• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.206-218
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• 1999

Relapse is one of the most serious problem in alcoholism treatment area. But there is no proper post-treatment management program for preventing relapse in Korea. The purposes of this study are the analysis of several alcoholism treatment programs and recommendation about consideration for developing our alcoholism treatment program to prevent relapse in our country. Five different alcoholism treatment programs were collected for this study, two programs were collected by participant observation and three were collected by instruction manuals, references, and briefing materials. The followings are the criteria for this analysis of the five treatment programs. 1. the specific characteristics of the treatment program 2. the criterion of the patients, the duration and period (or the treatment, the special activities, and goals of the treatment. 3. the common characteristics of the five treatments. The common characteristics of those treatment programs are; 1 preparation for post-treatment from the beginning of the treatment (hospitalization) 2. assessment of relapse related factors 3. assessment of the relapse-warning signs 4. development and plan of individualized intervention strategy 5. practice of the plan The common characteristics of those treatment programs are 1. groups are classified the recovery training groups and the self-help groups 2 all kind of treatment programs carried out as groups rather than individuals. 3. usefulness which apply to various settings and various types 4. multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approach As results, those programs were developed as post-detoxication management program, follow up program, and continued care program and their theoretical framework was from social learning theory. Those programs used the principles of cognitive-behavioral therapy for the classes, groups, and social skill training. These finding can be used for developing culturally appropriate alcoholism treatment programs focused on relapse prevention.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2004

Objective:The present study examined the association between basic neurocognitive functions and emotional recognition in chronic schizophrenia. Furthermore, to Investigate cognitive variable related to emotion recognition in Schizophrenia. Methods:Forty eight patients from the Yongin Psychiatric Rehabilitation Center were evaluated for neurocognitive function, and Emotional Recognition Test which has four subscales finding emotional clue, discriminating emotions, understanding emotional context and emotional capacity. Measures of neurocognitive functioning were selected based on hypothesized relationships to perception of emotion. These measures included:1) Letter Number Sequencing Test, a measure of working memory;2) Word Fluency and Block Design, a measure of executive function;3) Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Korean version, a measure of verbal memory;4) Digit Span, a measure of immediate memory;5) Span of Apprehension Task, a measure of early visual processing, visual scanning;6) Continuous Performance Test, a measure of sustained attention functioning. Correlation analyses between specific neurocognitive measures and emotional recognition test were made. To examine the degree to which neurocognitive performance predicting emotional recognition, hierarchical regression analyses were also made. Results:Working memory, and verbal memory were closely related with emotional discrimination. Working memory, Span of Apprehension and Digit Span were closely related with contextual recognition. Among cognitive measures, Span of Apprehension, Working memory, Digit Span were most important variables in predicting emotional capacity. Conclusion:These results are relevant considering that emotional information processing depends, in part, on the abilities to scan the context and to use immediate working memory. These results indicated that mul- tifaceted cognitive training program added with Emotional Recognition Task(Cognitive Behavioral Rehabilitation Therapy added with Emotional Management Program) are promising.

• 약학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.442-452
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• 1993

Previous experimental and clinical investigations suggest a possible role of new nootropic drug, oxiracetam, in improving cognitive performances in patients affected by organic brain syndrome. In this study, the cognitive and behavioral effects of oxiracetam treatment in patients with clinical symptoms of organic brain syndrome were evaluated. Sixty-six patients were enrolled and assigned to either oxiracetam or placebo, according to a randomized, double-blind design between two patient-groups. Either oxiracetam or placebo was orally given bid for 8 weeks ; daily dose of oxiracetam was 1600mg. All the patients, enrolled in this study, were diagnosed as having mild to moderate cognitive dysfunction as defined by a baseline Mini Mental State ExaminationKorean version (MMSE-K) score between 14 and 25. The patients under-went, at baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after, routine laboratory study (CBC, SMA12, U/A, EKG) and the following neuropsychological tests ; MMSE-K, modified Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale(MKWIS), Nurses' Observation Scale for Geriatric patients(NOSGER). Fifteen patients of whom were dropped out or excluded from the analysis because of poor compliance or violation of the protocol. Fiftyone patients (aged 54~78 years, male 25, female 26) were analyzed (vascular dementia, 30 ; senile dementia of Alzheimer type, 9 ; mixed type, 5 ; other cause, 7). Statistical analysis of the data demonstrated that the two groups were comparable at baseline. At the end of each study period the oxiracetam group scored significantly better on the majority of the tests evaluating cognitive function, psychometricity and the improvement rating scale of subjective symptoms than placebo group, in which worsening trends or no changes were seen on the whole. No side effects were noted during oxiracetam treatment. The present study, showing positive clinical findings after oxiracetam therapy, confirmed that this drug can be useful pharmacological treatment in organic brain syndrome.

