• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.861-869
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the suitability of frozen oysters as a raw material for the preparation of seafood products by measuring the concentrations of harmful microorganisms and chemicals in thawed flesh. The microbial concentrations in thawed oysters were 2.3-5.0 log CFU/g for viable cell counts, not detected (ND)-1.0 log CFU/g for coliform bacteria, and ND for Escherichia coli and pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), and Clostridium perfringens. In frozen oysters, the heavy metal concentration for viable cell counts was ND-0.030 mg/kg, for lead was ND-0.393 mg/kg, and for cadmium was 0.021-0.597 mg/kg. Benzo(a)pyrene, shellfish poison (paralytic shellfish and diarrhetic shellfish poisons), and radioactivity were not detected in the thawed oysters. These results suggest that frozen oysters can be safely used as a raw material for the preparation of seafood products.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.466-471
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• 2001

염색체 이상유발물질인 benzo($\alpha$)yrene(B($\alpha$)P) 을 마우스에 50, 100, 그리고 150 mg/kg으로 투여한 경우의 소핵생성은 각각 6.6$\pm$0.6, 9.2$\pm$0.6 그리고 10.4$\pm$0.9로서 농도증가에 비례적으로 증가하였으며, 대조군에서는 1.4$\pm$0.4의 소핵생성을 나타내었다. B($\alpha$ )P을 150 mg/kg과 참취뿌리 에탄올 추출물을 각각 50. 100, 150 그리고 200 mg/kg으로 동시에 투여한 경우 각각 24.50, 22.55, 59.80 그리고 79.41%의 소핵생성 억제효과를 나타내었다. 참취뿌리 용매분획물 실험에서는 헥산, 클로로포름, 에틸아세테이트, 부탄올 및 물분획물이 시료농도인 10 mg/kg의 투여군에서 양성대조군에 비해 각각 3.9, 35.3, 40.2, 11.8 및 49.0%의 소핵생성 억제율을 나타내었다. 시료농도 80 mg/kg의 투여군에서는 양성대조군에 비해 각각 78.4. 65.7. 75.5, 68.6 그리고 77.5%의 소핵생성 억제율을 나타내었다. 참취뿌리 에탄올추출물의 용매분획물은 80 mg/kg의 투여농도에서 비교적 높게 소핵생성 억제율이 나타났다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1349-1368
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• 2016

Concentrations of fine particulate matter ($PM_{2.5}$) and several of its particle constituents measured outside homes in Houston, Texas, and Los Angeles, California, were characterized using multiple regression analysis with proximity to point and mobile sources and meteorological factors as the independent variables. $PM_{2.5}$ mass and the concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), benzo-[a]-pyrene (BaP), perylene (Per), benzo-[g,h,i]-perylene (BghiP), and coronene (Cor) were examined. Negative associations of wind speed with concentrations demonstrated the effect of dilution by high wind speed. Atmospheric stability increase was associated with concentration increase. Petrochemical source proximity was included in the EC model in Houston. Area source proximity was not selected for any of the $PM_{2.5}$ constituents' regression models. When the median values of the meteorological factors were used and the proximity to sources varied, the air concentrations calculated using the models for the eleven $PM_{2.5}$ constituents outside the homes closest to influential highways were 1.5-15.8 fold higher than those outside homes furthest from the highway emission sources. When the median distance to the sources was used in the models, the concentrations of the $PM_{2.5}$ constituents varied 2 to 82 fold, as the meteorological conditions varied over the observed range. We found different relationships between the two urban areas, illustrating the unique nature of urban sources and suggesting that localized sources need to be evaluated carefully to understand their potential contributions to $PM_{2.5}$ mass and its particle constituents concentrations near residences, which influence baseline indoor air concentrations and personal exposures. The results of this study could assist in the appropriate design of monitoring networks for community-level sampling and help improve the accuracy of exposure models linking emission sources with estimated pollutant concentrations at the residential level.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.233-243
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• 2018

