• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.37-51
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• 2012

New generation of tall and complex buildings systems are now introduced that are reflective of the latest development in materials, design, sustainability, construction, and IT technologies. While the complexity in design is being overcome by the availability and advances in structural analysis tools and readily advanced software, the design of these buildings are still reliant on minimum code requirements that yet to be validated in full scale. The involvement of the author in the design and construction planning of Burj Khalifa since its inception until its completion prompted the author to conceptually develop an extensive survey and real-time structural health monitoring program to validate all the fundamental assumptions mad for the design and construction planning of the tower. The Burj Khalifa Project is the tallest structure ever built by man; the tower is 828 meters tall and comprises of 162 floors above grade and 3 basement levels. Early integration of aerodynamic shaping and wind engineering played a major role in the architectural massing and design of this multi-use tower, where mitigating and taming the dynamic wind effects was one of the most important design criteria established at the onset of the project design. Understanding the structural and foundation system behaviors of the tower are the key fundamental drivers for the development and execution of a state-of-the-art survey and structural health monitoring (SHM) programs. Therefore, the focus of this paper is to discuss the execution of the survey and real-time structural health monitoring programs to confirm the structural behavioral response of the tower during construction stage and during its service life; the monitoring programs included 1) monitoring the tower's foundation system, 2) monitoring the foundation settlement, 3) measuring the strains of the tower vertical elements, 4) measuring the wall and column vertical shortening due to elastic, shrinkage and creep effects, 5) measuring the lateral displacement of the tower under its own gravity loads (including asymmetrical effects) resulting from immediate elastic and long term creep effects, 6) measuring the building lateral movements and dynamic characteristic in real time during construction, 7) measuring the building displacements, accelerations, dynamic characteristics, and structural behavior in real time under building permanent conditions, 8) and monitoring the Pinnacle dynamic behavior and fatigue characteristics. This extensive SHM program has resulted in extensive insight into the structural response of the tower, allowed control the construction process, allowed for the evaluation of the structural response in effective and immediate manner and it allowed for immediate correlation between the measured and the predicted behavior. The survey and SHM programs developed for Burj Khalifa will with no doubt pioneer the use of new survey techniques and the execution of new SHM program concepts as part of the fundamental design of building structures. Moreover, this survey and SHM programs will be benchmarked as a model for the development of future generation of SHM programs for all critical and essential facilities, however, but with much improved devices and technologies, which are now being considered by the author for another tall and complex building development, that is presently under construction.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.977-987
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of sensory integration therapy (SIT) on sensory' motor development and adaptive behavior of cerebral palsy children. The design of this study was quasi experiments with a non-equivalent pre- and post-test control design. Subjects of the study were arbitrarily chosen based on predetermined selection criteria among the cerebral palsy children who were treated as out-patients at two rehabilitation hospitals one in Seoul, and the other in Kyunggi-do. The study was conducted between early April and late July in 2000. Fifteen children were in the experimental group and eleven in the control group. The allocation was done based on ease of experimental treatment. A five-step SIT program was devised from a combination of SIT programs suggested by Ayres(1985) and Finks(1989), and an author-designed SIT program for cerebral palsy children. The experimental group was subjected to 20 to 30 minutes of SIT per session. two sessions a week for ten -week period. The effects of SIT were measured with respect to 9 sub-areas that can be administered to cerebral palsy children out of a total of 17 sub-areas in the Southern California Sensory Integration Test (SCSIT) developed by Ayres (1980). In addition. the scale developed by Russell (1993) for Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM). and Perception Motor Development Test developed by 中司利一 et al.(1987) were also applied. Adaptive behavior was analyzed using guidelines in two unpublished documents - School-Age Checklist for Occupational Therapy by the Wakefield Occupational Therapy Associates, and the OTA-Watertown Clinical Assessment by the Watertown Occupational Therapy Associates-, and an author-developed Adaptive Behavior Checklist. Collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS PC for chi square test, Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and paired t-test. The results were as follows: 1. In sensory development, the experimental group exhibited a score increase compared to the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant, Although the experimental group showed improvements in all. 9 sub-areas compared to the control group, only right-left discrimination exhibited statistically significant change. 2. In gross motor development, the experimental group showed improvements in score compared to the control group, but it was not statistically significant. In fine motor development, the experimental group exhibited statistically significant improvements compared to the control group. In sub-area analysis, figure synthesis showed positive change. 3. In adaptive behavior development, post-experimental adaptive behavior scores were higher compared to pre-experimental scores with statistical significance. Furthermore, sub-areas emotional behavior, perception behavior, gross-fine motor function, oral-respiration function, motor behavior, motor planning, and adaptive response exhibited higher scores after SIT. In conclusion SIT was found to be partially effective in sensory and fine motor development, effective in all adaptive behavior areas, and not effective in gross motor development. Thus, this study has shown that SIT is an effective intervention for sensory development, fine motor development, and adaptive behavior for cerebral palsy children. But, for the effectiveness of SIT on gross motor development, further studies employing longer-time experiments are recommended.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.217-228
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• 2019