• 센서학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2020

It is difficult to control children who exhibit negative behavior in dental clinics. Various methods are used for preventing pediatric dental patients from being afraid and for eliminating the factors that cause psychological anxiety. However, when it is difficult to apply this routine behavioral control technique, sedation therapy is used to provide quality treatment. When the sleep anesthesia treatment is performed at the dentist's clinic, it is challenging to identify emergencies using the current breath detection method. When a dentist treats a patient that is under the influence of an anesthetic, the patient is unconscious and cannot immediately respond, even if the airway is blocked, which can cause unstable breathing or even death in severe cases. During emergencies, respiratory instability is not easily detected with first aid using conventional methods owing to time lag or noise from medical devices. Therefore, abnormal breathing needs to be evaluated in real-time using an intuitive method. In this paper, we propose a method for identifying abnormal breathing in real-time using an intuitive method. Respiration signals were measured using a 3M Littman electronic stethoscope when the patient's posture was supine. The characteristics of the signals were analyzed by applying the signal processing theory to distinguish abnormal breathing from normal breathing. By applying a short-time Fourier transform to the respiratory signals, the frequency range for each patient was found to be different, and the frequency of abnormal breathing was distributed across a broader range than that of normal breathing. From the wavelet transform, time-frequency information could be identified simultaneously, and the change in the amplitude with the time could also be determined. When the difference between the amplitude of normal breathing and abnormal breathing in the time domain was very large, abnormal breathing could be identified.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.12-20
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• 2000

The memory of pain can be more damaging than its initial experience. Several factors arc related the directions of pain memory: current pain intensity, emotion, expectation of pain, and peak intensity of previous pain. The possible mechanisms behind the memory of pain are neuroplastic changes of nervous system via peripheral and central sensitization. Peripheral sensitization is induced by neurohumoral alterations at the site of injury and nearby. Biochemicals such as K+, prostaglandins, bradykinin, substance P, histamine and serotonin, increase transduction and produce continuous nociceptive input. Central sensitization takes place within the dorsal horn of spinal cord and amplifies the nociceptive input from the periphery. The mechanisms of central sensitization involve a variety of transmitters and postsynaptic mechanisms resulting from the activations of NMDA receptors by glutamate. and activation of NK-1 tachykinnin receptors by substance-P and neurokinnin. The clinical result of peripheral and central sensitization is hyperalgesia, allodynia, spontaneous pain, referred pain, or sympathetically maintained pain. These persistent sensory responses to noxious stimuli arc a form of memory. The hypothesis of preemptive analgesia is that analgesia administered before the painful stimulus will prevent or reduce subsequent pain and analgesic requirements in comparison to the identical analgesic intervention administered after the painful stimulus, by preventing or reducing the memory of pain in the nervous system. Conventionally, pain management was initiated following noxious stimuli such as surgery. More recently, however many have endorsed preemptive analgesia initiated before surgery. Treatments to control postsurgical pain are often best started before injury activates peripheral nociceptors and triggers central sensitization. Such preemption is not achieved solely by regional anesthesia and drug therapy but also requires behavioral interventions to decrease anxiety or stress. Although the benefit of preemptive analgesia may not be obvious in every circumstance, and in many cases may not sufficient to abolish central sensitization, it is an appropriate and human goal of clinical practice.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.13-29
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the effects of non-pharmacological interventions on sleep disturbance amongst adults aged 55 and above. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CINAHL and several Korean databases were searched. The main search strategy combined terms including non-pharmacological interventions and presence of insomnia. Non-pharmacological interventions included cognitive behavioral therapy, auricular acupuncture, aromatherapy, and emotional freedom techniques. Methodological quality was assessed using Cochrane's Risk of Bias for randomized studies and Risk of Bias Assessment tool for non randomized studies. Data were analyzed by the RevMan 5.3 program of Cochrane Library. Results: Sixteen clinical trials met the inclusion criteria with a total of 962 participants. Non-pharmacological interventions was conducted for a mean of 5.5 weeks, 7.7 sessions, and an average of 70 minutes per session. The effects of non-pharmacological interventions on sleep quality (ES=-1.18), sleep efficiency (ES=-1.14), sleep onset latency (ES=-0.88), awakening time after sleep onset (ES=-0.87), and sleep belief (ES=-0.71) were significant, and their effect sizes were ranged from moderate to large. However, the effects on total sleep time and insomnia severity were not significant. Conclusion: The findings of the current study suggest that non-pharmacological interventions have a positive impact on attitudes and beliefs about sleep, sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleep efficiency. Therefore, the findings of the study provide an evidence to incorporate various non-pharmacological interventions into nursing practice to improve both sleep quality and quantity in patients with insomnia.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.269-276
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• 2013

