• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.154-159
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• 2018

Background: To prevent small leakage accidents, a real-time and direct detection system for small leaks with a detection limit below that of existing systems, e.g. $0.5gpm{\cdot}hr^{-1}$, is required. In this study, a small-size beta detector, which can be installed inside the reactor containment (CT) building and detect small leaks directly, was suggested and its feasibility was evaluated using MCNPX simulation. Materials and Methods: A target nuclide was selected through analysis of radiation from radionuclides in the reactor coolant system (RCS) and the spectrum was obtained via a silicon detector simulated in MCNPX. A window was designed to reduce the background signal caused by other nuclides. The sensitivity of the detector was also estimated, and its shielding designed for installation inside the reactor CT. Results and Discussion: The beta and gamma spectrum of the silicon detector showed a negligible gamma signal but it also contained an undesired peak at 0.22 MeV due to other nuclides, not the $^{16}N$ target nuclide. Window to remove the peak was derived as 0.4 mm for beryllium. The sensitivity of silicon beta detector with a beryllium window of 1.7 mm thickness was derived as $5.172{\times}10^{-6}{\mu}Ci{\cdot}cc^{-1}$. In addition, the specification of the shielding was evaluated through simulations, and the results showed that the integrity of the silicon detector can be maintained with lead shielding of 3 cm (<15 kg). This is a very small amount compared to the specifications of the lead shielding (600 kg) required for installation of $^{16}N$ gamma detector in inside reactor CT, it was determined that beta detector would have a distinct advantage in terms of miniaturization. Conclusion: The feasibility of the beta detector was evaluated for installation inside the reactor CT to detect small leaks below $0.5gpm{\cdot}hr^{-1}$. In future, the design will be optimized on specific data.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.87-91
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• 2012

Metallic magnetic calorimeters (MMCs) are one of the most competitive low temperature detector (LTD) readout sensors. They have the advantages of high time resolution, no heat dissipation, and a wide range of operating temperature. We apply MMCs to our neutrinoless double beta decay ($0v{\beta}{\beta}$) search experiment. A $CaMoO_4$ crystal was employed as both a source of $0v{\beta}{\beta}$ and an energy absorber. The crystal was thermally connected to a MMC sensor. We set a simple thermal model for this detector and measured pulse shapes are compared with a numerical solution of the thermal model.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.841-845
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• 2020

An airborne alpha beta detection system using passivated implanted planar silicon (PIPS) detector was modeled with the MCNP6 code and its resolution and detection efficiency were analyzed. Simulation of the resolution performed using the Gaussian energy broadening (GEB) function showed that the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 35.214 keV for alpha particles was within 34-38 KeV, which is the FWHM range of the actual detector, and the FWHM of 15.1 keV for beta particles was constructed with a similar model to 17 keV, which is the FWHM range of an actual detector. In addition, the detection efficiency and the resolution were simulated according to the distance between the detector and the air filter. When the distance was decreased to 0.2 cm from 0.8 cm, the efficiency of the alpha and beta particles detection decreased from 5.33% to 4.89% and from 5.64% to 4.27%, respectively, and the FWHM of the alpha and beta particles improved from 40.9 KeV to 29.84 keV and 25.76 keV-13.27 keV, respectively.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.284-290
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• 2014

A fiber-optic beta/gamma dual detector system with two types of sensing probes was fabricated to detect the beta- and gamma-rays simultaneously. As scintillators of the sensing probe type 1, two different inorganic scintillators, $CaF_2(Eu)$ and LYSO(Ce) crystals, were used to obtain the each scintillating efficiency with respect to beta-and gamma-rays and the inherent energy spectra of radioactive isotopes. In the case of the sensing probe type 2, which is composed of two identical inorganic scintillators and a beta shielding material based on the lead, it could discriminate beta- and gamma-rays using a subtraction method. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the proposed fiber-optic beta/gamma dual detector could measure and discriminate beta- and gamma-rays using both energy spectroscopy and subtraction method.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.7
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• pp.2748-2754
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• 2022

Because existing reactant coolant system (RCS) leakage detection mechanisms are insensitive to small leaks, a real-time, direct detection system with a detection threshold below 0.5 gpm·hr^-1 was studied. A beta-ray detection system using a silicon detector with good energy resolution for beta rays and a low gamma-ray response was proposed. The detection performance in the leakage condition was evaluated through experiments and simulations. The concentration of ¹⁶N in the coolant corresponding to a coolant leakage of 0.5 gpm was calculated using the analytic method and ORIGEN-ARP. Based on the concentration of ¹⁶N and the measurement of the silicon detector with ⁹⁰Sr/⁹⁰Y, the beta-ray count rate was estimated using MCNPX. To evaluate the effect of gamma rays inside the containment building, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was calculated. To evaluate the count rate ratio, the radiation field inside the containment building was simulated using MCNPX, and response evaluation experiments were performed using beta and gamma rays on the silicon detector. The expected beta-ray count rate at 0.5 gpm leakage was 7.26 × 10⁵ counts/sec, and the signal-to-background count rate ratio exceeded 88 for a transport time of 10 s, demonstrating its suitability for operation inside a reactor containment building.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.416.2-416.2
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• 2003

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.95-99
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• 2014

Radiation monitoring is one of the most important process in all places where radioactive material is used including hospital. In this preliminary study, we made GAS electron multiplier (GEM) detector and acquired relative efficiencies in order to see if GEM detector can be useful in radiation monitoring system. The relative efficiency was acquired by using the ratio of GEM detector efficiency to CdTe detector efficiency. The relative efficiency of 72% and 4% was acquired for beta-ray and gamma-ray respectively.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2008

The new type phoswich detector consisting of the ZnS(Ag) and plastic scintillator for alpha/beta-ray simultaneous counting was developed for monitoring radiological contamination inside pipes. The detection performance was estimated using the PSD (pulse shape discrimination) method as a function of distance between the scintillator and radioactive source. The attenuation of particles traveling through a thin film for preventing the detector from being contaminated was experimentally estimated. It is concluded from our investigation that the phoswich detector developed can provide a sufficient alpha/beta-ray discrimination. The application of a thin film for preventing the detector from being contaminated was proven to be feasible.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.25-27
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• 1984

Some $\betha$-lactam antibiotics-penicillins and cephalosporins-were determined by gas chromatography (GC) with flame photometric detector (FPD) which was selective and sensitive to sulfur-containing compounds. Methyl ester derivatives of carboxyl group in $\betha$-lactam antibiotics were prepared using 0.5Mmethyl iodide in methylene chloride and were taken for gas chromatography with 0.9% or 0.6% QF-1 on Chromosorb WAW-DMCS. We have found that it is possible to determine methyl esters of $\betha$-lactam antibiotics by GC/FPD.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.367-373
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• 2012

We fabricated a fiber-optic alpha/beta detector, which is composed of a sensing probe, a plastic optical fiber, a photomultiplier tube, and a multichannel analyzer, to obtain the energy spectra of radioactive isotopes. As inorganic scintillators of a sensing probe, a ZnS(Ag) film was coupled with a $CaF_2$(Eu) crystal for alpha and beta spectroscopy. In this study, $^{210}Po$ and $^{90}Sr$ were used as alpha and beta sources, respectively, and we measured the radiation energy spectra using a fiber-optic alpha/beta detector to identify alpha and beta emitting radionuclides for nuclear medicine application. Also, the variations of energy spectrum were obtained according to the length of plastic optical fiber.