• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2000.11a
• /
• pp.190-192
• /
• 2000

This paper presents an approach to B/C analysis amenable to evaluate the impact of DSM programs especially on the strategic conservation programs and the load management programs. The proposed approach embedding the existing B/C analyses is applicable to the new electricity market. Case studies show the B/C ratio and the avoided cost due to the impact of DSM programs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.17-22
• /
• 1995

In this study an attempt was made to evaluate the economics of dairy farming in selected areas of Bangladesh. Data from 20 randomly selected farms were collected by survey method. Results show that cross-bred cows were more in number (2.55) in those farms than that of local cows (0.65). The number of cross-bred cows increased as the farm sizes increased. The production of milk per cross-bred cow was higher (5.66 litres) than the local ones (2.23 litres). Highest (5.74 litres) milk yield per cross-bred cow was recorded in large farms. The average lactation period for crossbred cows was higher (304 days) than the local cows (210 days). In production cost of farms, concentrates took the highest share (35.19%) followed by labour charges (23.64%). The production cost and gross returns for mini dairy farms were higher in large farms (TK. 183,005 and TK. 187,544, respectively), compared to medium and small farms. The benefit-cost ratio of all farms was 1 : 1.03, indicating that mini dairy farming is economically profitable. In addition, each farm created an annual employment opportunity of 649.70 man-days which was met by both male and female labourers. The small farms employed more female family labourers while the large farms depended more on hired labourers. The expansion of dairy farming with cross-bred cows is suggested for accelerating income and employment opportunities in rural Bangladesh.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.349-356
• /
• 2011

This study, which evaluated the contribution of the real economic value and system in the Nakdong River Basin, estimated the emergy analysis for environmental accounting of the TMDL program. And an environmental accounting for TMDL is evaluated before and after adopting TMDL program respectively. The value of emergy after adopting the TMDL was 7.90 E+20 sej/yr. Although the real yield of the river after governmental investment was high (before: 9.7118 E+20 sej/yr and after: 9.7224 E+20 sej/yr), the effects of improvement was not great, in terms of an investment cost. The benefit/cost ratio resulted from environmental accounting has decreased from 1.493 to 1.230 due to the cost of managing treatment facilities. The method of improving water quality in the Nakdong River Basin by the TMDL program should be changed into an ecological treatment facilities using resources efficiently from a control of water quality depending on expansion of the wastewater treatment facilities and advanced treatment plant using high cost and non-renewable energies.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.411-420
• /
• 1996

Asia Triple HIn this study an attempt was made to determine the cost of producing fodders at Savar Dairy Farm (SDF). For this purpose, all seasonal fodders, such as Maize, Jowar, Cowpea and Oat and all perennial fodders, such as Para and Napier were studied. The highest acreage of land was allocated to high-land Para (33.8%) and the lowest acreage (2.7%) was devoted to Cowpea. Jowar attained the highest yield (74.2 tons) per hectare and Maize attained the lowest yield (25.8 tons/h). The highest cost per hectare was attributed to Jowar (TK. 20944.18) while the lowest cost was attributed to low-land para (TK. 10349.86). The cost of production of fodder per kilogram was the highest (TK. 0.66) for Maize and the lowest for Oat (TK. 0.24). The cost of production of low-land Para was much lower than that of high land Para. The per kilogram cost of silage production was the highest (TK. 0.71) for Maize and the lowest (TK. 0.31) was for Napier. The gross return analysis further showed that the highest net margin and B:C ratio were observed for Napier followed by Low-land Para, Jowar, Oat, Cowpea, High-land Para and Maize. Therefore, those fodders whose B:C ratios and yield/ha were higher should be allocated more area of land to stimulate increased returns to SDF in the future is suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.209-234
• /
• 2008

According to increasing the benefits from public libraries, there are many studies for measuring the library value. This study presents a methodology for measuring use value of the public library in terms of time value, surplus value of alternative service, value of library service, and overall value of library. The cost-benefit ratio of the time value compared to library's annual budget is 11:1, and the cost-benefit ratio of the overall library value was measured by user's WTP is 0.3:1. This study proposed the method for measuring use value of the public library according to the process, the results of these measurments for each value and the factors affecting the values.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.137-144
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to measure the cost-benefit of a road construction project in Vietnam through international development cooperation, which includes private grants and Official Development Assistance(ODA). In developing countries, it is difficult and costly to use data on markets, the CVM(Contingent Valuation Method) to measure the WTP(Willingness-to-Pay) as the benefits of road construction are used. A total of 232 villagers in 16 villages of Lao Cai Province in Northern Vietnam have been surveyed. It is found that the Benefit-Cost Ratio(B/C) in all 3 models are found to be well over 1.0, ranging from 2.8 to 3.64 with the discount rate of 0.06. These BC ratios imply the road construction project in Lao Cai can be justified. Also, it is found that the shortened travel time is the most relevant factor for WTP among direct benefits and the enhanced academic achievement of the children is the most relevant factor among indirect benefits, due to easier and faster access to schools, which in turn increase the school attendance rate. The result of this study can be used to justify other similar projects in Vietnam, even though the benefits may have to be reassessed in other countries.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
• /
• v.2 no.2 s.4
• /
• pp.59-74
• /
• 2000

