• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

This paper introduces the design, casting, and sound evaluation results of the Great Bell of 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics. The Olympic Bell was manufactured to announce the opening of the successful Winter Olympics in the world with a grand sound. The bell was designed to the dynamic shape to give a grand and harmonious sound in consideration of the global sports festival. In this study, the performance of the beat making the sound magnificent and the harmony of the bell sound were quantitatively evaluated using acoustical factors. Beat maps were investigated to understand the directivity of the beating sound. The purpose of the research is to present the production technique of a traditional Korean bell that has a dynamic shape and a grand and harmonious sound.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.1214-1229
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• 2013

Maintaining our tradition makes us have pride for our nation and plays important role for recognition and establishment of identity for our unique culture in the world. Contrast to the western scientific technique, the scientific technique of Silla Bell absorbed in the life of our nation is the fruit of wisdom science found through rich life and experience by harmony between our nation and nature. Today, ideological backgrounds for many cultural heritages weren't be found and there are many overflowing hypothesis. Silla Bell is the plastic art including cumulative utopia of the racial spirit. So there would be the information of the racial spirit including symbolization, artistry, creativity, and historicity. However, unlikely with the words, it is the profoundly concentrated shape, so the meaning can be diluted or distorted in later generation. The efforts to figure out the symbolization in Korean bells, especially Silla bell according to its exclusive shape, but no hypothesis was accepted as an established theory of academia by gaining extensive agreements. Thus this paper traces the symbolic meaning accumulated in the shape and prepares for the theoretical background accessing to the artistic spirit of forebears who created super-humanity formativeness. Also regarding the Silla bell which is regarded as the best Buddhist metal craft that people believe they can be free from the anguish at the time of listening to its sound, we studied the symbolization of the bell as the religious ritual custom as well as the possibility to utilize the bell as a motif of living art in the aspect of formative expression.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.604-607
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• 2014

The Seongdeok Divine Bell(nicknamed "Emile Bell") represents the bell of the Silla dynasty. However, ringing it was stopped since 2003 for the safety of the bell. Currently, Kyungju city is performing a project casting a new great bell(tentatively named "Great Bell of Silla") that inherits the beautiful appearance and the sound of the Seongdeok Divine Bell in order to ring a new coming millenium. The new bell is designed to be almost same as the Seongdeok Divine Bell in terms of size, weight and shape as well as its sound. In this study, we investigate the problems occurring in the design of the bell structure and propose the design strategy for the reconstruction of the traditional large bells.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.804-806
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• 2007

The usual arithmetic operations on real numbers can be extended to arithmetical operations on fuzzy intervals by means of Zadeh's extension principle based on a t-norm T. Dombi and Gyorbiro proved that addition is closed if the Dombi t-norm is used with two bell-shaped fuzzy intervals. Recently, Hong [Fuzzy Sets and Systems 158(2007) 739-746] defined a broader class of bell-shaped fuzzy intervals. Then he study t-norms which are consistent with these particular types of fuzzy intervals as applications of a result proved by Mesiar on a strict f-norm based shape preserving additions of LR-fuzzy intervals with unbounded support. In this note, we give a direct proof of the main results of Hong.

• 한국데이터정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.81-95
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• 2006

The usual arithmetic operations on real numbers can be extended to arithmetical operations on fuzzy intervals by means of Zadeh's extension principle based on a t-norm T. A t-norm is called consistent with respect to a class of fuzzy intervals for some arithmetic operation if this arithmetic operation is closed for this class. It is important to know which t-norms are consistent with a particular type of fuzzy intervals. Recently Dombi and Gyorbiro proved that addition is closed if the Dombi t-norm is used with two bell-shaped fuzzy intervals. A result proved by Mesiar on a strict t-norm based shape preserving additions of LR-fuzzy intervals with unbounded support is recalled. As applications, we define a broader class of bell-shaped fuzzy intervals. Then we study t-norms which are consistent with these particular types of fuzzy intervals. Dombi and Gyorbiro's results are special cases of the results described in this paper.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1681-1684
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• 2006

