• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to examine the nature of psychopathology and psychosocial environments of children with Atopic Dermatitis(AD) and their relationship to skin symptoms. Seventy outpatients with AD(mean age 9.94, range 4-15 years) and their mothers were subjected to psychiatric interview and parent- and self-report questionnaire(CBCL, MBRI, CDI, Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children(STAI), Family Impact questionnaire). Disease severity was assessed in three dimensions(skin extent, disease activity, and subjective symptom) by SCORAD index. Sixteen(22.9%) of our sample were suspected to have behavioral-emotional problems and they were different from non-problem group on depression, trait-anxiety, maternal controlling attitude and negative appraisal of children. While skin inflammation activity was correlated with only trait-anxiety and depression, subjective skin symptoms were correlated with many psychosocial factors such as depression, state-and traitanxiety, family-impact, social competence, internalized and externalized behavioral problem, sexual problem, and mother's positive appraisal of children). We concluded that children with AD are highrisk group for behavioral-emotional problems, and these problems along with maternal negative parenting attitude can affect their subjective symptom experience.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.186-190
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• 2000

Objective : The authors experienced that cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT) could replace medication for controlling panic attacks and anticipatory anxiety symptoms. The objective of this study was finding out predicting factors of discontinuation of medication after CBT for patients with panic disorder. Method : A hundred forty-eight patients who met DSM-IV criteria for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia for at least 3 months had completed 12 weekly sessions of Panic Control Therapy(PCT ; Barlow et al). Eighty-one patients who could discontinue medication and sixty-seven patients who could not discontinue medication were measured with several scales as the pre- and post-treatment aassessment. The scales were Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Clinical Global Impression(CGI), Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory(STAI-state), Anxiety Sensitivity Index(ASI), Body Sensation Questionnaire (BSQ), Panic Belief Questionnaire(PBQ), Agoraphobic Cognition Questionnaire(ACQ), Fear Questionnaire(FQ), Toronto Alexithymia Scale(TAS). Results : At the pre-treatment assessment, the scores of BDI, CGI, STAI-state, ACQ, BSQ were higher in the patients who could discontinue medication than in the patients who could not discontinue medication(t=-2.68, t=-4.88, t=-3.07, t=-3.68, t=-3.35, p<0.01). Conclusion : Patients with panic disorder who were less depressed, less anxious, less agoraphobic and who had less negative cognitions for the bodily sensation and who had higher scores in the therapist's assessment could discontinue their medications.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2012

Schizophrenia is a devastating psychiatric illness that afflicts 1% of the population worldwide, resulting in substantial impact to patients, their families, and health care delivery systems. For many years, schizophrenia has been felt to be associated with dysregulated dopaminergic neurotransmission as a key feature of the pathophysiology of the illness. Although numerous studies point to dopaminergic abnormalities in schizophrenia, dopamine dysfunction cannot completely account for all of the symptoms seen in schizophrenia, and dopamine-based treatments are often inadequate and can be associated with serious side effects. More recently, converging lines of evidence have suggested that there are abnormalities of glutamate transmission in schizophrenia. Glutamatergic neurotransmission involves numerous molecules that facilitate glutamate release, receptor activation, glutamate reuptake, and other synaptic activities. Evidence for glutamatergic abnormalities in schizophrenia primarily has implicated the NMDA and AMPA subtypes of the glutamate receptor. The expression of these receptors and other molecules associated with glutamate neurotransmission has been systematically studied in the brain in schizophrenia. These studies have generally revealed region- and molecule-specifi c changes in glutamate receptor transcript and protein expression in this illness. Given that glutamatergic neurotransmission has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, recent drug development efforts have targeted the glutamate system. Much effort to date has focused on modulation of the NMDA receptor, although more recently other glutamate receptors and transporters have been the targets of drug development. These efforts have been promising thus far, and ongoing efforts to develop additional drugs that modulate glutamatergic neurotransmission are underway that may hold the potential for novel classes of more effective treatments for this serious psychiatric illness.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.708-720
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• 2012