이 연구는 여가시간 신체활동 의도와 운동행동 간의 관계에서의 틈(gap)을 극복하고 이 관계를 잇는 매개 변인들의 역할을 검증하고, 기존의 계획행동이론의 확장을 도모하는데 목적을 두었다. 이에 여가시간 신체활동에 대한 의도와 운동행동 간의 관계에서 실천계획-1)극복계획과 2)실행계획-의 매개효과를 검증하였다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 편의표집법을 활용하여 강원도 내 위치한 세 곳의 대학에서 교양체육에 참여하고 있는 대학생 253명(남학생=118; 여학생=105)을 대상으로 설문조사를 하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS와 Amos프로그램을 활용하여 분석되었으며, 기술통계, 신뢰도, 상관분석, 그리고 구조 관계를 검증하기 위해 구조방정식 모형을 적용하여 의도, 극복계획 및 실행계획, 그리고 여가시간 신체활동 및 운동 간의 관계를 검증하였다. 특히, 의도와 행동 간의 관계에서 극복계획과 실행계획의 매개효과를 검증하기 매개 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 신체활동 의도는 실행계획과 운동행동에 직접적으로 영향을 미쳤으며, 실행계획은 의도에 비해 실제 운동행동을 더욱더 잘 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 매개변인인 극복계획과 실행계획은 신체활동에 대한 참여 의도가 실제 운동행동에 미치는 영향에서 부분적으로 모두 매개역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구를 통해 나타난 결과를 종합해 보면, 극복계획과 실행계획의 개념화와 모형검증은 의도-행동의 틈을 극복하고 실제 현장에서 실용적으로 활용될 수 있다는 사실을 알 수 있었다.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.175-189
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• 2020

창업가의 개인 특성이 창업 의도에 중요한 영향을 미친다는 기존 연구 결과가 많은 것에 비하여 이에 대한 내재적 메커니즘에 관한 연구는 상대적으로 부족하였다. 최근의 연구 결과들을 보면 창업자의 개인적 특성 요인이 창업 의도에 직접적으로 영향을 미치기보다 창업 태도와 인지된 행동 통제를 매개로 하여 창업 의도에 영향을 미친다는 연구 결과가 다양하게 나타나고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 최근 창업 활동을 활발하게 하고 있는 중국 대학생들의 창업 의도를 형성하는 개인 특성이 무엇인지에 대해 233명의 중국 대학생들을 대상으로 한 실증적 연구를 수행하였다. 계획된 행동 이론을 기반으로 창업 태도와 인지된 행동 통제를 창업 의도를 형성시키는 중요한 변수로 설정하고, 잠재적인 창업자의 개인 특성 요인들(리더십, 계획성, 혁신성, 사회성)이 두 변수를 매개로 창업 의도를 형성시킨다는 가설과 모형을 구성하여 회귀분석과 구조방정식 모형을 통하여 검증하였다. 분석 결과, 중국 대학생의 경우 창업 태도와 인지된 행동 통제가 창업 의도를 형성시키는 중요한 선행 변수로 나타났다. 또한 개인적 특성 요인 중 리더십과 혁신성은 창업 태도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 반면 리더십과 계획성은 인지된 행동 통제의 수준을 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 리더십은 창업 태도와 인지된 행동 통제를 매개로 창업 의도를 형성하며, 혁신성은 창업 태도, 그리고 계획성은 인지된 행동 통제를 매개로 창업 의도 형성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 잠재적인 창업자로서 중국 대학생에 대한 창업 교육을 수행하는 경우 리더십, 혁신성, 계획성의 요소를 강조하는 창업 교육이 필요하며 잠재적인 창업자의 선택 기준을 설정함에 있어서도 중요한 개인적 특질로 위의 세 요소를 제시할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.250-265
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• 2016