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2012.04a
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• pp.929-932
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• 2012

Beat map shows the distribution property of the beating sound in the bell structure. Using the beat map, beat control and beat estimation are available. To draw the beat map, mode pair parameters of the bell are required. However, in case of large bell which is struck by a heavy wooden hammer, it is very difficult to measure the excitation force and to obtain the mode pair parameters. In this paper, we determined the mode pair parameters of the bell from the transmissibility between the roving signal and reference signal, using ODS(operational deflection shape) method. The mode pair data are input to the theoretical model of the beat response and beating waves are generated on the bell circumference. All the numerical and beat map drawing procedures are automatized using Matlab. Finally, the reliability of the beat map generated by the program is verified.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.24
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• pp.55-74
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• 2020

The Sacred Bell of Great King Seongdeok is required digital precision recording of conservation conditions because of corrosion and partial abrasion of its patterns and inscriptions. Therefore, this study performed digital documentation of the bell using four types of scanning and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry technologies, and performed the various shape analyses through image processing. The modeling results of terrestrial laser scanning and UAV photogrammetry were merged and utilized as basic material for monitoring earthquake-induced structural deformation because these techniques can construct mutual spatial relationships between the bell and its tower. Additionally, precision scanning at a resolution four to nine times higher than that of the previous study provided highly valuable information, making it possible to visualize the patterns and inscriptions of the bell. Moreover, they are well-suited as basic data for identifying surface conservation conditions. To actively apply three-dimensional scanning results to the conservation of the original bell, the time and position of any changes in shape need to be established by further scans in the short-term. If no change in shape is detected by short-term monitoring, the monitoring should continue in medium- and long-term intervals.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.120-126
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• 2010

As the importance of an historical area is getting increased in these days, the reconstruction of an bell chamber in Namhansansung has significant historial, educational and cultural meaning. The purpose of this study, as a study on an bell chamber in Namhansansung, is to assume an original location of the bell chamber and identify the size and shape of the original bell chamber through literature study, site inspection, and analysis on old maps. In addition, this study could provide useful information when new bell chamber is constructed. According to the literature study, site inspections(5 times) and analysis on old maps, the original bell chamber is assumed to locate near current Oroji tea house at the rotary, where was in the area of Hanggung. With regard to the traffic system, it is assume that there was an old road along with the current local road No.342 connecting the South Gate with North Gate and a Y or T shape intersection connecting the site of old bell chamber with the north. In addition, there was a government office street from the old bell chamber to Hanggung. The shape of old bell chamber is assumed to have Paljak or Woojingak roof. Samo roof was not found in all the five maps. Regarding the direction of bell chamber, three maps indicate that it faces the East and two maps show that it faces the South. Therefore, it is assumed that the length and width of the roof have similar size. However, a new bell chamber should face the East, which is the same direction with Hanggung. As there is a record which states that a bell in the Cheonheoungsa, Seonggeosan, Cheonan was used as a Namhansansung's bell when the Cheonheoungsa was closed, this study suggests that new Namansansung's bell should be built, considering histroical value and artistry of Cheonheoungsa's bell. This study is a basic research for the reconstruction of Namhansansung in 2009. However, as reconstruction of historical assets should be based on thorough historical evidences. Therefore, more detail researches by a indicator analysis are left for the topic of future studies.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.428-439
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• 2011

It is well known that the sound characteristics of Korean bell depend on the shape and the alloy constituents. Development of the methods to acquire exact shape data and alloy constituents of the whole body of the bell is very important for the study and systematic management of Korean bells. The practical scanning and modeling methods to get shape data from optical triangulation laser scanners are proposed. The 3D shape data by the proposed methods can be the basis of diverse measurements such as curvature, volume, thickness and the distance between any two points. A nondestructive alloy constituents measuring method which can overcome the limitations of partial data collection and damages to Korean bells is also suggested to get the whole alloy characteristics. Following the developed methods, the data of the shapes and alloy constituents of 18 Korean bells are collected and the errors of existing measurement data for the shape have been corrected.