• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.72 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 2019

The mechanical behavior of Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites (FRCC) under direct shear is studied through experiment and analytical simulation. The cementitious composite considered contains 55% replacement of cement with fly ash and 2% (volume ratio) of short discontinuous synthetic fibers (in the form of mass reinforcement, comprising PVA - Polyvinyl Alcohol fibers). This class of cementitious materials exhibits ductility under tension with the formation of multiple fine cracks and significant delay of crack stabilization (i.e., localization of cracking at a single location). One of the behavioral parameters that concern structural design is the shear strength of this new type of fiber reinforced composites. This aspect was studied in the present work with the use of Push-off tests. The shear strength is then compared to the materials' tensile and splitting strength values.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.142-147
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• 2012

Individuals with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) have difficulty inferring other people's feelings from their facial expressions and/or from situational cues, and therefore, they are less able to respond with prosocial behavior. We developed a computer-based training program to help teach the connection between facial-based or situation-based emotions and prosocial behavioral responses. An 8-year-old male school child with ASD participated in the study. In this program, he was trained to identify persons in need of help and appropriate prosocial responses using novel photo-based scenarios. When he misidentified emotions from photographs of another's face, the program highlighted those parts of the face which effectively communicate emotion. To increase the likelihood that he would learn a generalized repertoire of emotional understanding, multiple examples of emotional expressions and situations were provided. When he misidentified persons expressing a need for help, or failed to identify appropriate helping behaviors, role playing was used to help him appreciate the state of mind of a person in need of help. The results of the training indicated increases in prosocial behaviors during a laboratory task that required collaborative work. His homeroom teacher, using a behavioral rating scale, reported that he now understood another's emotion or situation better than before training. These findings indicate the effects of the training are not limited to the artificial experiment situation, but also carried over to his school life.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2010

This study was conducted to compare the aspects of behavior between miniature pigs and conventional sows during gestation and lactation periods. Miniature pigs and conventional sows at 3 parity were used in this experiment with 4 pigs per treatment. The behavioral patterns and stereotyped behaviors were observed on day 60 and 90 of gestation, at farrowing, and on day 10 of lactation before and after the feeding. On 60 and 90 days of pregnancy, both treatments showed the tendency of frequent lateral lying rather than other postures. On ventral lying, eating and drinking, miniature pigs spent more time than conventional pigs at day 90 of gestation (P<0.01, P=0.0539, P<0.05, respectively). The occurrence of stereotyped behaviors included bar biting and bar mouth chewing. At 90 day of pregnancy was observed, conventional pigs was higher than miniature pigs (P<0.05). At farrowing, miniature pigs spent more time on ventral lying, standing and walking than conventional sows (P<0.05), however, there were more frequency of drinking and eating. And on day 10 of lactation, there was no significant difference in stereotyped behaviors between miniature pigs and conventional sows. In conclusion, miniature pigs were generally more sensitive than conventional sows although sows were reared in stall during gestation and lactation period and the behavioral pattern during lactating period showed the similarity between miniature pigs and conventional sows for protection of nursing pigs. In consideration of the general reproductive performance of conventional sows, the high sensitivity and stress of miniature pigs did not affect the reproductive performance of miniature pigs.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.475-485
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• 2007

Methamphetamine is an illicit drug that is often abused and can cause neuropsychiatric and neurotoxic damage. Repeated administration of psychostimulants such as methamphetamine induces a behavioral sensitization. According to a previous study, Bax was involved in neurotoxicity by methamphetamine, but the function of Bax in rewarding effect has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, we have studied the function of Bax in a rewarding effect model. In the present study, we treated chronic methamphetamine exposure in a Bax-deficient mouse model and examined behavioral change using a conditioned place preference (CPP) test. The CPP score in Bax knockout mice was decreased compared to that of wild-type mice. Therefore, we screened for Bax-related genes that are involved in rewarding effect using microarray technology. In order to confirm microarray data, we applied the RT-PCR method to observe relative changes of Bcl2, a pro-apoptotic family gene. As a result, using our experiment microarray, we selected genes that were associated with Bax in microarray data, and eventually selected the Tgfbr2 gene. Expression of the Tgfbr2 gene was decreased by methamphetamine in Bax knockout mice, and the gene was overexpressed in Bax wild-type mice. Additionally, we confirmed that Creb, FosB, and c-Fos were related to rewarding effect and Bax using immunohistochemistry.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.101-127
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• 2016

Irrational ordering decisions of supply chain members have been gaining growing importance in the area of supply chain management. Irrational ordering behaviors that deviate from the profit maximizing decisions in the newsvendor settings have observed with human experiments in recent research. These behaviors can be modeled with several typical decision bias elements. This bias in ordering decisions affects the performance of supply chain contracts designed based on the assumption that the supply chain members make optimal decisions, making it necessary to design supply chain contracts by considering the irrationality. The purpose of this research is to derive a method to design the revenue sharing contract that considers human irrationality in ordering decisions. This research considers a simple two-echelon supply chain consisting of one supplier and one retailer, where the supplier is assumed to be perfectly rational while the retailer making newsvendor type ordering decisions displays irrational ordering behaviors. Under this environment, this research analytically models the revenue sharing contract to maximize the total supply chain profit or the supplier's own profits while considering the three decision bias patterns of the retailer, which include the pull-to-center effect, the prospect theory, and the increased subjective sensitivity to the revenue sharing ratio. Irrationality parameters are measured through human experiments based on which and through numerical simulations, we showed that significant improvements in the supply chain performance can be achieved.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38C no.11
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• pp.1000-1009
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• 2013