In this study, we assessed the effects of ginsenoside Re (GRe) administration on repeated immobilization stress-induced behavioral alterations using the forced swimming test (FST), the elevated plus maze (EPM), and the active avoidance conditioning test (AAT). Additionally, we examined the effect of GRe on the central adrenergic system by observing changes in neuronal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression in the rat brain. Male rats received 10, 20, or 50 mg/kg GRe (i.p.) 30 min before daily exposures to repeated immobilization stress (2 h/day) for 10 days. Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in response to repeated immobilization was confirmed by measuring serum levels of corticosterone (CORT) and the expression of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) in the hypothalamus. Repeated immobilization stress increased immobility in the FST and reduced open-arm exploration in the EPM test. It also increased the probability of escape failures in the AAT test, indicating a reduced avoidance response. Daily administration of GRe during the repeated immobilization stress period significantly inhibited the stress-induced behavioral deficits in these behavioral tests. Administration of GRe also significantly blocked the increase in TH expression in the locus coeruleus (LC) and the decrease in BDNF mRNA expression in the hippocampus. Taken together, these findings indicate that administration of GRe prior to immobilization stress significantly improved helpless behaviors and cognitive impairment, possibly through modulating the central noradrenergic system in rats. These findings suggest that GRe may be a useful agent for treating complex symptoms of depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.443-455
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• 2017

This study is a follow-up study of Smart-phone Application Content Development for the Measurement and Management of Adolescents' Depression(J. S. Park et al., 2016), that designing and implementing a smart-phone application based on cognitive behavioral therapy. This app facilitates analysis of depressive symptoms, and a simple, continuous self-check. Through this, the app will allow for continuous management of the psychological states by avoiding one-off or comprehensive analysis and diagnosis of depression, unlike previous app. We also aim to make a connection to the practical counseling services. To achieve this goal, we examined not only existing studies on youth depression, but also mobile applications related to depression.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2015

The purpose of the study is to analyze the effect of stress and the behavioral index factor of the people with intellectual disabilities living in residential facilities on their life satisfaction. A questionnaire survey was conducted between March 5 and September 22, 2014 among a sample of 200 people with intellectual disabilities living in the residential facility in Daejeon Metropolitan City. Surveyed data were analyzed by t-test, one-way ANOVA, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation models using SPSS WIN 18.0 and Amos 21.0 program, and verified at 5% significance level. Results from the study are as follows. First, no link was found between stress and their life satisfaction. Second, no correlation was identified between the behavioral index factor and their satisfaction with the facility. Third, concerning the physical symptoms it was indicated that their satisfaction level with the facility bears a positive relationship with their overall life satisfaction. These findings would provide a solid base from which policy makers can develop the policies to improve the satisfaction of people with intellectual disabilities living in residential facilities and reduce stress in their daily life.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.944-951
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• 2024

Objective: Parturition is crucial for dams, their calves, and cow managers. The prediction of calving time, which assists cow managers to decide on the relocation of cows to maternity pens and necessity of human supervision, is a pivotal aspect of livestock farming. However, existing methods of predicting calving time in dairy cows based on hormonal changes and clinical symptoms are time-consuming and yield unreliable predictions. Accordingly, we investigated whether heart rate variability (HRV) which is a non-invasive assessment of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity and behavior during the prepartum period would be useful for predicting calving time in dairy cows. Methods: Eight pregnant cows were surveilled under electrocardiogram and video recordings for HRV and behavioral analyses, respectively. HRV parameters in time and frequency domains were evaluated. A 24-h time budget was calculated for each of six types of behavior (standing and lying with or without rumination, sleeping, and eating). Results: Heart rate on calving day is considerably higher than those recorded on the days preceding calving. Low frequency power declined, whereas high frequency power escalated on the calving day compared to the period between 24 and 48 h before calving. The time budget for ruminating while lying decreased and that while standing increased markedly on the calving day compared to those allocated on the preceding days; nonetheless, the total time budget for ruminating did not differ during the prepartum period. Conclusion: We elucidated the ANS activity and behavioral profiles during prepartum period. Our results confirm that HRV parameters and behavior are useful for predicting calving time, and interestingly indicate that the time budget for ruminating while standing (or lying) may serve as a valuable predictor of calving. Collectively, our findings lay the foundation for future investigations to determine other potential predictors and formulate an algorithm for predicting calving time.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.187-215
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• 2011

