• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.325-342
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• 2018

The Korea Emissions Trading Scheme ( K-ETS), which manages roughly 70% of the greenhouse gas emissions in South Korea, was initiated in 2015, after implementation of its 1st basic plan and the 1st allocation plan (2014) for the 1st phase (2015-2017). During the three and a half years since the launch of K-ETS, there have been critical policy change such as adjustment of the institutions involved, development and revision of the 2030 national GHG reduction roadmap, and change in the allocation plans. Moreover, lack of liquidity and fluctuation of carbon prices in the K-ETS market during this period has forced the Korean government to adjust the flexibility mechanism and auction permits of the market stability reserve. To evaluate the policy change in the K-ETS regarding conformance to its objectives, this study defines three objectives (Environmental Effectiveness, Cost Effectiveness and Economic Efficiency) and ten indicators. Evaluation of Environmental Effectiveness of K-ETS suggests that the national GHG reduction roadmap, coverage of GHG emitters and credibility of MRV positively affect GHG mitigation. However, there was a negative policy change implemented in 2017 that weakened the emission cap during the 1st phase. In terms of the Cost Effectiveness, the K-ETS policies related to market management and flexibility mechanism (e.g. banking, borrowing and offsets) were improved to deal with the liquidity shortage and permit price increase, which were caused by policy uncertainty and conservative behavior of firms during 2016-2018. Regarding Economic Efficiency, K-ETS expands benchmark?based allocation and began auction-based allocation; nevertheless, free allocation is being applied to sectors with high carbon leakage risk during the 2nd phase (2018-2020). As a result, it is worth evaluating the K-ETS policies that have been developed with respect to the three main objectives of ETS, considering the trial?and?error approach that has been followed since 2015. This study suggests that K-ETS policy should be modified to strengthen the emission cap, stabilize the market, expand auction-based allocation and build K-ETS specified funds during the 3rd phase (2021-2025).

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.35
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• pp.221-251
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• 2017

This study attempts to examine the problem of properties mentioned in Shin Jae hyo's adapted version of Baktaryeong through the property related behavior of the characters, and discuss Shin Jae hyo's view of properties and his contemporary perception problems. As a result, in Baktaryeong, Nolbu takes the shape of a rich farmer in the existing text with grain centered accumulated properties, and of a wealthy man who is skilled in money management and growth as an economically well-informed person. In contrast, Heungbu is a poor peasant isolated from his own farm without enough property to minimally survive, representing the alienated poor who can not adapt to the currency economy led by the Nolbu people. This adaptation could have been a product of Shin Jae hyo's own view of property. Through the detailed description of Baktaryeong, it can be seen that he found it difficult to observe too much, but he thought that interest in property and money seemed basically to be affirmed in human life. In addition, in terms of issues of the poor, he found that the economic efforts of the lower classes and the care of the rich should be needed for the poor. However, he was forced to put the sense of crisis and the self defense consciousness as a wealthy family of middle class in the local society under the rapidly changing circumstances of the time into the text. That is, Baktaryeong included his own diagnosis of the present reality by drawing the issue of wealth and poverty in existing Heungboga(jeon), which is perhaps more appropriate for reality based on Shin Jae hyo's own view of properties.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.53
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• pp.269-310
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• 2017

This article aims at the study on Improvement of legal System which is related to automated vehicles in the era of the 4th industrial revolution. Legal aspects of driving automation have two view points. One is to permit a automated vehicle, the other is to regulate the behavior of driver on the road. Signifying elements of the 4th industrial revolution are IoT, AI, big data, cloud computing etc. Automated vehicles are the imbodiment of those new ICT technologies. The vehicle management act(VMA) rules about vehicle registration and approval of vehicle types. VMA defines a automated vehicle as a vehicle which can be self driven without handling of driver or passenger. Vehicle makers can take temporary driving permission for testing and research the driving automation. Current definition of automated vehicle of VMA is not enough for including all levels of SAE driving automation. In the VMA must be made also a new vehicle safty standard for automated vehicle. In the national assembly is curruntly pending three draft bills about legislation of artificial intelligence. Driving automation and AI technologies must be parallel developed. It is highly expected that more proceeding research of driving automation can be realized as soon as possible.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.spc2
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• pp.801-810
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• 2019

This study analyzes the impact on geomorphic changes downstream due to alternate bars developed weir upstream through laboratory experiments. The disturbance, such as a spur in the side wall, of the flow at the inlet of the channel triggers the development of alternate bar upstream at the beginning of the experiment, and gradually moved downstream with keeping their shapes over time. The bed in the downstream of weir in the mid of channel scoured due to the scarcity of sediment inflow because weir upstream traps it. Moreover, bar migration speed decreases as the bars approaches to the weir with time. However, as time increases, the alternate bars upstream migrate over the weir, and sediment in the eroded bed of the weir downstream are deposited. The phase of the bar upstream changes oppositely after passing through the weir. The phase of the bar downstream changes rapidly as the shape of alternate bar is clear upstream, which is affected by the strong disturbance. The phase of bar changes, and the bar migration speed decreases gradually with time, and finally stopped due to forcing effects on the bar by the disturbance. The faster the reaction of alternate bar with a long spur, the larger the bar height formed downstream and the shorter the bar length. This means that the larger the forcing effect of bar, the more it affects the bar migration. In addition, although the size of the alternate bar increases over time, the bar doesn't migrate downstream and a forced bar is generated.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.25-33
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• 2020