This study was carried out to characterize the ambient levels of PAH concentrations in Pohang city, where steel industry has been intensively developed. A large amount of PAH emissions from steel production and related industries in Pohang are concerned about the environmental health hazards of nearby residents. TSP samples were seasonally collected during 10 days at four sites in Pohang from April to December 2010. Each sample was collected for 24 hours using high-volume air sampler. All samples were extracted by $soxtec^{TM}$ before concentration of 1.0 mL. The concentrates were analyzed by GC/MS. The prevailing wind direction was southwest and west-southwest in Pohang during the measurement period. Variations of TSP concentrations appeared to be similar between four sites. The highest TSP concentration was found in fall, while the lowest in summer. The highest PAH concentration was found at an industrial site, while the lowest at a residential/commercial site. In the case of BaP, the average concentration at the industrial site was $0.63{\pm}0.66ng/m^3$, which was approximately 2 times of the residential/commercial site. The paired t-test (p<0.05) showed significant differences between industrial and residential area. Particulate PAH concentrations were higher in the winter and lower in the summer. The concentrations of BaP in winter were 2~10 times higher than those in the other three seasons. This study clearly demonstrated the impact of steel industry on the elevated levels of PAH in Pohang city.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권21호
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• pp.9517-9522
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• 2014

Purple rice (Oryza sativa L. var. indica) cv. Kum Doisaket is cultivated in northern Thailand. This study evaluated the mutagenic and antimutagenic properties of hydrophilic and lipophilic components of purple rice using the Ames test. The seed and hull of purple rice were extracted with hexane, methanol, ethanol, and water. The methanol extracts had the highest amounts of phenolic acids and flavonoids, while the hexane extracts contained large amount of tocols and ${\gamma}$-oryzanol. None of the extracts were mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. The hexane extract of rice hull and the methanol extract of rice seed were strongly effective against aflatoxin B1- and 2-amino-3, 4 dimethylimidazo (4, 5-f) quinoline-induced mutagenesis, while aqueous extracts showed weakly antimutagenic properties. All extracts with the exception of aqueous extracts enhanced the number of revertant colonies from benzo (a) pyrene induced-mutagenesis. None of the extracts inhibited mutagenesis induced by the direct mutagens 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-acrylamide and sodium azide. The hull extracts showed more potent antimutagenicity than the seed extracts. Based on a chemical analysis, ${\gamma}$-oryzanol and ${\gamma}$-tocotrienol in the hull and cyanidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside in the seed are candidate antimutagens in purple rice. The antimutagenic mechanisms of purple rice might be related to either modulation of mutagen metabolizing enzymes or direct attack on electrophiles. These findings supported the use of Thai purple rice as a cancer chemopreventive agent.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.79-83
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• 1988

To improve working environment for the toll workers who were working at Kyungbu expressway in outskirts of Seoul and Suwon, the status of air pollution surrounding toll booth were measured from March 28 through June 14, 1986. The results were as follows: 1. The amount of TSP (total suspended particle) surrounding toll booth was directly proportional to the traffic load. The ratio of traffic load at Seoul and Suwon toll was 3.2:1 and of TSP was 2.6:1. 2. The proportion of particle larger than 5$\mum$ was 24.8 $\sim$ 34.9% of TSP at Seoul toll and 19.2 $\sim$ 32.7% at Suwon. The proportion of particle less than 2$\mum$ was 38.7 $\sim$ 51.8% of TSP at Seoul toll and 34.8 $\sim$ 54.8% at Suwon. 3. The concentration of respirable particle les than 7$\mum$ measured by personal air sampler was higher in Seoul toll booth than that of Suwon and it seems to be influenced by the exhausion of diesel engine. Especially the concentration of respirable particle of reformed toll booth with air curtain was 20% lower than unreformed one. 4. Concentration of Pb among suspended particles around Seoul toll was 5 times higher than Pb of Suwon toll. So it is considered that there were other possible pollution source of Pb beyond heavy traffic in Seoul toll area. The amount of Pb inside toll booth was extremely small but the concentration of benzo(a)pyrene showed a trend of increase according to traffic stagnation. 5. The concentration of $SO_2$ arround toll showed no difference between weekday and weekend and also showed no relation with traffic load. But the concentration of $NO_2$ was affected by traffic load.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.268-275
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• 2004

To investigate the potential application of the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay to carp as an aquatic pollution monitoring technique, gill, liver, and blood cells were isolated from carp exposed to a direct-acting mutagen, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), or indirect mutagen, $benzo[\alpha]pyrene$ $(B[\alpha]P)$, then the DNA strand breakage was analyzed using the assay. Based on testing 5 different cell isolation methods and 6 electrophoretic conditions, the optimized assay conditions were found to be cell isolation by filter pressing and electrophoresis at a lower voltage and longer running time (at 0.4 V/cm for 40 min). In preliminary experiments, gill and liver cells isolated from carp exposed to MNNG in vitro exhibited DNA damage signals even with 0.5 ppb exposure, which is a much higher dose than previously reported. In the gill cells isolated from carp exposed to 0.01-0.5 ppm MNNG in vivo, significant dose-and time-dependent increases were observed in the tail for 4 days. As such, the linear correlation between the relative damage index (RDI) values and time for each dose based on the initial 48-h exposure appeared to provide effective criteria for the genotoxicity monitoring of direct-acting mutagenic pollution. In contrast, the in vivo exposure of carp to 0.25-1.0 ppm of $B[\alpha]P$ for 7 days resulted in dose-and time-dependent responses in the liver cells, in which 24-h delayed responses for metabolizing activation and gradual repair after 48 h were also observed. Thus, the negative-sloped linear correlation between the RDI and time at each dose based on the initial 48 h appeared to provide more effective criteria for the genotoxicity monitoring of indirect mutagenic pollution.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.160-164
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• 1994

