• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.654-661
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• 2017

Dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization karyotype analysis was created using repetitive sequences including two types of rDNA repeats (45S and 5S rDNAs) and Arabidopsis-type telomere sequence repeats. The somatic metaphase cells of Carthamus tinctorius were observed as diploids (2n=2x=24). A symmetrical or slightly asymmetrical karyotype with seven pairs of metacentric and five pairs of submetacentric chromosomes was observed. The lengths of the somatic metaphase chromosomes ranged from 4.18 to $6.53{\mu}m$, with a total length of $60.71{\mu}m$. One locus of 45S rDNA was located on the pericentromeric regions of three pairs of chromosomes and the other pair was situated on the terminal regions of the short arms of a single pair of chromosomes. One locus of 5S rDNA was detected on the interstitial regions of the short arms of two pairs of chromosomes. Arabidopsis-type telomeric repeats were detected on the terminal regions of all pairs of chromosomes. Co-localization of loci between telomeric repeats and 45S rDNA was observed in a single pair of chromosomes. The results provide additional information for the existing physical mapping project of C. tinctorius and will also serve as a benchmark to a more intricate cytogenetic investigation of C. tinctorius and its related species.

• 생태와환경
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.70-78
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• 2017

화산습지는 경북 군위와 영천 경계의 산정 분지 (표고 644~780 m)에 위치한다. Z.-M. 학파의 식물사회학적 방법으로 현장 식생조사가 이루어졌고, 현존식생도가 제작되었다. 단위식생의 출현종의 행동양식은 피도와 상대기여도를 이용하여 분석하였다. 버드나무하위군락, 전형하위군락, 산돌배하위군락으로 이루어진 오리나무-백당나무군락이 처음으로 기재되었다. 오리나무 우점림에 대한 선행 기재단위식생 (오리나무-진퍼리새군락, 오리나무-일본갈매나무군집, 버드나무-신나무군집 등)과의 군락분류학적, 군락동태학적 대응성이 논의되었다. 본 군락은 오리나무군강(Alnetea japonicae)에 귀속되고 산간 계류 선상지에서의 분지상(分地狀) 범람원 습생림으로 규정되었다. 화산습지의 잠재자연식생이고 증거 식생형으로서 식생보존등급 [I]의 자연식생으로 평가되었다. 입지의 수리수문 환경조건의 극적인 변화(건생화 및 부영양화)로부터 국가적 보호 전략이 요구되었다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2015

Base isolation is considered as a seismic protective system in the design of next generation Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs). If seismic isolation devices are installed in nuclear power plants then the safety under a seismic load of the power plant may be improved. However, with respect to some equipment, seismic risk may increase because displacement may become greater than before the installation of a seismic isolation device. Therefore, it is estimated to be necessary to select equipment in which the seismic risk increases due to an increase in the displacement by the installation of a seismic isolation device, and to perform research on the seismic performance of each piece of equipment. In this study, modified NRC-BNL benchmark models were used for seismic analysis. The numerical models include representations of isolation devices. In order to validate the numerical piping system model and to define the failure mode, a quasi-static loading test was conducted on the piping components before the analysis procedures. The fragility analysis was performed by using the results of the inelastic seismic response analysis. Inelastic seismic response analysis was carried out by using the shell finite element model of a piping system considering internal pressure. The implicit method was used for the direct integration time history analysis. In addition, the collapse load point was used for the failure mode for the fragility analysis.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1251-1267
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• 2016

In this paper, Simple Adaptive Control (SAC) is used to enhance the seismic response of nonlinear tall buildings based on acceleration feedback. Semi-active MR dampers are employed as control actuator due to their reliability and well-known dynamic models. Acceleration feedback is used because of availability, cost-efficiency and reliable measurements of acceleration sensors. However, using acceleration feedback in the control loop causes the structure not to apparently meet some requirements of the SAC algorithm. In addition to defining an appropriate SAC reference model and using inherently stable MR dampers, a modification in the original structure of the SAC is proposed in order to improve its adaptability to the situation in which the plant does not satisfy the algorithm's stability requirements. To investigate the performance of the developed control system, a numerical study is conducted on the benchmark 20-story nonlinear building and the responses of the SAC-controlled structure are compared to an $H_2/LQG$ clipped-optimal controller under the effect of different seismic excitations. As indicated by the results, SAC controller effectively reduces the story drifts and hence the seismically-induced damage throughout the structural members despite its simplicity, independence of structural parameters and while using fewer number of dampers in contrast with the $H_2/LQG$ clipped-optimal controller.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.117-134
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• 2020

Over recent years, the interest for vegetables and fruits in all seasons and places has much increased, from where diverse countries have directed to the commercial production in greenhouse. In this article, we propose an algorithm based on wireless sensor network technologies that monitor the microclimate inside a greenhouse and linear equations model for optimization plant production and material cost. Moreover, we also suggest a novel design of an intelligent greenhouse. We validate our algorithms with simulations on a benchmark based on experimental data made at lNRA of Montfavet in France. Finally, we calculate the statistical estimators RMSE, TSSE, MAPE, EF and R². The results obtained are promising, which shows the efficiency of our proposed system.

