• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.623-625
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of storage period on flavor components of Korean kiwifruits (Actinidia deliciosa Planch.) stored at $20^{\circ}C$. The major volatile components of Korean kiwifruits analyzed by GC and GC-MS were pentanal, methyl butanoate, ethyl pentanoate, heptanone, (E)-2-hexenal, ethyl hexanoate, 1-hexanol, cyclohexanol, butyl hexanoate, linalool oxide, linalool, butyl heptanoate, methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate. Among them, (E)-2-hexenal was the major component in premature fruit but on further ripening ethyl butanoate began to dominate the component profile.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.1251-1255
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• 2003

Second-order rate constants have been determined spectrophotometrically for the reaction of phenyl 4-nitrophenyl carbonate with a series of primary amines in $H_2O$ containing 20 mol % DMSO at 25.0 ${\circ}$C. The Bronsted-type plot is linear with a ${\beta}_{nuc}\;0.69 {\pm} 0.04$, which is slightly smaller than the ${\beta}_{nuc}$ values for the reactions of 4-nitrophenyl acetate ( $\beta_{nuc}= 0.82 {\pm} 0.03$) and benzoate ( $\beta_{nuc} = 0.76 {\pm} 0.01$), indicating that the reaction proceeds through a tetrahedral zwitterionic intermediate $T^{\pm}$. The carbonate is more reactive than the corresponding acetate and benzoate. The changing Me (or Ph) to PhO has resulted in a decrease in the ${\beta}_{nuc}$ value without changing the reaction mechanism but an increase in the reactivity. The electronic effect of the substituent in the nonleaving group appears to be responsible for the enhanced reactivity of the carbonate compared with the corresponding acetate and benzoate.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.266-274
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• 1995

The extractions of aqueous Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions into ethylacetate or dichloromethane were conducted by using 12-crown-4, 15-crown-5 and 18-crown-6 ethers as ligand. Benzoate ion was selected as counter anion for the complexes formed between the lanthanide ions and crown ethers. Fluorescence spectra of the lanthanide ions induced by the energy transfer from benzoate anion to the cations were also measured. The quantitative analysis of the lanthanide ions extracted into organic phase were made on the basis of the results of fluorescence. The measured extractivity is interpreted in terms of the ion-dipole interaction.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.1394-1398
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• 2007

Acaricidal activity of the active constituent derived from Pyrus ussuriensis fruits against Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus was examined and compared with that of the commercial benzyl benzoate. The $LD_{50}$ value of the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from the aqueous extract of P. ussuriensis fruits was 9.51 and $8.59{\mu}g/cm^3$ against D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus, respectively. The active constituent was identified as quinone by spectroscopic analyses. On the basis of $LD_{50}$ values with quinone and its congeners, the compound most toxic against D. farinae was quinone ($1.19{\mu}g/cm^3$), followed by quinaldine (1.46), benzyl benzoate (9.32), 4-quinolinol (86.55), quinine (89.16), and 2-quinolinol (91.13). Against D. pteronyssinus, these were quinone ($1.02{\mu}g/cm^3$), followed by quinaldine (1.29), benzyl benzoate (8.54), 4-quinolinol (78.63), quinine (82.33), and 2-quinolinol (86.24). These results indicate that the acaricidal activity of the aqueous extracts can be mostly attributed to quinone. Quinone was about 7.8 and 8.4 times more toxic than benzyl benzoate against D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus. Additionally, quinaldine was about 6.4 and 6.6 times more toxic than benzyl benzoate against D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus, respectively. Furthermore, the skin color of the dust mites was changed from colorless-transparent to dark brown-black by the treatment of quinone. These results indicate that quinone can be very useful as potential control agents, lead compounds, or the indicator of house dust mites.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.439-447
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• 2018

The aromatic compound p-hydroxybenzoate (PHBA) is an important material with multiple applications, including as a building block of liquid crystal polymers in chemical industries. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are beneficial monooxygenases for the synthesis of chemicals, and CYP53A15 from fungus Cochliobolus lunatus is capable of executing the hydroxylation from benzoate to PHBA. Here, we constructed a system for the bioconversion of benzoate to PHBA in Escherichia coli cells coexpressing CYP53A15 and human NADPH-P450 oxidoreductase (CPR) genes as a redox partner. For suitable coexpression of CYP53A15 and CPR, we originally constructed five plasmids in which we replaced the N-terminal transmembrane region of CYP53A15 with a portion of the N-terminus of various mammalian P450s. PHBA productivity was the greatest when CYP53A15 expression was induced at $20^{\circ}C$ in $2{\times}YT$ medium in host E. coli strain ${\Delta}gcvR$ transformed with an N-terminal transmembrane region of rabbit CYP2C3. By optimizing each reaction condition (reaction temperature, substrate concentration, reaction time, and E. coli cell concentration), we achieved 90% whole-cell conversion of benzoate. Our data demonstrate that the described novel E. coli bioconversion system is a more efficient tool for PHBA production from benzoate than the previously described yeast system.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.80-86
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• 2002