This study examined the longitudinal relationship between depressive symptoms and alcohol use based on the tension reduction hypothesis and the intoxication hypothesis considering for path of depressive symptoms on alcohol use and vice versa simultaneously. And this study examined the effect of psychosocial behavior factors (i.e. smoking level, self-esteem, satisfaction with family relationships, and satisfaction with social relationships) on depressive symptoms and alcohol use. Using the data on the Korea Welfare Panel Study for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd years, this study were estimated using the Latent Growth Curve Model which is helpful for examining differences between the two. The results are as follows: the initial level of alcohol use had a positive impact on the rate of change in depressive symptoms, thereby supporting the intoxication hypothesis. Second, self-esteem and satisfaction with family relationships act as variables with the biggest effect on the initial level and the rate of change in depressive symptoms, whereas other psychosocial behavior factors such as smoking level and satisfaction with social relationship exert the largest influence over the initial level and the rate of change in alcohol use. This study has implications in that it clarified the confused relationship mechanism between alcohol use and depressive symptoms the two. Based on the finding of the study, political and practical implications were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.97-114
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• 2012

This study was performed to assess the nutritional status and hair mineral content of children with behavioral problems and compare the values with a gender, age-matched control group. The subjects were recruited from S elementary school children in Seoul, Korea. Students scored higher than 60 points were diagnosed with behavioral problems according to the Korean-Child Behavior Checklist. Nutritional assessment of the two groups (behavior problem group: male n=15, female n=24; $9.6{\pm}1.6$ years, control group: male n=16, female n=18; $9.5{\pm}1.9$ years) was performed using a nutritional survey and by measuring hair mineral contents. In the results, food frequency questionnaire analysis showed that the intakes of anchovy (P<0.05), soybean curb (P<0.01), radish (P<0.05), bean sprouts (P<0.05), spinach (P<0.05), carrot (P<0.05), pumpkin (P<0.05), lettuce (P<0.05), cabbage (P<0.01), apple (P<0.05), and milk (P<0.01) were higher in the control group than the behavior problem group, whereas intakes of ramyeon (P<0.05), cookies (P<0.05), and coke (P<0.01) were higher in the behavior problem group than the control group. Intakes of most nutrients such as plant-derived protein (P<0.05), fiber (P<0.05), plant-derived calcium (P<0.05), phosphorus (P<0.05), plant-derived iron (P<0.05), vitamin B2 (P<0.05), vitamin B6 (P<0.05), vitamin C (P<0.01), vitamin E (P<0.05), and folate (P<0.05) were significantly higher in the control group than the behavior problem group. Hair analysis showed that the levels of arsenic (P<0.05), mercury (P<0.001), uranium (P<0.05), iron (P<0.001), boron (P<0.01), and germanium (P<0.001) were lower, but the levels of phosphate (P<0.05), chromium (P<0.001), sodium (P<0.05), and sulfur (P<0.001) were higher in the behavior problem group than the control group. Conclusively, behavioral problems constitute a complicated condition in which nutritional factors may play major roles. However, it is still under investigation as to whether or not modification of dietary habits or nutritional supplementation can improve children's behavior, since symptoms require a broad understanding of the environmental and genetic interactions.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2014

Objectives : Homocysteine has been associated with cognitive impairment and various psychiatric symptoms. This study was designed to examine the relationship exists between plasma homocysteine concentration and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia(BPSD). Methods : 41 subjects with dementia of Alzheimer's type were included in this study. We carried out history taking, physical examination, and cognitive assessment for the diagnosis of dementia of Alzheimer's type based on DSM-IV. We scored the Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE), Global Deterioration Scale(GDS), Clinical Dementia Rating(CDR), and the Korean Neuropsychiatric Inventory(K-NPI). We also measured levels of homocysteine, folate, and vitamin $B_{12}$ in the plasma. Results : We found statistically significant positive correlations between homocysteine concentration with NPI total score, and with scores of several sub-domains such as delusion, agitation/aggression, depression/dysphoria, and elation/euphoria. No significant correlation existed between homocysteine levels and scores of MMSE, GDS, and CDR. Conclusions : This study shows that plasma homocysteine levels are associated with BPSD. Further research is necessary to identify pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying these relationships.