving bidding and selection systems by changing them from a luck-based price competition into a technical merit- and value-based competition; 2) improving the assessment criteria to meet the current market level of bid and winning prices; 3) adjusting contractual responsibilities and sharing structures to meet the current trend; and 4) strengthening the competitiveness and expanding the social responsibility-based procurement systems of construction companies.