Owing to our rapidly aging society, accessibility evaluation to enhance the ease and safety of access to indoor and outdoor environments for the elderly and disabled is increasing in importance. Accessibility must be assessed not only from the general standard aspect but also in terms of physical and cognitive friendliness for users of different ages, genders, and abilities. Meanwhile, human behavior simulation has been progressing in the areas of crowd behavior analysis and emergency evacuation planning. However, in human behavior simulation, environment models represent only "as-planned" situations. In addition, a pedestrian model cannot generate the detailed articulated movements of various people of different ages and genders in the simulation. Therefore, the final goal of this research was to develop a virtual accessibility evaluation by combining realistic human behavior simulation using a digital human model (DHM) with "as-is" environment models. To achieve this goal, we developed an algorithm for generating human-like DHM walking motions, adapting its strides, turning angles, and footprints to laser-scanned 3D as-is environments including slopes and stairs. The DHM motion was generated based only on a motion-capture (MoCap) data for flat walking. Our implementation constructed as-is 3D environment models from laser-scanned point clouds of real environments and enabled a DHM to walk autonomously in various environment models. The difference in joint angles between the DHM and MoCap data was evaluated. Demonstrations of our environment modeling and walking simulation in indoor and outdoor environments including corridors, slopes, and stairs are illustrated in this study.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1101-1110
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• 2003

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to identify the stage of change of smoking cessation behavior and investigate factors associated with the stage of smoking cessation behavior according to the transtheoretical model. Methods. The participants, 297 smokers & quitters were selected by a stratified random sampling from 127 high school sophomore students in B city. Data were collected from April 6th to 16th, in 2002 using the structured self-report questionnaire. Results. The subjects were distributed in each stage of change of smoking cessation behavior: there were 46 subjects (15.5%) in precontemplation, 73 subjects (24.6%) in contemplation, 67 subjects(22.3%) in preparation, 56 subjects (18.5%) in action, 55 subjects (18.5%) in maintenance. Compared to the precontemplation and contemplation, people in preparation tended to smoke daily more and smoked for a shorter time, and as precontemplation progressed to the maintenance, past 1 year smoking cessation frequency increased and friends smoking decreased. Smoking onset age was the earliest in preparation, and the latest in maintenance. Helping relationships and self relationships are used a lot in precontemplation and also in contemplation. In preparation, self liberation and helping relationships are used a lot, in action, self liberation and helping relationships, and in maintenance, self liberation and environmental reevaluation. At each stage, the score of negative affect situation was the highest, but the one of negative affect situation, positive social situation, habitual strength, weight control decreased as precontemplation progressed to the maintenance. While the score of social pros and coping pros decreased with increasing stage, the one of cons tended to increase. Through stepwise discriminant analysis, it was found that social pros, smoking onset age, delf-libration were the most influencing powers among factors associated with the stages of smoking cessation behavior. Conclusions. This study suggested that, in developing an effective smoking cessation intervention for adolescents, all the stage of a client's cessation had to be assessed prior to applying intervention programs. In addition, the results of this study will become a pillar of smoking cessation program planning and application.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.849-857
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate 5th grade elementary school girls' effort to recognize and use nutritional labels on processed foods and restaurant meals to encourage dietary behavior. The subjects (n=976) were divided into three groups (effort group, n=711; normal group, n=193; and no-effort group, n=72) depending on level of effort for the healthy dietary behavior such as eating balanced meals, eating three meals regularly, and eating meals slowly. In the effort group, the frequency of food intake for breads, ramen, noodles and fast foods was significantly lower, while frequency of food intake for fruits and vegetables and salad was significantly higher than in the other two groups. In the effort group, the ratio of the respondents that perception of nutrition labeling on processed foods and restaurant meals was 80.5% and 31.4% and the ratio of girls who checked the nutrition labeling at their point of purchase was 71.1% and 24.7%, respectively. Reasons given for not reading nutrition labeling for restaurant meals were 'not interested' for 34.6% of the effort group, and 52.2% of the no-effort group. Therefore, it is necessary to create an educational program on healthy dietary behavior, including how to read nutrition labeling and establishment of proper body image perception for elementary school girls.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1073-1082
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 변화하는 환경에서 에이전트의 인지 정보로부터 움직이는 물체의 운동모델을 미리 알 수 없는 경우에도 적용할 수 있는 적응적인 행동을 생성하는 방법을 제안한다. 전통적인 에이전트의 지능제어 방법은 환경에 대해 알고 있는 정보를 이용한다는 제약 때문에 강건하지만 다양하고 복잡한 환경에 적용할 수 얼었다. 환경에 대한 정보가 없는 상황에서 에이전트가 자율적으로 행동하기 위해서는 행동 기반의 방법이 적합하며, 실제와 같은 변화는 환경에서 에이전트의 적응적 행동을 위해서는 상황을 미리 추론하고 대처하는 능력이 필요하다. 움직이는 장애물 피하기는 변화하는 환경에서의 적응적 행동생성의 가능성을 보여줄 수 있는 문제이기 때문에 다양한 방법으로 연구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 고정된 장애물뿐만 아니라 움직이는 장애물을 인지하고 피하는 적응적인 행동을 생성하기 위한 2단계의 제어 구조를 제안한다. 1단계는 상황을 인지하고 자율적으로 행동을 생성하는 행동 네트워크 구조이고 2단계는 변화하는 상황을 추론하고 제어정보를 1단계로 전달하는 베이지안 네트워크 구조이다. 시뮬레이터를 이용한 실험을 통해 제안한 방법으로 고정된 장애물과 움직이는 장애물을 피하고 목적지를 찾아가는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 정보과학회 논문지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.320-327
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• 2015

