• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.183-196
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• 2016

Objectives: There is no systematic review on economic evaluations of telemedicine in Japan, despite over 1000 trials implemented. Our systematic review aims to examine whether Japan's telemedicine is cost-saving or cost-effective, examine the methodological rigorousness of the economic evaluations, and discuss future studies needed to improve telemedicine's financial sustainability. Methods: We searched five databases, including two Japanese databases, to find peer-reviewed articles published between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2014 in English and Japanese that performed economic evaluations of Japan's telemedicine programs. The methodological rigorousness of the economic analyses was assessed with a well-established checklist. We calculated the benefit-to-cost ratio (BCR) when a reviewed study reported related data but did not report the BCR. All cost values were adjusted to 2014 US dollars. Results: Among the 17 articles identified, six studies reported on settings connecting physicians for specialist consultations, and eleven studies on settings connecting healthcare providers and patients at home. There are three cost-benefit analyses and three cost-minimization analyses. The remaining studies measured the benefit of telemedicine only, using medical expenditure saved or users' willingness-to-pay. There was substantial diversity in the methodological rigorousness. Studies on teledermatology and teleradiology indicated a favorable level of economic efficiency. Studies on telehomecare gave mixed results. One cost-benefit analysis on telehomecare indicated a low economic efficiency, partly due to public subsidy rules, e.g., a too short budget period. Conclusions: Overall, telemedicine programs in Japan were indicated to have a favorable level of economic efficiency. However, the scarcity of the economic literature indicates the need for further rigorous economic evaluation studies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 2017

For economic evaluation of integrated operation to sewage facilities, benefit-cost analysis was performed to watershed sewage works project in 7 watershed areas, 156 facilities. In this study, the cost before and after integrated operation was compared and benefits are calculated from the reduction of operators, increasement treated pollution loads, reduction cost through operation convenience, reduction water consumption through effluent reuse, and improvement of life benefit. The result showed that cost was 8,500million won and benefit was 16,747million won, so benefit was 49% higher than cost. B/C analysis result showed that B/C ratio was 1.97 and it is similar to other researches. The benefits of integrated operation included convenience of data management, increase of emergency response, decrease of complains with sewage which was not reflected numerically, so the benefits of integrated operation were expected much greater than this result

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2020

Recently, interest in the DC transmission is rapidly increasing worldwide. In many countries and leading companies are prior to the aggressive development of HVDC technology and application. Especially, VSC-HVDC system has been widely applied to transfer power at long distance between power plant and power consumption area. Therefore in this paper, we analyzed the benefit-cost of VSC-HVDC system which has more advantages than existing transmission system. The proposed system is MMC(Modular Multilevel Converter) VSC-HVDC system that have stability of Power Grid, interconnect Large-scale New Power Generation Plants by prevents Blackout. And MMC VSC-HVDC system Reduced the loss importing foreign systems. And the benefits were calculated in four stages, and the costs were applied to the actual project. By evaluating the various avoidance costs compared to the benefit-cost, it was confirmed that MMC VSC-HVDC system was advantageous in system stability and economic and social benefits.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.423-431
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• 2020

This study examines the cost and benefit (i.e., income) of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) rubber plantations in Thailand. The study attempts to identify the challenges to the implementation of FSC standards in rubber plantations in the country. A total of 60 rubber farmers in two Southern provinces, namely, Songkhla and Rayong, were interviewed through a standardized questionnaire to gather primary data. The study found that small-, medium- and large-sized FSC rubber plantations were worth investing in. All sizes of rubber plantations had similar values of benefit cost ratio (BCR). It was also found that the values of the discount payback period (DPP) of the three forms of FSC rubber plantations were 9-12 years, while the large rubber plantations had the highest internal rate of return (IRR) (19.0%). It implies that the large-size plantations had the highest values. The rubber farmers in the study area reported that they are facing a number of problems and hardships in implementing FSC standards, lacking knowledge and understanding of FSC, especially for preparing documentation. Therefore, the Thai government should take proper policy initiatives to remove all the problems and barriers in implementing FSC standards for the sustainable rubber production in the country.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.621-641
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• 2015

