• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2013

This study investigated the taste and nutritional properties of domestic mottled skate Beringraja pulchra as affected by the area caught, sex, and weight. Regardless of these three parameters, free amino acids comprised the main factor affecting taste in all B. pulchras. Taste values for B. pulchra ranged from 2.24 to 3.61, which were much lower than values for other fish. The total amino acid content in B. pulchra ranged from 18.82 to 21.34 g/100 g, similar to values in other fish. The major amino acids affecting both the taste value and total amino acid in B. pulchra were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and lysine. Mineral content in B. pulchra was as follows: calcium, 252.7-288.3 mg/100 g; phosphorus, 248.2-269.3 mg/100 g; potassium, 345.9-389.5 mg/100 g; magnesium, 24.1-26.7 mg/100 g; and iron, 0.4-0.7 mg/100 g. Based on the results of free amino acid and taste value (used as an indicator to evaluate taste), and total amino acid and minerals (used as an indicator to evaluate nutritional value), the taste and nutritional properties of B. pulchra were not influenced by the area caught or weight, but were affected by the sex of the fish.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.275-283
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• 2015

This study compared the sensory and nutritional characteristics of mottled skate Beringraja pulchra caught off Ulleung Island (U-MS), Korea, with those caught off Daecheong Island (D-MS). Based on their trichloroacetic acid-soluble nitrogen content, free amino acid content, and taste value, the taste of intermediate weight female U-MS was superior to that of both other U-MS and D-MS. The urea content of U-MS was higher in females than males and increased in the order heavy>intermediate>light individuals. There was, however, no difference in urea content between U-MS and D-MS. The taste and flavor characterization results suggest that the level of ammonia, which was converted from urea, influenced the quality of fermented U-DS. With the exception of the light U-DS, the other U-MS exhibited no difference in terms of hardness. The total amino acid content of U-MS was higher in females than males and increased in the order intermediate > heavy > light individuals. The total amino acid content of U-MS was also higher than that of D-MS. The major amino acids of all MSs were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine, and lysine.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.232-237
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• 2018

인천 주변해역에 출현하는 참홍어의 식성을 분석하기 위해 2017년 2월부터 2018월 3월까지 총 203개체를 채집하였다. 참홍어의 체반장은 31.1~77.7 cm의 범위였으며, 16개체는 공복상태였다. 참홍어는 주로 어류와 새우류를 섭식하는 육식성 어류로 확인되었으며, 그 외 다양한 저서 갑각류와 무척추동물을 소량 섭식하였다. 가장 중요한 먹이생물로 새우류인 마루자주새우의 섭식비율이 가장 높았고, 어류는 까나리의 섭식비율이 높았다. 참홍어의 체장이 커질수록 새우류의 비율은 감소하였으며 어류의 비율은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 성장함에 따라 평균 먹이생물의 개체수와 중량은 증가하였다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2015

To obtain geographical range and growth-kinetics parameters of mottled sake (Beringraja pulchra) populations in the Yellow Sea, three mark-recapture experiments were carried out. Overall, 991 tagged individuals were released, and 4.1% of them were recaptured with the mean release period of 339 d (range, 8-1,420 d) and the mean growth rate of $1.4cm\;mon^{-1}$ (female, $1.5cm\;mon^{-1}$; male $1.3cm\;mon^{-1}$). In the first experiment, 667 individuals were released at Heuksan Island from April to June, 2007-2009, and 30 individuals were recaptured mainly at the north and the north-east coasts of the island, indicating absence of migration to the south of the island. In the second experiment, 323 individuals were released at several fishing grounds scattered in the Yellow Sea in 2010-2013, and 11 individuals were recaptured at points deviated to all directions from the releasing points. As the last, one individual was released with pop-up satellite archival tag at a costal point ($34^{\circ}37.2$'N, $124^{\circ}59.3$'E) off Hong Island on May 21, 2010. The tagged individual migrated to a north-east location ($35^{\circ}50.4$'N, $126^{\circ}03.6$'E) of Eocheong Island by Aug. 25, 2010. The data archived for the three months in the tag indicated that the migration path had depths of 48-80 m and temperature of $12.6-14.4^{\circ}C$. The results indicated that mottled sake populations had a localized habitat ranges at the north of Heuksan Island and the west of Hong Island while growing at the rate of $1.4cm\;mon^{-1}$.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.1195-1206
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• 2020