본 연구는 부모의 게슈탈트적 언어중재를 통한 유창성장애인의 유창성 개선에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 실시하였다. 부모의 게슈탈트적 언어중재 과정은 유창성장애인의 말더듬 행동에 대한 이해, 자각, 변화, 적응 그리고 유지단계로 실시하였다. 연구 대상은 신경학적 손상이나 다른 언어 및 발달 장애가 없는 유창성장애인 6명(여성 2명, 남성 4명)으로 하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 부모의 게슈탈트적 언어중재 후 유창성장애인의 말더듬 빈도는 감소하였다. 대상자 모두 비정상적인 유창성 중 단어부분 반복이 치료 전에는 가장 많이 빈도를 나타내었으나 치료 후에는 가장 적은 빈도를 나타내어 개선을 보였다. 그러므로 부모의 게슈탈트적 언어중재는 유창성장애인의 말더듬 빈도를 감소시키며 행동을 긍정적 방향으로 개선시키데 효과가 있었다.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.7-21
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of learned helplessness and self-care agency in dialysis patients and the relationship between learned helplessness and self-care agency. The subjects were 168 dialysis patients who were undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis from 1 university hospital, 1 hospital, 1 hemodialysis center in Seoul, 1 hospital in Incheon, Korea. The data were collected with two interview questionnaires which were Learned Helplessness Scale (LHS) and Self-as-Carer Inventory (SCI). The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and t-test, One-way ANOVA and Pearson Correlation with SPSSWIN program. Results were obtained as follows : 1) The mean scores of learned were 45.93(range 20-80). The mean learned helplessness scores of peritoneal dialysis patient and hemodialysis (HD) patient were not different significantly. However by the aging process, the mean scores of learned helplessness has a tendency to get higher and who had a job were likely to low score of learned helplessness. 2) The mean scores of self-care agency were 142.48 (range 33-198). The mean self-care agency scores of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patient much higher than the score of it with hemodialysis. The score of self-care agency were significantly different between peritoneal dialysis patient and hemodialysis patient. The patients who have job were likely to be higher score of self-care agency than other groups. 3) There was significant relationship between the score of learned helplessness and self-care agency. In conclusion, there was an inverse relationship between learned helplessness and self-care agency in dialysis patients. Considering this, the high level of learned helplessness of dialysis patients should be intervened by nurse with a well developed edicational program or cognitive behavioral therapy.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2014

Background: Neuromodulation therapy has been used to an adjunctive treatment promoting motor recovery in stroke patients. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on neurobehavioral recovery and evoked potentials in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion. Methods: Seventy Sprague-Daley rats were induced permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) stroke model and successful stroke rats (n=56) assigned to the rTMS (n=28) and sham (n=28) group. The 10 Hz, high frequency rTMS gave on ipsilesional forepaw motor cortex during 2 weeks in rTMS group. The somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) and motor evoked potential (MEP) were used to evaluate the electrophysiological changes. Behavioral function of the stroke rat was evaluated by the Rota rod and Garcia test. Results: Forty rats ($N_{rTMS}=20;\;N_{sham}=20$) completed all experimental course. The rTMS group showed better performance than sham group in Rota rod test and Garcia test at day 11 (p<0.05) but not day 18 (p>0.05). The amplitude of MEP and SSEP in rTMS group was larger than sham group at day 18 (p<0.05). Conclusions: These data confirm that the high frequency rTMS on ipsilesional cerebral motor cortex can help the early recovery of motor performance in permanent middle cerebral artery stroke model and it may simultaneously associate with changes in neurophysiological activity in brain.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2012

Background: Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain due to disorder in the peripheral or central nervous system with different pathophysiological mechanisms. Current treatments are not effective. Analgesic drugs combined can reduce pain intensity and side effects. Here, we studied the analgesic effect of nimesulide, nefopam, and morphine with different mechanisms of action alone and in combination with other drugs in chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain. Methods: Male Wistar rats (n = 8) weighing 150-200 g were divided into 3 different groups: 1- Saline-treated CCI group, 2- Saline-treated sham group, and 3- Drug-treated CCI groups. Nimesulide (1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg), nefopam (10, 20, and 30 mg/kg), and morphine (1, 3, and 5 mg/kg) were injected 30 minutes before surgery and continued daily to day 14 post-ligation. In the combination strategy, a nonanalgesic dose of drugs was used in combination such as nefopam + morphine, nefopam + nimesulide, and nimesulide + morphine. Von Frey filaments for mechanical allodynia and acetone test for cold allodynia were, respectively, used as pain behavioral tests. Experiments were performed on day 0 (before surgery) and days 1, 3, 5, 7,10, and 14 post injury. Results: Nefopam (30 mg/kg) and nimesulide (5 mg/kg) blocked mechanical and thermal allodynia; the analgesic effects of morphine (5 mg/kg) lasted for 7 days. Allodynia was completely inhibited in combination with nonanalgesic doses of nefopam (10 mg/kg), nimesulide (1.25 mg/kg), and morphine (3 mg/kg). Conclusions: It seems that analgesic drugs used in combination, could effectively reduce pain behavior with reduced adverse effects.