Benefit-cost ratios are estimated using life-expectancies of the national pension old-age pensioners in Korea and a compared to whole nation. To obtain the ratios, future mortalities are estimated by multiplying the ratios of experienced mortalities for old-age pensioners to those of the whole nation and the future mortalities of the whole nation projected on an expanded CBD model. The results indicate that the life expectancies of old-age pensioners are longer than the whole nation that lead to higher benefit-cost ratios for old-age pensioners.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.29-37
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to estimate the cost and benefits of street trees for their planting types, specifically, single row, single row+bottom, double row, double row+bottom. Different planting types are compared and analyzed by using Net Present Value (NPV) and benefit-cost ratio (BCR). Existing data are collected from the literature reviews for the use of meta-analysis method for estimating cost and benefit. The elements for analyzing costs are management and planting costs, and benefits are air purification, energy saving and landscape view. The discount rate is applied at a minimum of 3% and a maximum of 5.5%. The unit used in this calculation is km/year. The result shows that the net benefit is highest in double row, followed by single row, double row+bottom, and single row+bottom. The BCR is the highest in double row, followed by single row, double row+bottom, and single row+bottom. The BCR reaches the break-even point from 9 to 17 years depending on the planting types.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.53-68
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• 2003

This study is an attempt to re-examination of information value and it´s economic efficiency from the viewpoint of information science. This study focuses on the analysis of the considerable discussions about added value of information and cost-benefit analysis of information. This study shows that the researches of information value or value-added information have dealt with the effect of information use and the measuring information efficiency concerns cost-benefit analysis of information services. A case study on ‘the national digital library program’ is also demonstrated as a pilot model for the cost-benefit analysis of information services.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1465-1468
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• 2006

Railway is superior to the other land transportation systems in aspects of environmental problems. Environmental problems are not considered during a preliminary feasibility study. Investment for railway is low because of low B/C(benefit/cost)ratio in the economical efficiency analysis during the preliminary feasibility study. The body of this paper studies the railway noise which can reflect environmental problems an assessment of environmental impact. The body of this paper studies the presumption of The Benefit Cost of railroad noise arresting it will be able to reflect the evaluation environmental matter of the effect which it gives to an environment.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 2009

This paper presents the economic validity with the cost/benefit analysis on establishing R&D Supreme Academy. To evaluate the profitability of R&D Supreme Academy, willingness to pay (WTP) is measured by contingent valuation method (CVM) and then the net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) and benefit/cost ratio(BCR) are calculated. The results of economic evaluation verified that the establishment of R&D Supreme Academy is timely and effective in an economic perspective.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.53-79
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• 2009

This study conducted a regulatory impact analysis regarding the introduction of the Korean version of REACH(Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals). The direct cost of the Korean REACH is estimated at a total of 101 billion Korean won over the 11 year period. The cost includes pre-registration, testing, registration, Chemical Safety Assessment(CSA) and Chemical Safety Report(CSR), evaluation, and the authorization costs of 15,223 chemical substances produced and imported more than 1 ton per year in Korea in 2006. With regard to the benefit, the only public health benefit is included in the estimation. Based on the available foreign and domestic data, this study estimated that the economic values of public health benefits are in the range of 33.2~138.6 billion Korean won if only the savings of the National Health Expenditures are considered and it reaches 203.9~1,640.3 billion Korean won if the willingness to pay(WTP) for disease prevention is included. This study proved that the Korean REACH passed the cost/benefit criteria. The benefit-cost ratio of the Korean REACH, however, is estimated to be lower than its EU counterpart. Thus it is suggested that a rigorous study to reduce the costs to industry be required before the Korean government introduces the Korean REACH.