In this study, we investigeated the anticarcinogenicity of various types and ages of ginseng extracts as an extended study using Yun's anticarcinogenicity test. Fresh ginseng at 1.5, 3, 4, 5 and 6 years was dried and powdered. And white ginseng was processed in the same way that of fresh ginseng after removal fo the ginseng cortex and fine root. For red ginsneg, fresh ginseng was steamed and dried. Each ginseng powder was extracted and extracts was freeze dried. Newborn N:GP(S) mice were given a single subcutaneous injection of 0.5 mg of benzo(a)pyrene(BP). Various types and ages of ginseng extracts at 2.5mg/ml were orally administered. All the mice were sacrificed at the 9th week. The following results were obtained. In the dried fresh ginseng extract treated group, the incidence of lung adenoma induced by BP was 63.9% and its incidence was reduced to 48.3%, 52.5%, 51.8%, 47.5% and 44.1% after co-treatment with 1.5, 3, 4, 5 and 6 year-dried fresh ginseng, respectively. The incidence of lung adenoma induced by BP on the white ginseng extract treated group was 41.3% and decreased to 31.0%, 46.0%, 44.0% and 26.5% after co-treatment with 3, 4, 5 and 6 year-white ginseng, respectively. In the red ginseng extract treated group, the incidence of lung adenoma induced by BP was 47.5% and its incidence diminished to 40.7%, 35.0%, 30.1%, 30.0% and 26.3% after co-treatment with 1.5, 3, 4, 5 and 6 year-red ginseng, respectively. From the above results, we concluded that a statistically significant anticarcinogenic effect was observed in extracts of 6 year-dried fresh ginseng, 6 year-white ginseng, and 4, 5 and 6 year-red ginseng and it is suggested that the anticarcinogenicity of ginseng varies according to the types and ages Key words Ginseng extract, types and ages. anticarcinogenic, newborn mice, lung tumor.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.534-540
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• 2014

가공조건 차이에 따른 한방차의 성분변화를 분석한 결과, 팽화공정 처리한 것은 볶음공정을 한 것보다 조회분, 수분, 조단백질, 고형분 용출율이 증가하였으며 조지방은 소폭 감소하였다. 벤조피렌[$B({\alpha})P$]함량은 0.35 ppb에서 0.18 ppb로 크게 감소하였다. 전체적으로 심한 열처리 과정이 없는데도 불구하고 $B({\alpha})P$이 검출된 이유는 식품 중 $B({\alpha})P$는 주로 음식을 조리, 가공할 때 식품의 주성분인 탄수화물, 단백질, 지방 등이 열분해 되어 생성되기 때문이다. 한방차에서 맛, 향, 색상 모두 큰 차이를 보이지 않으나 다소 텁텁한 느낌이 강하고, 시큼한 맛이 강하여 선호도를 떨어뜨리는 것으로 나타났다.

• 분석과학
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.170-175
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• 2007

올리브유중 벤조피렌을 분석하기 위하여 고속액체크로마토그래피/형광검출기를 이용하였다. 시료의 지방성분을 헥산으로 제거한 후 N,N-DMF 수용액을 다시 헥산으로 추출하여 후로리실 SPE 카트리지로 정제한 후 기기분석하였다. 이동상으로는 아세토니트릴과 물의 혼합용액(8:2)을 사용하였으며 형광검출기의 여기파장은 294 nm이었고 형광파장은 404 nm이었다. 평균 회수율은 95%이었으며, 정량한계는 $0.9{\mu}g/kg$이었다. 대상 식품인 올리브유 중 벤조피렌의 검출수준은 불검출~$1.9\mu}g/kg$이었으나, 식품공전의 기준인 올리브유중 벤조피렌의 최대수준 $2.0{\mu}g/kg$이하이었다.