Beringraja pulchra, Cham-hong-eo in Korean, is a mottled skate which is belonging to the cartilaginous fish. Although this species is economically valuable in South Korea as an alkaline-fermented food, there are few microbial studies on such fermentation. Here, we analyzed microbial changes and pH before, during, and after fermentation and examined the effect of inoculation by a skin microbiota mixture on the skate fermentation (control vs. treatment). To analyze microbial community, the V4 regions of bacterial 16S rRNA genes from the skates were amplified, sequenced and analyzed. During the skate fermentation, pH and total number of marine bacteria increased in both groups, while microbial diversity decreased after fermentation. Pseudomonas, which was predominant in the initial skate, declined by fermentation (Day 0: 11.39 ± 5.52%; Day 20: 0.61 ± 0.9%), while the abundance of Pseudoalteromonas increased dramatically (Day 0: 1.42 ± 0.41%; Day 20: 64.92 ± 24.15%). From our co-occurrence analysis, the Pseudoalteromonas was positively correlated with Aerococcaceae (r = 0.638) and Moraxella (r = 0.474), which also increased with fermentation, and negatively correlated with Pseudomonas (r = -0.847) during fermentation. There are no critically significant differences between control and treatment. These results revealed that the alkaline fermentation of skates dramatically changed the microbiota, but the initial inoculation by a skin microbiota mixture didn't show critical changes in the final microbial community. Our results extended understanding of microbial interactions and provided the new insights of microbial changes during alkaline fermentation.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2013

The gonadsomatic index (GSI) of mottled skate was the highest in April, GSI and HSI showed a reverse phase for its reproductive cycle. The fish had one pair of egg capsules, having 1 to 7 fertilized eggs, and spawned all the year round. When surveying the reproductive characteristics of females over 63 cm in disc width, we found the spawning peak was between April to June, and the appearance ratio of egg capsules was the highest in May (32.1%). The eggs were hatched at $8^{\circ}C$, $13^{\circ}C$, $18^{\circ}C$, water temperature (12.8 to $24.2^{\circ}C$), and the best hatching temperature was $18^{\circ}C$. The number of fish hatched was 4 to 5 fish/egg capsules, and the hatching rate was 100%. The sex ratios of hatching larvae were 45.5% female and 54.5% male. Therefore this study will provide fundamental data and information for artificial reproduction of the mottled skate.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.295-302
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• 2014

황해에서 주로 어획되는 참홍어의 분포 특성을 파악하기 위하여 2002년부터 2013년까지 황해 동부 해역에 30개 정점을 선정하여 오터트롤을 이용하여 참홍어를 채집 분석하였다. 조사기간 동안 892번의 트롤 예망 중에서 112회에 442개체의 참홍어가 채집되었다. 참홍어는 봄과 가을에 전체 조사해역에 넓게 분포하였으나, 여름에 북부 외해 일부 해역과 겨울의 남부 외해에서 주로 분포하였다. 당년생의 참홍어는 봄과 가을에 조사해역의 연안역보다 외해에서 많이 출현하였다. 참홍어는 조사해역의 수온 $3.8{\sim}14.5^{\circ}C$, 염분 31.2~34.2 범위에서 분포하였으며, 수온은 참홍어의 분포에 영향을 미치고 적정 서식 수온은 $5{\sim}14^{\circ}C$이며 조사해역에서 수심과 염분은 참홍어 분포에 영향을 주지 않았다. 참홍어의 연도별 생산량은 어획생산변동 통계와 수협의 판매 자료를 이용하여 다시 산정하였다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.213-222
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• 2020

Species composition and seasonal variations of fish in the Five West Sea Islands in Korea, were investigated by using otter trawls and bongo nets from 2014 to 2015. During the surveyed period using an otter trawl, a total of 53 species, 147,253 ind./㎢ and 2,721,296 g/㎢ of fish were collected by otter trawls. The individual dominant species were Chaeturichthys stigmatias (30.3%), Coilia nasus (18.2%), Engraulis japonicus (12.3%), and Setipinna tenuifilis (12.2%). Moreover, the biomass dominant species in biomass were Liparis tanakae (21.3%), Beringraja pulchra (18.5%), Engraulis japonicus (8.3%) and Okamejei kenojei (8.1%). Eggs by bongo nets included 1,748 ind./1,000 ㎥ of Engraulis japonicus and 64,691 ind./1,000 ㎥ of unidentified species. A total of 15 species and 2,015 ind./1,000 ㎥ of fish larvae were collected, and the dominant species were Johnius belengerii and Pholis fangi.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2013

This study was conducted to compare quality characteristics of imported skate rays. The moisture content was higher in imported skate rays than in domestic mottled skate, while the protein content displayed a contrasting pattern. From measurements of the volatile basic nitrogen content, pH, viable cell counts, and urea and ammonia contents, the freshness of skate rays imported from Chile, Canada and Uruguay was considered to be inferior to domestic mottled skate, while the freshness of skate rays imported from the USA was similar. The measurement of physicochemical properties revealed that four kinds of imported skate rays were of inferior quality, as compared to domestic mottled skate.