Because efficiency of the 1st-phase NGIS investment(1995-2000) has not been clearly measured, the action taken in the 2nd-phase NGIS project requires NGIS budgets to be evaluated in terms of effectiveness. Especially, the effective investments in local governments are critical for the NGIS projects, because they execute the much larger amount of budgets in total than other GIS projects. As indicated, for the successful NGIS implementation, it is important to obtain continuous political and financial supports from decision makers. As a persuasion measure for the budget appropriation, CBA(Cost-Benefit Analysis) and CEA(Cost-Efficiency Analysis) can play an important role for the decision makers. The major concern of this paper is how to measure the costs and benefits of the GIS implementation by considering important characteristics of the GIS projects in local governments, and existing theories are reviewed for this concern. The GISs in local governments can have different stages in terms of its evolution and the effectiveness of the applications can be represented variously. To identify categories for measuring costs and benefits of the various GISs, case studies and success stories are reviewed from both the foreign and domestic research. The categories of costs and benefits are determined from the tangible and intangible aspects. The categories for the quantitative and qualitative measure are proposed to evaluate the GISs in local governments. After measuring costs and benefits, three key evaluation methods in cost-benefit analysis are suggested as follows: 1) the benefit: cost ratio (B/C), 2) Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and 3) the net present values (NPV) of the costs and benefits. The sensitivity and uncertainty analysis are also helpful to make a decision for the GIS budget appropriation in local governments. In conclusion, although cost-benefit analysis is not an easy undertaking, it is certain that it can play an important role in the future for the GIS funding decisions in local governments.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.175-200
• /
• 2016

As a part of the feasibility study of constructing the Maritime and Ocean Digital Library, we focused to examine the basic economic feasibility of the library in this study. In order to achieve the purpose, we analyzed related governmental policies, investigated the demand of the digital library, and tested the economic feasibility. As the tools of economic test, we calculated the size of benefit by Contingent Valuation Method, and estimated the Benefit/Cost Ratio, Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return. As the result, we could get an assessment of positive economic feasibility mainly from the quite high level of WTP for the Maritime and Ocean Digital Library.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.657-679
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this paper is to measure economic impact of marine environment conservation research development project. Benefit-Cost(B/C) analysis and Contingent Valuation Methods(CVM) are used to valuate the benefits from the research development projects. A period of three years for research development fund is considered as a part of the costs and adjusted to the net present value (NPV) of the 2002 ending period. The environmental charges for marine environment improvement are considered for the benefit measurement. The benefits are estimated by using monthly average willingness to pay, which is 2,289 Korean won. The contribution of the developing a management model for environmental pollution in the Gwangyang Bay is evaluated utilizing survey data and information. Based on the assessment by expert groups, the contribution of the model was 37.5％. The research results showed that B/C ratio is 20.61, NPV is 89,200 million Korean won, and social rate of return is 185.7％. When the level of contribution is over 1.83％ at the assessment of potential influence, it is recognized to be economically feasible. This research presents a quantitative framework for Research and Development projects for marine environment conservation, and it can be applied to decision making for the investment size of R&D projects.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.660-670
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to elaborate the logical configuration of livelihood benefits for the institutionalized recipients under the renewed custom-tailored benefit system of National Basic Livelihood Security System(NBLSS) and to present appropriate level of benefits in terms of coherency of the system. In July 2015, the NBLSS was reformed to adopt a relative level of benefit standard for the general recipients according to certain amount of ratio of standard median income. However, the benefit for the institutionalized recipients was still based on the cost of necessities of absolute poverty level. It is at this juncture that this study suggests livelihood benefits for the institutionalized recipients reflect standard median income to comply with the reform of the NBLSS. To this end, this study firstly derives basic living items for the institutionalized recipients based on the literature review and FGI. Secondly, it calculates the reflection ratio of livelihood benefits utilizing Household Trend Survey's consumption data under 40%. Finally, it applies equivalence scale of households to adjust the under-represented scale for large size institutions. To continue the reflection ratio method, it is necessary to review the consumption trends and the stability of the reflection ratio periodically.