In this paper, the purpose is to verify the impact of performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, individual innovation and perceived value on the intent of use and the behavior of use. Used Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to verify the applicability of this model in China, and established the research model by adding two new variables to UTAUT according to the situation of the Chinese market. To achieve this goal, 345 questionnaires were collected for experienced music creators using artificial intelligence nuggets in China by means of Internet research. The collected data were analyzed through frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and structural equation analysis through SPSS V. 22.0 and AMOS V 22.0. The verification of the hypotheses presented in the research model identified the decisive influence factors on the use of artificial intelligence music acceptance by Chinese users. The study is innovative in that it attempts to verify the applicability of UTAUT in the Chinese context. In the construction of the user acceptance model of AI music, three influencing factors will have an effect on users' intentions, and according to the degree of effect, from largest to smallest, they are respectively Perceived Innovativeness, Performance Expectancy and Effort Expectancy. This paper will also provide some management advices, i.e. improving the utility and usability of AI music, encouraging users with individual innovativeness, developing competitive and attractive pricing policies, increasing publicity, and prioritizing word-of-mouth advertising.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.66-69
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• 2015

In addition to classical triad such as gait disturbance, urinary incontinence and dementia, parkinsonian extrapyramidal motor signs and neuropsychiatric symptoms can be observed in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). In our case, a 46 year old female patient showed extrapyramidal symptoms such as bradykinesia, rigidity and neuropsychiatric symptoms such as agitation, anxiety, restlessness and regressed behavior beside two(gait disturbance & urinary incontinence) symptoms of three classical triad. It was difficult to diagnose this patient as NPH from the beginning because of her relatively young age and previous psychiatric mediation history for controlling advanced anxiety and affective disorder. Antiparkinsonian agents and discontinuation of psychiatric medications did not work for this patient. Patient's brain computed tomographic finding showed enlarged ventricles. We suspected NPH and did empirical drainage of 30mL CSF. Finally, patient's pyramidal and neuropsychiatric symptoms as well as two of three classical triad of NPH were improved dramatically within several days. It is important to consider NPH as one of the differential diagnosis in patient with parkinsonian symptoms and various neuropsychiatric symptoms who did not respond to usual clinical management especially in case of ventricular enlargement in neuroimaging because of its treatable property by CSF shunt operation.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.spc1
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• pp.1155-1166
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• 2021

In this study, statistical analysis was performed to suggest the optimal analysis techniques for the main measuring instruments of the fill dam, such as seepage, crest settlement, and porewater pressure gauge. In addition, correlation analysis with water level and rainfall data was performed. Based on the results of descriptive statistical analysis for each instrument, porewater pressure gauges could be classified into 3 groups or 2 groups through principal component analysis, In the case of the group having a high correlation with the water level instrument, the correlation between the gauges was also large. In the case of seepage instrument, the distribution showed an extremely asymmetric distribution, so for quantitative analysis, the average seepage during non-precipitation and precipitation could be estimated through decision tree analysis. In the case of the crest settlement instrument, the correlation analysis showed that the correlation between the gauges was large, but the relationship with the water level instrument did not show a significant linear relationship, so EMD analysis was performed to analyze it in more detail. It is judged that principal component analysis, decision tree analysis, and data filtering method can be applied to analyze the behavior of pore water pressure meters, seepage, and crest settlement instrument as major measurement items of fill dam.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.125-133
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• 2021

This study investigated to explore the broadened concept of the subscription service market and categorize of the subscription market and its consumer behavior. We examined the satisfaction of the service users and the reasons for terminating the subscription. Survey respondents were 443 people in their 20s and 30s, who actively use subscription services. As a result of the survey it was found that users in their 20s were more satisfied with the overall subscription service than those in their 30s, and that user's residential areas were evenly distributed regardless of metropolitan area or non-metropolitan area. As a reason for the cancellation of subscription service: the lower the novelty of subscription, the less personalization tailored to consumer, the lack of feeling self-growth while using the service, and the more termination is made. Our findings have magnified the understanding of consumers behaviors in the age of 20s and 30s of using and terminating subscription service and hopefully be used for future studies of subscription services.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.395-433
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• 2021

This paper aims to examine the effects of homeownership and residential types on the economic values of urban green spaces. Green open spaces as public goods provide positive externalities that are comprised of pecuniary and technological externalities. Seoul, South Korea, is used as a case study using choice experiments, with split-sample online respondents of 1,000. The study results evidenced that the differentiation between the two types of externalities is imperative for equitable provisions and efficient management of various urban open spaces. There is a positively significant and substantial impact of homeownership for apartment dwellers, ceteris paribus, but not for house dwellers. For apartments, the efficiency loss can be reduced by increasing green spaces up to the critical point where the marginal cost is at equilibrium with tenants' marginal values. For non-apartment houses, it is not homeownership but the monthly household income that has a significant impact on the amenity value. In general, public benefits from green spaces are equivalent to 16% to 33% of the current residential prices on average for a view or access. Different residential types do not cause a significant impact on the access values. Residential profiles for green spaces were developed, together with tailor-made policy suggestions.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.417-426
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• 2019

This researched is an investigation about the youths runaways street life experienced, the crimes committed through the influenced living in the street by looking into the effectiveness of the youth welfare and make an observation of their direction. The survey was conducted on young people who met in the youth shelter and outreach program, and finally analyzed 259 copies. The results of the study are as follows. First, When comparing the ages of the runaway youths if not properly given a support, services and prevention after running away from home, these youth will live their life in the street until their adolescents. Second, Runaway youth shelter has been providing the needs of those runaway youth who came in the shelter. However, it needs necessary new policy and services that will augment the support in solving problems of the youths when they visit youth shelter to ask for help and support. Third, It can be seen that the flight behavior after the street life is increased. They are in a situation where they have no choice but to join the juveniles for street life. Finally, Street life Youth self-reliance, support for living expenses, housing facilities, job opportunities, technical and job skill training were highly desired by the youths. Eventually, the intervention of youth living in street life requires a multifaceted support such as housing, labor, education, and welfare.