최근 다양한 분야에 서비스 로봇이 상용화되고 있지만 대부분의 로봇 에이전트는 사용자의 구체적인 명령에 의존적이고, 불안정한 센서정보를 기반으로 환경변화에 빠르게 대응하여 목적을 달성하기는 어려운 문제가 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해, 본 논문은 사람이 타인의 의도를 이해하고 대응하는 과정을 설명하는 거울뉴런(mirror neuron)과 마음이론(theory of mind) 시스템을 모델링하고 로봇에이전트에 적용하여 유용성을 입증한다. 제안하는 의도-대응 모델은 거울뉴런의 빠르고 직관적인 대응행동과 중간목적 지향적인 특성을 구현하기 위해, 환경과 목적을 고려하는 행동선택 네트워크(behavior selection network)를 사용한다. 또한, 장기적인 행동계획을 기반으로 대응행동을 수행하는 마음이론 시스템을 수행하기 위해, 계층적 계획생성 기법을 이용하여 중간목적 단위로 행동을 계획하고 이를 기반으로 행동선택네트워크 모듈을 제어한다. 다양한 시나리오에 대해 실험한 결과 외부자극에 적절한 대응행동이 생성됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.330-337
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• 2018

최근 사용자 중심의 스마트시티 서비스에 관한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 본 연구는 사용자 중심의 스마트시티 서비스를 계획하 기 위한 사전 연구로 사용자의 니즈를 조사하였다. 본 연구는 스마트시티 서비스에 대한 니즈를 도출하기 위해 GIS 기반 위치분석데이터와 비디오 에스노그래피 방법론을 활용하고자 한다. 본 연구는 스마트시티 테스트베드로 선정된 대전 도안지구의 현장조사를 통해 사용자의 집객도가 높은 지역을 세부조사대상지로 선정하고, 도로교통공단의 교통사고분석시스템(TAAS : Traffic Accidents Analysis System)의 위치분석데이터를 이용하여 주변 보행환경을 함께 조사하였다. 또한 비디오 에스노그래피의 고정카메라기법을 통해 사용자의 행위 유형과 변화를 관찰하였다. 추출된 영상데이터를 통해 사용자의 활동을 11개의 세분화 된 유형으로 분류하고, 관찰되는 문제점 및 특이사항을 분석하였다. 본 연구를 통해 조사된 사용자 행위특성은 향후 사용자 중심 스마트시티 서비스를 제안할 수 있는 근거를 마련한다는 점에 의의가 있다.