• 에너지공학
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to develop an entrainment model of the Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) U-tube Steam Generator (SG) for Main Steam Line Break (MSLB) analyses. Generally, the temperature of the inside containment vessel at MSLB is decreased by introducing the liquid entrainment effect. This effect makes a profit on the aspect of integrity evaluation for Equipment Environmental Qualification (EEQ) in the containment. However, the target plant, Kori unit 1 does not have the entrainment data. Therefore, this study has been performed. RETRAN-3D and LOFTRAN computer programs are used for the model development. There are several parameters that are used for the initial benchmark, such as Combustion Engineerings (CE) experimental data and the RETRAN-3D model which describes the test leg. A sensitivity study is then performed with this model in which the model parameters are varied until the calculated results provide reasonable agreement with the measured results for the entire test set. Finally, a multiplication factor has been obtained from the 95/95 values of the calculated (best-estimate) quality data relative to the measured quality data. With this new methodology, an additional temperature margin of about 40$^{\circ}C$ can be obtained. So, the new methodology is found to have an explicit advantage to EQ analyses.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2015

Combustion instability is a major issue in design and maintenance of gas turbine combustors for efficient operation with low emissions. With the thermoacoustic view point the instability is induced by the interaction of the unsteady heat release of the combustion process and the change in the acoustic pressure in the combustion chamber. In an effort to study the combustion dynamics of gas turbine combustors, Morgans et al (2014) have developed OSCILOS (open source combustion instability low order simulator) code and it is currently available online. In this study the code has been utilized to predict the combustion instability of a reported case for lean premixed gas turbine combustion, and then its prediction results have been compared with the corresponding experimental data. It turned out that both the predicted and the experimental combustion instability results agree well. Further the effects of some typical inlet acoustic boundary conditions on the prediction have been investigated briefly. It is believed that the validity and effectiveness of the open source code is reconfirmed through this benchmark test.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.943-948
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• 2017

현재, 특정한 응용분야에 적합하도록 설계된 임베디드 시스템이 가전제품, 스마트폰, 자율주행 자동차, 로봇, 공장제어 등의 분야에 광범위하게 쓰이고 있다. 아울러, 임베디드 시스템을 구성하는 임베디드 프로세서의 성능에 지대한 영향을 미치는 DRAM의 중요성이 날로 증가되어, DRAM에 대한 연구가 산업계와 학계에서 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 모의실험을 통하여 임베디드 프로세서의 성능을 평가할 때 신뢰할만한 결과를 얻기 위하여, 보다 정확한 DRAM 모델을 갖추는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 이것을 위하여, DRAM 시뮬레이터와 연동할 수 있는 임베디드 프로세서 모의실험기를 개발하였다. 그리고, MiBench 임베디드 벤치마크를 입력으로, 싸이클 단위로 정확하게 동작하는 DRAM 모델이 임베디드 프로세서의 성능에 끼치는 영향을 분석하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권11호
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• pp.3653-3664
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• 2021

In PWR three-dimensional transient coupling calculation software CORCA-K, the nodal Green's function method and diagonal implicit Runge Kutta method are used to solve the spatiotemporal neutron dynamic diffusion equation, and the single-phase closed channel model and one-dimensional cylindrical heat conduction transient model are used to calculate the coolant temperature and fuel temperature. The LMW, NEACRP and PWR MOX/UO₂ benchmarks and FangJiaShan (FJS) nuclear power plant (NPP) transient control rod move cases are used to verify the CORCA-K. The effects of burnup, fuel effective temperature and ejection rate on the control rod ejection process of PWR are analyzed. The conclusions are as follows: (1) core relative power and fuel Doppler temperature are in good agreement with the results of benchmark and ADPRES, and the deviation between with the reference results is within 3.0% in LMW and NEACRP benchmarks; 2) the variation trend of FJS NPP core transient parameters is consistent with the results of SMART and ADPRES. And the core relative power is in better agreement with the SMART when weighting coefficient is 0.7. Compared with SMART, the maximum deviation is -5.08% in the rod ejection condition and while -5.09% in the control rod complex movement condition.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 1997

화학 공정을 계속적으로 감시함으로써 공정의 이상이 장치의 고장 또는 폭발에 이르지 않도록 조기에 이상을 감시하는 기술은 공장 조업의 안정성과 생산성의 측면에서 볼 때 매우 중요하다 최근, DCS와 같은 공정 정보 시스템이 널리 보급됨에 따라서 방대한 양의 데이터들을 해석해서 실시간으로 공정을 감시하고 진단할 수 있는 기반이 마련되었다. 본 연구에서는 계층적 분해 기법과 PCA에 기반을 둔 공장 규모의 실시간 감시 기법을 제안한다. 대형 공정을 효율적으로 모니터링 하기 위하여 전체 공정은 몇 개의 군으로 나뉘며 또한 이 군은 다시 몇 개의 하위 군으로 세분하게 된다. 이렇게 전체 공정을 분해하여 계층적인 공정 모델을 구성함으로써, 전체 공정의 조업 상황을 감시할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 이상이 발생했을 시에는 하위 계층의 조업 상황을 고려하여 보다 자세한 이상 원인을 진단할 수 있다. 또한 각 세부 단위 공정들에 대한 조업 정보를 포함하고 있는 하위 모델들과 전체 조업 전반에 관한 정보를 지닌 전체 모델을 통하여 공정 이상을 조기에 감시함으로써 이상이 전파를 방지할 수 있다. 이러한 실시간 감시 및 진단 기법을 구현학 Idnl하여 기존의 SPC와 다변량 통계 기법의 하나인 PCA를 적용하였으며, 제안한 방법의 감시 및 진단 성능을 평가하기 위하여 41개의 측정 변수를 가진 Tennessee Eastman 공정에 대하여 전산 모사를 수행하였다. 세 가지 경우에 대하여 적용한 결과들은 이상의 신속한 감지와 믿을만한 원인 진단 능력을 보여 주었다.