The activities against Frankliniella occidentalis adults collected at rose greenhouse of 40 commerical insecticides were investigated. Among them 9 insecticides showed over 80% mortality to the adults; chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos- methyl, emamectin benzoate, fenthion, fipronil, phenthoate, spinosad, chlorpyrifos+diflubenzuron and furathiocarb+diflubenzuron. Susceptibility of field populations collected from greenhouse rose at 5 locations in 2001 was evaluated against the 9 insecticides selected. There was considerable difference in susceptibility depending on the treated insecticides and the regions from which the populations were collected. Goyang and Gimhae populations showed lower $LC_{50}$(ppm) values then Imsil, Jincheon and Gaangjin populations to all the tested insecticides. The adults of all field populations showed lower $LC_{50}$ values less than 1 ppm to emamectin benzoate, fipronil and spinosad. From these results, we could recommend 5 insecticides, such as emamectin benzoate, fipronil, spinosad, chlorpyrifos+diflubenzuron and furathiocarb+diflubenzuron as effective ones to control the Frankliniella occidentalis field populations.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.244-248
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• 1999

This study was carried out to determine the contents of sodium saccharin, sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate in danmooji, jangachi, puffed cereal, mixed beverages, carbonated beverages, fruit and vegertable juices (excepted unheated fruit and vegertable juices) and dried fishery products(seasoned) in the market. Sodium saccharin, sodium benzoate and potassium sorb ate were analyzed by HPLC at the wavelength of 215 nm with 0.05% ammonium phosphate dibasic acetonitril mobil phase(94 : 6), and recovery rates were 96.2-100.3%, 95.8-100.9%, 96.1-99.8%, respectively. The contents of sodium saccharin were N.D.-1234.8 mg/kg in danmoogi, jangachi, puffed cereal and mixed beverages and sodium benzoate in mixed beverages, carbonated beverages, fruit and vegertable juices were N.D.-663.2 mg/kg, and potassium sorbate in danmooji, jangachi and dried fishery products were N.D.-2725.2 mg/kg.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2020

It is important to realize that benzoate was intercalated into hydrotalcite (HTC-Bz) by the co-precipitation method. In this case, acrylic coating with 0.5 wt% HTC-Bz was deposited on carbon steel using the spin coating method. Next, the HTC-Bz structure was characterized by Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). In fact, an ultraviolet vision spectroscopy (UV-Vis) was used to determine the benzoate content in HTC-Bz, and the UV absorption ability of HTC-Bz. Using electrochemical techniques, water contact angle measurement, and thermal-gravimetric analysis, we compared the protective properties before and after QUV test, hydrophobicity and the thermal stability of acrylic coating containing HTC-Bz. The obtained results showed that HTC-Bz with a plate-like structure was successfully synthesized; benzoate was intercalated into the interlayer of hydrotalcite with a concentration of 28 wt%. Additionally, it was noted that HTC-Bz has an UV absorption peak at 225 nm. In conclusion, the addition of HTC-Bz enhanced the UV stability, hydrophobicity and the thermal stability of acrylic coating.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.23-39
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• 2024

Objectives: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is defined as abdominal pain during menstruation period in the absence of an identifiable pathological lesion. Corydalis tuber (CT) is an herbal medicine that has an excellent effect in relieving pain and convulsions. The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of Corydalis tuber aqueous extracts (CTe) on primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: The rats were injected with estradiol benzoate subcutaneously for 10 days (2.5 mg/kg on the first and 10th days, and 1 mg/kg from the 2~9th day). Oxytocin 1 U/kg was treated by peritoneal injection 1 hour after the last 10th injection of estradiol benzoate. CTe 400, 200 and 100 mg/kg were administered orally, once a day for 10 days at 30 minutes after each estradiol benzoate treatment. The results of CTe were compared to those of IND 5 mg/kg orally treated rats. Results: As results of estradiol benzoate and oxytocin administration, noticeable decreases of body weights and gains, uterus weights were observed with congestion and enlargement of the uterus at gross inspections, and increases of abdominal writhing responses, uterus MDA levels, GSH contents, SOD and CAT activities. However, these oxidative stress mediated PD signs were dose-dependently decreased by 10 consecutive days of oral administration of three different doses of CTe 400, 200 and 100 mg/kg as comparable to those of IND 5 mg/kg in CTe 200 mg/kg. Conclusions: CTe had a significant improvement effect on primary dysmenorrhea in the PD rat model induced by estrogen benzoate and oxytocin.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.148-152
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• 1993

One kind of microorganism was isolated and identified from Korean fresh, white and red ginseng, and the effect of a preservative, sodium benzoate on the microorganism and its thermal resistant propertues were studied. The results obtained were as follows. The predominant strain on ginseng and ginseng products was identified as Penicillium sp. The strain showed perithecium structure producing ascospores. The growth of the strain was slightly inhibited at 0.0571 concentration of sodium benzoate. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of sodium benzoate against the strain was 0.26%. The D value of the strain at 56, 59, $62^{\circ}C$ were 9.9, 5.0 and 4.5 min, respectively.