This study investigated changes in behavioral performance before and after watching a multi-view 3D content by using auditory stimuli based on the selective attention theory in order to quantitatively evaluate 3D visual fatigue. Twenty-one undergraduates were asked to report on their current visual and physical condition both in the pre- and post-experiment. A selective attention task was conducted before and after mobile 3D viewing to compare the changes in performance. After performing a Wilcoxon's matched-pairs signed-ranks test on the subjective ratings of 3D visual fatigue, participants were categorized into two groups, unfatigued and fatigued group with a definite criterion. For the unfatigued group, no significant fatigue effects were found in behavioral response times and accuracies to specific auditory targets. In sharply contrast to the unfatigued group, the fatigued group showed significantly delayed response times and less response accuracies. However, no significant changes in accuracies for a working memory task were observed in both groups.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.17
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• pp.7309-7316
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• 2014

Background: While many researchers often use a theoretical framework for mammogram repeat interventions, it seems they do not apply an identified mediation analysis method. The aim of this study was to determine the mediators of mammogram replication behavior in two tailored interventions for non-adherent Iranian women. Materials and Methods: A sample population of 184 women over 50 years old in Sanandaj, Iran, was selected for an experiment. Participants were randomly allocated into one of the three conditions: 1) an intervention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) 2) an intervention based on an integration of the HBM and selected constructs from the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and 3) a control group. Constructs were measured before the intervention, and after a 6-month follow-up. Results: Perceived self-efficacy, behavioral control, and subjective norms were recognized as mediators in the HBM and selected constructs from the TPB intervention. Perceived susceptibility, severity, barriers, self-efficacy and behavioral control met the criteria for mediation in the HBM intervention. Conclusions: This study was successful in establishing mediation in a sample of women. Our findings enrich the literature on mammography repeat, indicating key intervention factors, and relegating redundant ones in the Iranian populations. The use of strategies to increase mammography repeat, such HBM and TPB constructs is suggested to be important for maintaining a screening behavior, once the behavior has been adopted.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.364-369
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• 2006

The investigation of the Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in tissues (brain, eye, muscle and serum) of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) exposed to the waterborne parathion was carried out for application as biomarker of organophosphate pesticides. The AChE activities were significantly inhibited in the experimental organs of C. auratus treated ${\geq}63{\mu}g/L$ of concentrations of parathion. The AChE activity of C. auratus was significantly reduced in response to brain (79.1~92.4%), eye (76.0~91.5%), muscle (89.7~97.6%) and serum (68.9~78.0%) after 30 days exposure. No significant mortality occurred during the experiment duration but behavioral changes occurred in the carp after exposure to the parathion were erratic swimming and convulsions. The anomaly in the carp exposed to parathion were observed in the form of scoliosis. The use of AChE activity and other adverse responses of the carp might be use as a reliable monitoring tool to detect parathion in aquatic ecosystem which might produce significant population changes.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.7-10
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• 2010

Objective: In this study, we present a simple closed head injury model as a two-stage experiment. The height of the weight drop enables gradation of head trauma severity. Methods: The head injury device consists of three parts and there are three adjustable parameters-weight (100-600 g). height of fall (5-100 cm) and elasticity of the springs. Thirty male Wistar rats underwent monitoring of intracranial pressure with and without induction of the head injury. Results: The weight drop from 45 to 100 cm led to immediate seizure activity and early death of the experimental animals. Severe head injury was induced from 40 cm weight drop. There was 50% mortality and all surviving rats had behavioral deterioration. Intracranial pressure was 9.3${\pm}$3.76 mmHg. Moderate head injury was induced from 35 cm, mortality decreased to 20-40%, only half of the animals showed behavioral pathology and intracranial pressure was 7.6${\pm}$3.54 mmHg. Weight drop from 30 cm caused mild head injury without mortality and neurological deterioration. Intracranial pressure was slightly higher compared to sham group- 5.5${\pm}$0.74 mmHg and 2.9${\pm}$0.81 mmHg respectively. Conclusion: This model is an eligible tool to create graded brain injury with stepwise intracranial pressure elevation.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.193-199
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• 2013

In this paper, a user search history based potential query recommendation system is proposed to enable the user of information search system to represent one's potential desire for information in terms of query and to facilitate the desired information to be searched. The proposed system has analyzed the association with the existing users's search histories based on the users' search query, and it has extracted the users's potential desire for information. The extracted potential desire for information is represented in terms of recommended query and thereby made recommendations to users. In order to analyze the effectiveness of the system proposed in this paper, we conducted behavioral experiments by using search histories of 27656. As a result of behavioral experiments, the experiment subjects were found to show a statistically significant higher level of satisfaction when using the proposed system as compared to using general search engines.